CN107998183B - 壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体及其制备方法 - Google Patents
壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及保健食品的技术领域,具体而言,本发明公开了一种壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体及其制备方法,该制备方法为以大豆卵磷脂和胆固醇为膜材,采用乙醇注入法制备桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体,用壳聚糖修饰脂质体,得到壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体。本发明制备所得的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体包埋率为35.04~88.10%,粒径为74.14~116.47nm。本发明提高了桂花苯乙醇苷的稳定性,同时使桂花苯乙醇苷具有缓释的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及保健食品的技术领域,具体涉及一种壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体及其制备方法。
背景技术
本发明人前期的发明专利201410043501.8公开了一种桂花苯乙醇苷提取物,其中苯乙醇总苷含量为30~90%(重量%),毛蕊花糖苷含量为25~80%(重量%)。苯乙醇苷具有抗炎、防紫外线、保护神经、抗肿瘤的等药理作用,可应用于医药、保健品、食品、化妆品等领域。由于毛蕊花糖苷在热、弱碱性和生理环境下易降解,不易被人体吸收,摄入体内消除快,口服生物利用度低,这些问题在一定程度上限制了其在食品和医药中的应用。
脂质体具有良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性和无毒性等特点,可以运载药物、营养物质、功能因子等物质。研究表明脂质体能有效提高药物和功能因子的生物利用度、增强其稳定性、延长在体内的循环时间、实现缓释性等优点。但脂质体结构不稳定,存在对热敏感,贮藏过程中粒径变大、聚集、芯材渗漏等问题。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体及其制备方法。本发明提高了桂花苯乙醇苷的稳定性,同时使桂花苯乙醇苷具有缓释的作用。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体的制备方法:以大豆卵磷脂和胆固醇为膜材,采用乙醇注入法制备桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体,用壳聚糖修饰脂质体,得到壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体。
作为本发明的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体的制备方法的改进,依次包括以下步骤:
1)、原料:以桂花苯乙醇苷、大豆卵磷脂、胆固醇、壳聚糖为原料;
2)、将大豆卵磷脂、胆固醇和桂花苯乙醇苷按1:0.05~0.25:0.05~0.5的质量比混合,溶解于无水乙醇中,得到脂质乙醇溶液;
所述大豆卵磷脂与无水乙醇的料液比为1g:40~60mL(较佳为1g:50mL);
3)、将步骤2)得到的脂质乙醇溶液注入(迅速注入)磷酸缓冲液中,得到桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体悬液;
所述脂质乙醇溶液与磷酸缓冲液的体积比为1:1.8~2.2;
4)、将步骤3)得到的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体悬液旋转蒸发除去乙醇,得到桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体溶液(桂花苯乙醇苷纳米脂质体溶液);
5)、按照1~5mg壳聚糖/1ml的料液比,在冰醋酸水溶液中加入壳聚糖(磁力搅拌溶解),得到壳聚糖溶液;
所述冰醋酸水溶液中,冰醋酸的体积含量为0.8~1.2%(较佳为1%);
6)、将步骤4)得到的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体溶液在磁力搅拌下加入(滴加,滴加时间为20~30分钟)至步骤5)的壳聚糖溶液中,室温孵育2±0.5h,得到壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体;
大豆卵磷脂与壳聚糖的重量比为1:0.1~0.5。
作为本发明的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体的制备方法的进一步改进:
所述磷酸缓冲液是pH值6.0、浓度为0.01M的磷酸盐缓冲液。
作为本发明的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体的制备方法的进一步改进:
所述步骤3)中:脂质乙醇溶液与磷酸缓冲液的体积比为1:2。
作为本发明的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体的制备方法的进一步改进:
以大豆卵磷脂1g、桂花苯乙醇苷0.10g、胆固醇0.10g和200mg壳聚糖作为原料。
本发明还同时提供了利用上述方法制备而得的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体:所述壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体包埋率为35.04~88.10%,粒径为74.14~116.47nm。
