CN107999130B - 一种双环戊二烯/n-乙烯基咪唑共聚物型酯水解催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种双环戊二烯/n-乙烯基咪唑共聚物型酯水解催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107999130B
CN107999130B CN201610961421.XA CN201610961421A CN107999130B CN 107999130 B CN107999130 B CN 107999130B CN 201610961421 A CN201610961421 A CN 201610961421A CN 107999130 B CN107999130 B CN 107999130B
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徐伟箭
黄勇
陈树
孙荣华
黄彩凤
欧恩才
彭昌
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种双环戊二烯/N‑乙烯基咪唑共聚物型酯水解催化剂及其制备方法。本发明以双环戊二烯DCPD和N‑乙烯基咪唑Vim为原料,在引发剂作用下共聚得到双环戊二烯/N‑乙烯基咪唑共聚物型酯水解催化剂。其作为一种负载型酯水解催化剂,对对硝基苯乙酸酯(NPA)水解具备很高的选择性,其性质稳定,催化活性高。

Description

一种双环戊二烯/N-乙烯基咪唑共聚物型酯水解催化剂及其 制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于石油化工技术领域,具体地说,涉及一种双环戊二烯/N-乙烯基咪唑共聚物型酯水解催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
N-乙烯基咪唑(Vim)是一类含有活泼咪唑基团的功能单体,其结构特殊,分子结构中乙烯基团直接跟咪唑环的氮原子相连,跟丙烯酰胺类结构不同的是,乙烯基团跟羰基为不共轭结构。它的这些分子特性使其在离子液体、分离、医药以及催化领域等都有很好的应用,而聚N-乙烯基咪唑(PVim)是一种弱碱性线性聚合物,其分子链上含有叔胺官能团,具有离子交换、络合行为、催化活性、生物生理活性和耐热等一系列特性。其中在催化领域,已经证实PVim中的咪唑环能够催化对硝基苯乙酸酯(NPA)水解形成对硝基苯酚和乙酸。因此,利用N-乙烯基咪唑的均聚物(European polymer journal,1992,28(3):267-270)、随机共聚物(Macromolecules,2004,37(21):7879-7883)以及聚合物互穿网络(Journal of theAmerican Chemical Society,1966,88(6):1184-1188)可以作为水溶性的催化剂,并且已经证明PVim在形成一个基体负载催化剂的体系中对酯水解具备很高的选择性(Macromolecules,2007,40(10):3538-3546)。
为了提高PVim类催化剂的催化速率以及稳定性,现有技术主要通过对咪唑基团改性共聚达成目的,如Khokhov等人制备了N-乙烯基咪唑单体(Vim)与N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)单体的共聚物PNIPAM-PVim,并研究了该材料对NPA水解的催化性能,虽然能形成很好的胶束,使得催化效率提高,但是由于PNIPAM受温度影响较大,随着温度上升,PNIPAM-PVim胶束反而变得不稳定,致使催化效果下降很明显(Macromolecular,2003,36(19):7308-7323)。而考虑到上面的共聚物的效果不好,Patrickios等人利用含咪唑的丙烯酸单体与另一种丙烯酸单体进行聚合得到PImEMA-PDMAEMA共聚合物,他们的初衷是聚合物在自组装过程中形成含咪唑基团的胶束,这样疏水性的NPA会聚集到含咪唑的胶束上,从而加速NPA催化反应的速率。但是PImEMA-PDMAEMA在胶束化过程中由于疏水能力不是很强,胶束不易成型,因此,催化效果反而更差,并且PDMAEMA本身也具有弱碱性,同样能催化反应的进行(Macromolecules,1998,31(25):9075-9077)。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种双环戊二烯/N-乙烯基咪唑共聚物型酯水解催化剂及其制备方法。本发明的双环戊二烯/N-乙烯基咪唑共聚物型酯水解催化剂因在溶液中能够形成稳定胶束,其稳定性和催化效率大幅提高。对对硝基苯乙酸酯(NPA)的水解来说,PDCPD/PVim同时具备很高的选择性。
本发明中采用疏水性更强的双环戊二烯单体(DCPD)与N-乙烯基咪唑(Vim)单体共聚,制备出双环戊二烯/N-乙烯基咪唑共聚物(PDCPD/PVim),作为负载型催化剂,催化NPA的酯水解。本发明开发的PDCPD/PVim共聚物能够在溶液中形成稳定胶束,作为负载型酯水解催化剂,相当于纳米反应器,而且能够自催化,从而能够提高反应的效率。同时NPA是一个疏水的物质,在NPA加入到溶液当中时,由于疏水效应,它会迅速吸附到胶束表面,这样胶束周围的NPA浓度就比水相中的浓度要大得多,富集在PDCPD/PVim胶束周围的NPA就被胶束的PVim催化水解,释放水溶性产物乙酸和对硝基苯酚到溶液当中。很好的解决了咪唑类聚合物在催化稳定性、催化速率等方面的技术难题。
本发明技术方案具体介绍如下。
本发明提供一种双环戊二烯/N-乙烯基咪唑共聚物型酯水解催化剂,其结构式如下:
Figure BDA0001144599630000021
其中:m、n为聚合度。优选的,m、n的数值范围在10-105之间。
优选的,双环戊二烯/N-乙烯基咪唑共聚物中聚环戊二烯、聚N-乙烯基咪唑数均分子量分别在103-106之间。
本发明还提供一种上述的双环戊二烯/N-乙烯基咪唑共聚物型酯水解催化剂的制备方法,其以双环戊二烯DCPD和N-乙烯基咪唑Vim为原料,在引发剂作用下共聚得到。具体步骤如下:
