CN108000903A - 用于制造拉挤成型的具有混合构造的支承构件的方法 - Google Patents
用于制造拉挤成型的具有混合构造的支承构件的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B29C70/882—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced partly or totally electrically conductive, e.g. for EMI shielding
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- B60J5/04—Doors arranged at the vehicle sides
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Abstract
为了尽可能成本低廉地提供一种用于制造轻质结构支承构件的方法,其中,支承构件还应满足针对车门的门碰撞支架的要求,并且与现有技术中已知的技术方案相比具有更小的重量,在此建议,由纤维复合塑料组分和金属组分组成的、呈混合构造方式的支架构件通过连续方法制成。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于由纤维复合塑料组分和技术组分制造拉挤成型的支承构件的方法。此外,本发明还涉及一种拉挤成型的支承构件以及具有拉挤成型的构件的车身件。
作为用于成功防护侧面碰撞和柱碰撞(Pfahlaufprall)的措施,在车门内部还设置额外的连接梁,其呈所谓的车门碰撞支架形式。由此可以避免碰撞对象挤入车辆内部空间。这种类型的支承构件由可延展的金属材料制成,所述金属材料一方面带来和保持防止挤入的必要的负载水平,然而另一方面因其高密度而相应不利地具有高重量。
现有技术
已知的解决方案包括开放和闭合的由金属制成、例如钢和铝制成的波纹型材,所述波纹型材固定地连接在门内侧上,并且在碰撞情况下类似于门铰链与门锁之间的拉弦杆一样克服朝向车辆内部空间方向的力,并且由此避免碰撞对象的挤入。
例如在文献DE 10 2012 024 568 A1中描述了一种用于汽车的车门。所述车门具有门支承元件,在所述门支承元件上固定有门蒙皮,所述门蒙皮通过壳构造形式、构造有外部门蒙皮件和内部门蒙皮件,其中,至少一个门蒙皮件由金属材料制成。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,尽可能成本低廉地提供一种用于制造轻质结构支承构件的方法,其中,支承构件必须满足针对车门的门碰撞支架的要求,并且与现有技术中已知的技术方案相比具有明显的重量下降。
根据本发明,为此建议了一种用于制造由纤维复合塑料组分和金属组分拉挤成型(pultrudiert)的支承构件的方法。所述方法根据本发明至少具有以下步骤:
a)将纤维材料的多个纤维牵引入浸渍设备;和
b)利用基质材料对纤维进行浸渍;和
c)将通过基质材料浸渍过的纤维导入拉挤工具中,其中,被浸渍的纤维被拉挤;和
d)使基质材料在拉挤工具中硬化。
此外还具有创造性地规定,在步骤a)的过程中和/或在步骤b)的过程中和/或在步骤c)的过程中加入金属元件、例如呈金属带形式的金属元件,并且在此构成金属组分。纤维复合塑料组分与金属组分组合成拉挤成型的支承构件,或者说通过两个组分的组合构成支承构件。在此还可以设置两个以上的组分。
支承构件可以涉及车身件的支承结构或车身的门碰撞支架或门碰撞支架的部分。车身件可以例如设计为车门。此外,支承构件还可以涉及具有类似要求的构件。例如支承构件必须具有可延展的性质,以便能够带来并保持克服碰撞对象挤入的必要的负载水平。此外,支承构件还应该符合汽车技术在车身结构中的一般要求并且由此具有尽可能小的重量。
根据本发明,拉挤成型的支承结构由此制造为混合构造件或呈混合构造形式。对此应理解为,在根据本发明的方法中至少两个组分、也即纤维复合塑料组分和金属组分被构造或者说被制造,并且这样成型和组合,使得两个组分共同构成支承构件。