本发明采用在脂质体外包覆壳聚糖外衣的方式;壳聚糖属于天然阳离子型多糖,可与阴离子脂质体发生静电作用,壳聚糖在脂质体外形成包覆层,能有效防止脂质体颗粒聚集,增加脂质体缓释效果,提高脂质体的稳定性。
本发明具有如下技术优势:
1)、提供一种来源广泛、生物相容性好、质量可控的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体。
2)、提高了桂花苯乙醇苷的稳定性,同时具有缓释的作用。
3)、本发明配方简单,制备过程安全方便;本发明工艺操作简便,可重复性高,反应条件温和,
4)、得到的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体质量优,品质稳定。
附图说明
图1是壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体透射电镜图。
图2是桂花苯乙醇苷体外释放曲线。
图3是桂花苯乙醇苷和壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体的稳定性:
注:1组(普通条件):温度20℃,pH值5,黑暗;
2组(高温条件):温度50℃,pH值5,黑暗;
3组(光照条件):温度20℃,pH值5,光照;
4组(碱性条件):温度20℃,pH值9,黑暗。
*表示与桂花苯乙醇苷比较,P<0.05。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。
通用方法
1)桂花苯乙醇苷提取物中毛蕊花糖苷含量测定-超高效液相色谱(UHPLC):
桂花苯乙醇苷提取物加入2%(体积%)乙酸溶液溶解,制成500μg/mL溶液,过0.22μm膜,进样。超高效液相色谱仪器:安捷伦1290超高效液相,1290紫外检测器,XDB C18柱(2.1mm×150mm,3.5μm i.d.);流动相:乙腈,0.01%甲酸溶液;检测波长:330nm;流速:0.2mL/min;柱温:25℃;进样体积2μL。以毛蕊花糖苷为标准品,根据保留时间定性,根据峰面积外标法定量。
2)包埋率测定(以毛蕊花糖苷计)
毛蕊花糖苷总包埋量的测定:
取适量样品加入1%乙酸水:甲醇(1:1,V/V)溶液5mL,超声10min,10000rpm离心10min,取上清液定容至10mL,测定毛蕊花糖苷总包埋量。
游离毛蕊花糖苷含量的测定:
取等量样品置于超速离心管中,4000rpm离心60min,加入2mLPBS,4000rpm离心40min,取超滤离心管外管液体定容至10mL,测定游离毛蕊花糖苷含量。
毛蕊花糖苷包埋率的计算:
计算公式如下:
式中:m0是游离毛蕊花糖苷含量,g;m1是毛蕊花糖苷总包埋量,g。
3)粒径和电位测定
将样品混悬于磷酸缓冲液,稀释数倍,用纳米粒度仪测定粒径和Zeta电位。
4)透射电镜分析
将样品溶液滴加到电镜制样铜网上,自然挥干水分,2%磷钨酸溶液进行染色,多余的样品用滤纸除去,用透射电镜对其表面形态进行观察。
实施例1:
称取大豆卵磷脂1g,胆固醇0.05g,桂花苯乙醇苷0.5g,溶解于50mL无水乙醇中,超声10min,得到均一的脂质乙醇溶液。将脂质乙醇溶液迅速注入2倍体积的磷酸缓冲液(pH值为6.0,浓度为0.01M的磷酸缓冲液)中,得到桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体悬液。将悬液减压浓缩(0.010MPa,温度为40℃),回收乙醇,得到桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体溶液(桂花苯乙醇苷纳米脂质体溶液)。称取100mg壳聚糖溶解(磁力搅拌溶解)于100mL 1%(体积%)冰醋酸溶液中,得到壳聚糖溶液。将上述脂质体溶液滴加至(滴加时间为20~30分钟)壳聚糖溶液中,整个过程中磁力搅拌器搅拌速度为500rpm/min,混合溶液室温孵育2h,得到壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体。
对壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体进行包埋率和粒径测定,结果包埋率为43.45%,粒径为74.65nm。
实施例1-1、将实施例1中的“胆固醇0.05g”改成“胆固醇0.10g”,其余同实施例1。
所得的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体中包埋率为56.79%,粒径为79.96nm。
实施例1-2、将实施例1中的“胆固醇0.05g”改成“胆固醇0.15g”,其余同实施例1。
所得的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体中包埋率为52.62%,粒径为79.10nm。
实施例1-3、将实施例1中的“胆固醇0.05g”改成“胆固醇0.20g”,其余同实施例1。
所得的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体中包埋率为47.79%,粒径为81.93nm。
实施例1-4、将实施例1中的“胆固醇0.05g”改成“胆固醇0.25g”,其余同实施例1。
所得的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体中包埋率为35.04%,粒径为96.80nm。
包埋率越大,制备的脂质体性能越佳,上述案例所得的脂质体包埋率大小依次为:实施例1-1>实施例1-2>实施例1-3>实施例1>实施例1-4。
实施例2:
