CN107991208A - The method for reducing barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage - Google Patents
The method for reducing barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage Download PDFInfo
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- CN107991208A CN107991208A CN201711164529.7A CN201711164529A CN107991208A CN 107991208 A CN107991208 A CN 107991208A CN 201711164529 A CN201711164529 A CN 201711164529A CN 107991208 A CN107991208 A CN 107991208A
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- Prior art keywords
- oil droplet
- supporting rack
- circular ring
- ring shape
- shape supporting
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N2015/0003—Determining electric mobility, velocity profile, average speed or velocity of a plurality of particles
Abstract
The method for reducing barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage, causes oil droplet influence of unbalance power to bring the influence to measuring oil droplet balanced voltage, technical solution is to reduce gas collisions:The method for reducing barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage, it is characterized in that:Reducing the air pressure of oil droplet chamber interior can ignore that the Brownian movement phenomenon of oil droplet, can ignore that and refers to that can't see oil droplet in the horizontal direction is drifting about, i.e., oil droplet is only moved in vertical direction.Beneficial effect is:Reducing the air pressure of oil droplet chamber interior can ignore that the Brownian movement phenomenon of oil droplet, be capable of the balanced voltage of more Accurate Determining oil droplet;It is balanced for oil droplet that the side of cylinder, which is uniformly distributed through hole to promote horizontal direction air flow, so as to avoid oil droplet movement caused by vacuumizing.
Description
The application is applicant's divisional application applied for a patent on December 8th, 2015, and former patent name " reduces barometric surveying
The method of Millikan oil drop balanced voltage ", the former patent No. " 201510895837.1 ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fields of measurement of physical quantity.
Background technology
When judging object receiving force balance, usually using object it is static or in linear uniform motion as judgement
Standard, whether most situation is all to judge whether stress object is in dynamic balance in static(It is 0 with joint efforts).
Spacing of the diameter of Millikan oil drop substantially between the order of magnitude of micron, air molecule is substantially in the quantity of nanometer
Level, when oil droplet is close to balance, oil droplet is equivalent to suspended particulate, is subject to the irregular collision of air molecule, oil droplet
Brownian movement occurs in grain, i.e., irregular random motion, causes the judgement of oil droplet stress balance relatively difficult.For bigger
Oil droplet, air molecule is smaller with respect to the gravity of oil droplet to the influence of unbalance power of oil droplet(I.e. quality is big, inertia is big), it suspends
When stability it is relatively good, but due to oil droplet is big, quality is big, by air molecule effect it is smaller, speed during whereabouts compares
It hurry up(The time fallen is shorter), the application condition for measuring its fall time is big(Physiological reaction speed 0.1 under one's control
Second, since oil droplet is relatively fine, the devices such as photoelectric door can not be used to carry out timing, laggard pedestrian is all generally amplified using microscope
To judge that its position and operation start timing and operation stopping timing);When oil droplet is smaller, collided by air molecule
The disequilibrium performance of effect is bigger, and Brownian movement is obvious, can not accurately determine if to be in equilibrium state, cause
The measurement error of balanced voltage is bigger.
The content of the invention
Oil droplet influence of unbalance power is caused to bring the influence to measuring oil droplet balanced voltage, the present invention to reduce gas collisions
Design a kind of method for reducing barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage.
The present invention realizes that the technical solution that goal of the invention uses is:Reduce the side of barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage
Method, it is characterized in that:Reducing the air pressure of oil droplet chamber interior can ignore that the Brownian movement phenomenon of oil droplet, can ignore that and refers in water
Square look up and to drift about less than oil droplet, is i.e. oil droplet(Due to being subject to electric field force and gravity)Only moved in vertical direction
It is dynamic;Oil droplet room falls oilhole sealing, and the bottom crown of oil droplet room and the lower end of the circular ring shape supporting rack of oil droplet room are in sealing state,
The upper end of the circular ring shape supporting rack of oil droplet room top crown and oil droplet room be in sealing state, circular ring shape supporting rack and peep hole and into
For unthreaded hole all in sealing state, there is the admission line of a through hole connection vacuum plant in the side of circular ring shape supporting rack.