拉挤成型是用于连续制造纤维塑料复合型材的制造方法。拉挤成型法也称为挤拉成型法。在此,纤维材料或纤维材料的纤维被基质材料浸润或浸渍,并且随后在拉挤工具中硬化。在拉挤工具中形成构件的横截面。
以下将纤维复合塑料简称为FVK,并且纤维复合塑料组分被简称为FVK组分。纤维材料可以例如通过连续纤维粗纱或作为纱线或捻线或其他织物半成品、例如单向或多向的织物被提供。优选地,纤维材料具有玻璃纤维和/或碳纤维,或由玻璃纤维和/或碳纤维组成。
基质材料可以是热塑性或热固性基质材料。
在步骤a)中,纤维材料的纤维借助纤维导入单元导入或引入。例如纤维导入单元可以是滚子或线轴或由多个滚子或多个线轴组成。在浸渍设备中,纤维材料的被引入的纤维被基质材料浸渍,例如沉入基质材料中或被基质材料灌注。可选地,纤维和/或基质材料还可以在浸渍设备内部在浸渍之前或在浸渍过程中受热或者说被加热。
具有创造性的是,上述方法设计为连续过程。对此应该理解为,各个方法步骤先后依次、同时或部分重叠地以连贯的顺序实施。
通过根据本发明的方法实现了功能专属的轻质结构,为此,不同的材料配合件或两个组分的单独功能有利地结合并且由此形成理想的轻质结构。在门碰撞支架的实施例中,例如任务和功能以特别适宜的方式的分配。FVK组分用于所需的阻力矩,其中,金属组分利用其延展性确保用于长时间保持该阻力的必要的强度。此外,所述制造方法应该成本低廉地实现,因为不需要单独的制造步骤、例如单独制造金属组分和随后利用塑料进行涂覆。所述制造方法可以以连续的方法流程和由此特别成本低廉地实施。
优选地,金属元件在步骤b)中的浸渍之前被加入。然而至少在基质材料上且呈液态的时候就加入金属元件。特别优选地,金属元件在步骤a)和/或步骤b)的过程中和由此在步骤c)之前就被加入。完全特别优选地,金属元件在步骤a)的过程中和由此在步骤b)之前就被加入。例如金属元件可以连同纤维材料的纤维一起被引入。在此,纤维材料的纤维以及金属元件通过适当方式在引入之前或引入过程中被布置,从而能够构成并且接合两个组分。还优选地规定,FVK组分借助基质材料与金属组分接合。基质材料由此可以同时作为两个组分、也即FVK组分和金属组分之间的连接体或连接材料使用。
优选地,金属元件至少局部围绕纤维材料的纤维布置。特别优选地,金属元件在此完全围绕纤维材料的纤维布置。在此,金属元件可以布置为,由此形成的金属组分包围FVK组分。这具有的优点在于,所形成的支承构件能够通过特别合适的方式嵌合进金属环境中,并且同时轻质结构组分、也即FVK组分功能完好地集成。
优选地,纤维材料的被浸渍的纤维在步骤c)中结合或同时与被导入的金属元件一起拉出。对此应理解为,纤维材料的被浸渍的纤维和金属元件共同被拉挤且成型。这由此为了制造拉挤成型的组合式支承构件仅需要唯一一个方法过程。不需要独立的或者说先后依次且相互分散的生产步骤。
优选地,纤维在步骤a)中以干燥状态被导入。此外优选地规定,FVK组分和/或金属组分构造有中空结构和/或侧凹的横截面。作为备选或补充,还可以设置用于两个组分的其他合适的设计可能性或造型。
根据本发明,此外还提供一种由FVK组分和金属组分拉挤成型的支承构件,其中,金属组分围绕FVK组分布置。由此规定FVK组分作为内部组分而金属组分作为外部组分。优选地,FVK组分完全被金属组分包围。
此外还优选地规定,支承构件构造成用于实施为车门的车身件的门碰撞支架或构造成车身件的支承结构。
支承构件优选按照前述方法制成。
根据本发明,此外还提供一种用于车辆的车身件,所述车身件具有上述支承构件或者说按照所述方法制成的支承构件。车身件尤其可以构造为车门。
附图说明
以下借助优选实施方式对本发明进行示例性阐述。示意性地在附图中:
图1示出用于制造由FVK组分和金属组分拉挤成型的支承构件的方法的各个方法步骤的原理图,
图2示出拉挤成型的支承构件,和
图3示出具有拉挤成型的支承构件的车身件。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出用于制造拉挤成型的支承构件的单独方法步骤的原理图。在此,首先将纤维材料13的纤维12连同金属元件17一起引入浸渍设备14中。在浸渍设备4内部将纤维12利用基质材料15浸渍。在下一个步骤中,被基质材料15浸渍的纤维12输入拉挤工具16中,其中,被浸渍的纤维12被拉挤并且成型为FVK组分10。同时,金属组分11在拉挤工具16中成型,并且借助基质材料15与FVK组分接合。在基质材料15硬化之后可以将拉挤成型完成的呈混合构造的支承构件100取出。