称取大豆卵磷脂1g,桂花苯乙醇苷0.05g,胆固醇0.10g,溶解于50mL无水乙醇中,超声10min,得到均一的脂质乙醇溶液。将脂质乙醇溶液迅速注入2倍体积的磷酸缓冲液(pH值为6.0,浓度为0.01M的磷酸缓冲液)中,得到桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体悬液。将悬液减压浓缩(0.010MPa,温度为40℃),回收乙醇,得到桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体溶液(桂花苯乙醇苷纳米脂质体溶液)。称取100mg壳聚糖溶解于100mL 1%冰醋酸溶液中,得到壳聚糖溶液。将脂质体溶液逐滴加入壳聚糖溶液中,整个过程中磁力搅拌器搅拌速度为500rpm/min,混合溶液室温孵育2h,得到壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体。
对壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体进行包埋率和粒径测定,结果包埋率为86.10%,粒径为74.14nm。
实施例2-1、将实施例2中的“桂花苯乙醇苷0.05g”改成“桂花苯乙醇苷0.10g”,其余同实施例2。
所得的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体中包埋率为87.06%,粒径为79.62nm。
实施例2-2、将实施例2中的“桂花苯乙醇苷0.05g”改成“桂花苯乙醇苷0.20g”,其余同实施例2。
所得的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体中包埋率为76.33%,粒径为78.37nm。
实施例2-3、将实施例2中的“桂花苯乙醇苷0.05g”改成“桂花苯乙醇苷0.30g”,其余同实施例2。
所得的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体中包埋率为68.70%,粒径为76.00nm。
实施例2-4、将实施例2中的“桂花苯乙醇苷0.05g”改成“桂花苯乙醇苷0.40g”,其余同实施例2。
所得的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体中包埋率为58.67%,粒径为79.06nm。
上述案例所得的脂质体包埋率大小依次为:实施例2-1>实施例2>实施例2-2>实施例2-3>对比例2-4。
实施例3:
称取大豆卵磷脂1g,桂花苯乙醇苷0.10g,胆固醇0.10g,溶解于50mL无水乙醇中,超声10min,得到均一的脂质乙醇溶液。将脂质乙醇溶液迅速注入2倍体积的磷酸缓冲液(pH值为6.0,浓度为0.01M的磷酸缓冲液)中,得到桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体悬液。将悬液减压浓缩(0.010MPa,温度为40℃),回收乙醇,得到桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体溶液(桂花苯乙醇苷纳米脂质体溶液)。称取200mg壳聚糖溶解于100mL 1%冰醋酸溶液中,得到壳聚糖溶液。将上述脂质体溶液逐滴加入壳聚糖溶液中,整个过程中磁力搅拌器搅拌速度为500rpm/min,混合溶液室温孵育2h,得到壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体。
对壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体进行包埋率和粒径测定,结果包埋率为89.10%,粒径为84.61nm。
实施例3-1、将实施例3中的“200mg壳聚糖”改成“300mg壳聚糖”,其余同实施例3。
所得的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体中包埋率为85.77%,粒径为94.06nm。
实施例3-2、将实施例3中的“200mg壳聚糖”改成“400mg壳聚糖”,其余同实施例3。
所得的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体中包埋率为85.54%,粒径为105.37nm。
实施例3-3、将实施例3中的“200mg壳聚糖”改成“500mg壳聚糖”,其余同实施例3。
所得的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体中包埋率为84.41%,粒径为116.47nm。
上述案例所得的脂质体包埋率大小依次为:实施例3>实施例3-1>实施例3-2>实施例3-3。
实验一:
实施例3中制备得到的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体分别稀释10倍和1000倍用于Zeta电位和透射电镜分析。
壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体的Zeta电位为10.1mV。如图1所示,结果表明壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体呈球形,具有较好的形貌、分散性和均匀度。
实验二、
实施例2-1和实施例3中制备得到的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体和桂花苯乙醇苷取1mL置于透析袋内(分子量10kDa),透析袋浸没于50mL PBS溶液中,恒温振荡器设置转速100rpm,温度为37.0±0.5℃。分别于0.25,0.5,1,2,4,6,8,12,24,48h更换PBS溶液并测定释放介质中毛蕊花糖苷含量。