1)将称取好的双环戊二烯(DCPD)、N-乙烯基咪唑(Vim)、引发剂偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)和有机溶剂依次加入到聚合反应器,搅拌至溶解后通入氮气除氧,常压下进行反应,生成双环戊二烯和N-乙烯基咪唑的共聚物;原料双环戊二烯:N-乙烯基咪唑的摩尔比为1:0.1-10引发剂偶氮二异丁腈含量为单体的物质的量0.1-5%,聚合反应温度为40-90℃,反应时间为4-72h;
2)迅速冷却猝灭自由基停止反应,由步骤1)得到的反应产物加入过量甲醇溶液中,立即变成浑浊的悬浮液,8000r/min高速离心机离心,再用甲醇重复洗涤三次,最后真空干燥至恒重,得到双环戊二烯/N-乙烯基咪唑(PDCPD/PVim)共聚物。
上述步骤1)所述有机溶剂包括二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、四氢呋喃或二氧六环中的一种或几种。
上述步骤1)所述引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈AIBN。
上述步骤1)中,所述原料双环戊二烯与N-乙烯基咪唑的摩尔比为1∶10~10:1,引发剂偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)含量为单体的物质的量为0.5-2%,聚合反应温度为40~90℃,反应时间为4-12h。优选的,双环戊二烯与N-乙烯基咪唑的摩尔比为1∶1~1:2,聚合反应温度最好为60~70℃,反应时间最好为10-15h。
和现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:本发明制备方法简单,得到的双环戊二烯/N-乙烯基咪唑共聚物型酯水解催化剂性质稳定,对对硝基苯乙酸酯(NPA)水解具备很高的选择性,催化活性高。
附图说明
图1是聚合物PDCPD/PVim催化NPA水解的路线图。
图2是PVim以及PDCPD-PVim催化NPA水解催化反应速率跟温度倒数的关系图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图对本发明作进一步说明,以充分说明本发明的目的、技术特征和技术效果。下面的实施例用于对本发明的制备和应用进行具体说明。实施例并不意味本发明的适用范围限制在实施例叙述的条件内。
实施例中,双环戊二烯/N-乙烯基咪唑(PDCPD/PVim)共聚物的化学反应方程式如下:
Figure BDA0001144599630000031
实施例1-4
将称取好双环戊二烯(DCPD)、N-乙烯基咪唑(Vim)、引发剂偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)和溶剂依次加入到聚合反应器,搅拌至溶解后通入氮气除氧,常压下进行反应,生成双环戊二烯和N-乙烯基咪唑的共聚物,迅速冷却猝灭自由基停止反应,加入过量甲醇溶液变成浑浊的悬浮液,8000r/min高速离心机离心,再用甲醇重复洗涤三次,最后真空干燥至恒重,得到双环戊二烯/N-乙烯基咪唑(PDCPD/PVim)共聚物。实施条件及结果见表1。
表1
Figure BDA0001144599630000041
应用实施例
聚合物PDCPD/PVim催化NPA水解的路线图如图1所示。聚合物PDCPD/PVim的催化应用过程如下:
1mL的 2mg/mL的PDCPD/PVim聚合物DMF溶液和1mL的2mg/mL的NPA甲醇溶液加入到安瓿瓶中,于不同的温度条件下磁力搅拌,在相同的时间间隔后,加入去离子水稀释反应液,使之成同一浓度,再用注射器抽取0.1mL稀释液注入HPLC仪器进行测试并记录相关数据。由于NPA水解后生成对硝基苯酚和乙酸,因此,我们可以通过测试对硝基苯酚的浓度来衡量催化反应的效果。应用测试结果见图2。
图2对比了聚合物PDCPD-PVim以及PVim对NPA的水解催化性能,在测试的温度范围内,聚合物PDCPD-PVim相比均聚物PVim对NPA表现出更高的催化活性,可以看出,在测试的最低温度下可以分别计算出两者的催化反应速率值,聚合物是均聚物的1.5倍,并且聚合物InV~T-1曲线的斜率要大于均聚物,在测试的温度范围内聚合物PS-PVim以及均聚物PVim对NPA的催化水解速率都基本符合阿伦尼乌斯方程曲线。因此,随着温度的上升,聚合物PS-PVim的水解催化比均聚物PVim要更高效,这是因为在溶液中形成的聚合物胶束相当于一个自催化的纳米反应器,从而能够提高反应的效率。同时NPA是一个疏水的物质,在NPA加入到溶液当中时,由于疏水效应,它会迅速吸附到胶束表面,这样胶束周围的NPA浓度就比水相中的浓度要大得多,富集在胶束周围的NPA就被胶束的PVim催化水解,释放水溶性产物乙酸和对硝基苯酚到溶液当中。
上述实施例仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种双环戊二烯/N-乙烯基咪唑共聚物型酯水解催化剂,其特征在于,其结构式如下:
Figure FDA0003246142470000011
其中:m、n表示聚合度;m、n的数值范围在10-105之间;双环戊二烯/N-乙烯基咪唑共聚物中聚环戊二烯、聚N-乙烯基咪唑数均分子量分别在103-106之间。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的双环戊二烯/N-乙烯基咪唑共聚物型酯水解催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,其以双环戊二烯DCPD和N-乙烯基咪唑Vim为原料,在引发剂作用下共聚得到。
3.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,双环戊二烯与N-乙烯基咪唑的摩尔比为1:10~10:1。
4.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,聚合反应温度为40~90℃,反应时间为4-72h。
5.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈AIBN。
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