在图2中示出了拉挤成型的支承构件100,其由FVK组分10和金属组分11组成。金属组分11完全包围FVK组分10。由此通过金属组分11构成支承构件100的外部组分并且通过FVK组分10构成支承构件100的内部组分。因为支承构件100在外部通过金属组分11构成,支承构件100能够以特别合适的方式安置在车身件200(在图2中未示出)上或集成在金属环境中。此外,外部的金属组分还确保了用于内部的FVK组分的必要的延展性和保护作用。通过内部的FVK组分可以以轻质构造方式制备支承构件100。此外,内部的FVK组分确保了必要的阻力矩、局部的加固和由此在更大的宽度或者说表面上特别适合的负载分布。
支承构件100可以例如构造为用于车门的门碰撞支架。
图3示出在带有支承构件100的车门的实施例中的车身件200。
附图标记清单
100 支承构件
200 车身件
10 纤维复合塑料组分
11 金属组分
12 纤维
13 纤维材料
14 浸渍设备
15 基质材料
16 拉挤工具
17 金属元件
Claims (11)
1.一种用于制造由纤维复合塑料组分(10)和金属组分(11)拉挤成型的支承构件(100)的方法,其中,所述方法至少包括以下步骤:
a)将纤维材料(13)的多个纤维(12)牵引入浸渍设备(14);和
b)利用基质材料(15)对纤维(12)进行浸渍;和
c)将被基质材料(15)浸渍的纤维(12)导入拉挤工具(16)中,其中,被浸渍的纤维(12)被拉挤;和
d)使基质材料(15)在拉挤工具(16)中硬化,
其特征在于,在步骤a)和/或步骤b)和/或步骤c)的过程中金属元件(17)被加入并且构成金属组分(11),其中,纤维复合塑料组分(10)与金属组分(11)相接合从而构成为拉挤成型的支承构件(100)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,金属元件(17)在步骤b)中的浸渍之前被加入,或者在基质材料(15)尚为液态时被加入。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,纤维复合塑料组分(10)借助基质材料(15)与金属组分(11)接合。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,金属元件(17)至少局部围绕纤维(12)布置。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,被浸渍的纤维(12)在步骤c)中连同输入的金属元件(17)一起被拉出。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,纤维(12)在步骤a)中以干燥状态被导入。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,纤维复合塑料组分(10)和/或金属组分(11)构成具有空心结构和/或侧凹的横截面。
8.一种由纤维复合塑料组分(10)和金属组分(11)拉挤成型的支承构件(100),其特征在于,金属组分(11)围绕纤维复合塑料组分(10)布置。
9.根据权利要求8所述的拉挤成型的支承构件(100),其特征在于,所述支承构件构造成用于实施为车门的车身件(200)的门碰撞支架或构造成车身件(200)的支承结构。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的拉挤成型的支承构件(100),其特征在于,支承构件(100)根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述方法制成。
11.一种用于车辆的车身件(200),其特征在于,所述车身件(200)具有根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的支承构件(100)。
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