计算累积释放百分率,绘制体外释放曲线。如图2所示,4h时苯乙醇苷溶液累积释放达94.60%,此时实施例2-1制备的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体累积释放达60.06%,高于实施例3制备的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体(54.82%),而24h时累加释放量达77.62%低于实施例3(82.77%),壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体延缓了苯乙醇苷的释放,实施例3制备的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体缓释性优于实施例2-1制备的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体。
实验三:
对实施例2-1和实施例3中制备得到的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体和桂花苯乙醇苷进行热、光、酸碱等稳定性考察。
分为以下4组:
1组(普通条件):温度20℃,pH值5,黑暗;
2组(高温条件):温度50℃,pH值5,黑暗;
3组(光照条件):温度20℃,pH值5,光照;
4组(碱性条件):温度20℃,pH值9,黑暗。
1组和3组于0,7,15,30,45,60天取样;2组于0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7天取样,4组于0,0.125,0.25,0.5,1,2天取样,测定溶液中毛蕊花糖苷含量。
如图3a所示,60天时,实施例3制备的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体中毛蕊花糖苷保留率为39.84%,实施例2-1保留率为32.95%,高于桂花苯乙醇苷(2.73%);如图3b所示,7天时,实施例3制备的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体中毛蕊花糖苷保留率为21.04%,相较实施例2-1高出5.87%,高出桂花苯乙醇苷14.17%;如图3c所示,60天时,实施例3壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体中毛蕊花糖苷保留率为13.42%,高于实施例2-1(6.19%),高出桂花苯乙醇苷7.23%;如图3d所示,2天时,实施例3制备的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体中毛蕊花糖苷保留率为16.57%,高于实施例2-1(11.57%)和桂花苯乙醇苷(4.11%)。结果表明壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体增加了苯乙醇苷的热、光、酸碱稳定性,且实施例3制备的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体稳定性优于实施例2-1制备的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体。
最后,还需要注意的是,以上列举的仅是本发明的若干个具体实施例。显然,本发明不限于以上实施例,还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形,均应认为是本发明的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1.壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体的制备方法,其特征是:以大豆卵磷脂和胆固醇为膜材,采用乙醇注入法制备桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体,用壳聚糖修饰脂质体,得到壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体;
依次包括以下步骤:
1)、原料:以大豆卵磷脂1g、桂花苯乙醇苷0.10g、胆固醇0.10g和200mg壳聚糖作为原料;
2)、将大豆卵磷脂、胆固醇和桂花苯乙醇苷混合,溶解于无水乙醇中,得到脂质乙醇溶液;
所述大豆卵磷脂与无水乙醇的料液比为1g:40~60mL;
3)、将步骤2)得到的脂质乙醇溶液注入磷酸缓冲液中,得到桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体悬液;
所述脂质乙醇溶液与磷酸缓冲液的体积比为1:1.8~2.2;
所述磷酸缓冲液是pH值6.0、浓度为0.01M的磷酸盐缓冲液;
4)、将步骤3)得到的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体悬液旋转蒸发除去乙醇,得到桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体溶液;
5)、按照1~5mg壳聚糖/1ml的料液比,在冰醋酸水溶液中加入壳聚糖,得到壳聚糖溶液;
所述冰醋酸水溶液中,冰醋酸的体积含量为0.8~1.2%;
6)、将步骤4)得到的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体溶液在磁力搅拌下加入至步骤5)的壳聚糖溶液中,室温孵育2±0.5h,得到壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体的制备方法,其特征是:
所述步骤3)中:脂质乙醇溶液与磷酸缓冲液的体积比为1:2。
3.利用权利要求1或2所述方法制备而得的壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体,其特征在于:所述壳聚糖包覆的桂花苯乙醇苷脂质体包埋率为35.04~88.10%,粒径为74.14~116.47nm。
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