There is a transparent hard cylinder on the inside of circular ring shape supporting rack, the height and circular ring shape supporting rack of cylinder are contour;
Cylinder has identical central axis with circular ring shape supporting rack, and outside diameter of cylinder is smaller 0.5-1mm than circular ring shape supporting rack internal diameter, i.e., round
Radial distance between on the inside of cylinder outside and circular ring shape supporting rack is 0.5-1mm, since cylinder and circular ring shape supporting rack have phase
With central axis, in cross section in the horizontal direction, cylinder has the identical center of circle, a diameter side with circular ring shape supporting rack
The difference of the outer radius of upward cylinder and the inner radius of circular ring shape supporting rack is exactly radial distance, and the side of cylinder is uniformly divided
Cloth through hole, the 5%-20% of a diameter of circular ring shape supporting rack side through-hole diameter of through hole.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:Reducing the air pressure of oil droplet chamber interior can ignore that the Brownian movement phenomenon of oil droplet,
It is capable of the balanced voltage of more Accurate Determining oil droplet;The side of cylinder, which is uniformly distributed through hole, can promote horizontal direction air flow pair
It is balanced for oil droplet, so as to avoid oil droplet movement caused by vacuumizing.It is a kind of common technology that vacuumizing, which reduces air pressure,
The concrete numerical value of its air pressure is not that patent of the present invention is of interest, as long as the present invention is it was observed that oil droplet is no inclined in the horizontal direction
Move, just can ignore that influence of the air pressure collision to balanced voltage measurement at this time, at this time adjustment voltage knob, make oil droplet perpendicular
Nogata is measured, then can gradually withdraw from vacuum returns to normal pressure at this time to balance is kept(It is existing from vacuum to normal pressure
What technology can solve).
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is Chengdu century Zhong Ke Instrument Ltd. experiment instrument block diagram, and Fig. 2 is oil droplet box device schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the device of balanced oil droplet indoor air flows;
Wherein 1, CCD boxes 2, power outlet 3, focusing knob 4, Q9 video interfaces 5, optical system 6, camera lens 7, peep hole
8th, top crown compression spring 9, light well 10, light source 11, acknowledgement key 12, status indicator lamp 13, balance and lifting switch key 14,0V and
Work switch key 15, periodically start over switch key 16, air level 17, voltage adjusting knob 18, holding screw 19, power supply and open
Close 20, oil droplet pipe storage box and place ring 21, levelling bolt (3);31st, atomizing nozzle, 32, oil inlet quantity switch, 33, hurricane globe,
34th, top crown, 35, oil droplet room, 36, bottom crown, 37, mist of oil cup, 38, fall oilhole, 39, cylinder, 40, through hole.
Embodiment
The prior art:
The oil droplet box of the prior art, generally cylindrical cross section, its underpart is bottom crown 36, and bottom crown provides an electricity for oil droplet box
Pole, is traditionally arranged to be anode, and the hollow space that cylindrical shape surrounds is the space of oil droplet suspension, is known as oil droplet room 35, oil droplet room 35
The height of inner space is generally 5 millimeters, and there are three sealed transparent holes in columnar side(Transparent material seals, saturating to illumination
It is bright, it is sealing for gas), one of them is peep hole 7, two other transparent apertures is light well 9, the light of light well 9
Top crown 34,34 upper surface top crown compression spring of top crown are covered according to from LED source 10, columnar top
8, top crown compression spring 8 provides an electrode for oil droplet box, is traditionally arranged to be cathode.The center of top crown 34 has one to fall oilhole
38, fall the aperture that oilhole 38 is 0.5 millimeter of diameter.Voltage adjusting knob 17 adjusts and is loaded into top crown 34 and bottom crown 36
Between voltage V, so as to adjust electric field E=V/5mm between top crown 34 and bottom crown 36.
There is circular ring shape hurricane globe 33 on the outside of oil droplet box, avoid outside air from flowing the influence to oil droplet, hurricane globe 33
Top is mist of oil cup 37, and mist of oil cup 37 is generally made of a circular cylinder, upper cover and bottom cover, there is atomizing nozzle in its side of circular cylinder
31, mist of oil cup 37 has upper cover and bottom cover, and upper cover, bottom cover and circular cylinder form cup-like structure, its bottom cover has hole, the hole of its bottom cover
By a sheet metal cover, sheet metal can be moved in the diametric(al) of bottom cover, and sheet metal also has a hole, its aperture
It is generally equal with the aperture in the hole of bottom cover, when mobile sheet metal makes the hole of hole face bottom cover of sheet metal, sprinkling
The hole of two faces is passed through in the part oil droplet of mist of oil cup, the part through the oil droplet in hole enters from the oilhole 38 that falls of oil droplet box
Oil droplet room 35, the sheet metal are also known as oil inlet quantity switch 32.
The light that light source 10 is sent, which illuminates 35 inner space of oil droplet room, camera lens 6 and optical system 5 and focusing knob 3, to be made
The oil droplet of suspension is imaged onto CCD boxes 1, and the image of CCD boxes 1 is connected on display by Q9 video interfaces 4.
Status indicator lamp 12 represents it is to adjust oil droplet balance, or oil droplet is in lifting state, and lifting is drawn by oil droplet
The top of visual field is raised to, is the voltage for increasing an about 200V on the basis of balanced voltage, promotes oil droplet to move upwards;It is flat
The switching button of weighing apparatus and lifting switch key 13, balance and lifting, its state is determined by status indicator lamp 12.0V and work switching
Key 14,0V are after electric field force is cancelled, and oil droplet is in gravitational field and moves downward, and are subject to the resistance of air, accelerate one section away from
It can be in from after and at the uniform velocity fall(If you do not consider Brownian movement), work refer under electric field action, adjustment voltage or
Person adjusts the booster tension for being lifted up oil droplet.
Timing starts over switch key 15, periodically starts to start timing, periodically terminates, stop timing.Since electric field is vertical
In top crown 34 and bottom crown 36 in parastate, gravity is in vertical direction, it is therefore desirable to adjusts top crown 34 with
Pole plate 36 is horizontal, make be gravity direction it is parallel with the direction of electric field, therefore pass through 3 (determine a plane) leveling spiral shells at 3 points
Nail 21, which is adjusted, makes the instruction of air level 16 be in horizontality.Holding screw 18 is the fixing device of CCD case bases, power switch 19
It is the power switch of instrument work, it is to facilitate the storing unit of oil droplet pipe when not in use that oil droplet pipe storage box, which places ring 20, is avoided
The fluid oil of oil droplet pipe drops onto desktop.Power outlet 2 is connected to the AC power of 220V, is the input power of instrument;Confirm
Key 11 can record data in display screen(Substantially it is in memory), delete current data, measurement finish calculate oil droplet electricity
The functions such as lotus amount.
Corrective measure:
The method for reducing barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage, since the diameter of Millikan oil drop is substantially in the quantity of micron
Grade, for the spacing between air molecule substantially in the order of magnitude of nanometer, both differ 103The order of magnitude, oil droplet area are the flat of length
Side, therefore the molecular number of oil droplets contact is 106The order of magnitude, Brownian movement caused by its fluctuation is obvious, if reduced
The quantity contacted with air molecule, that is, reduce the air pressure of air, then can reduce the quantity that oil droplet is contacted with air molecule, air
The fluctuation of molecular motion kinetic energy(The unbalanced strength that collision effect is produced in oil droplet)Also will greatly reduce, therefore, technology
Scheme is:Reducing the air pressure inside oil droplet room 35 can ignore that the Brownian movement phenomenon of oil droplet, can ignore that and refers in level
It can't see oil droplet on direction drifting about, i.e. oil droplet(Due to being subject to the electric field force and gravity of vertical direction)Only in vertical direction
It is moved.
Since the present invention is concerned with the equilibrium state of oil droplet, measurement can not had to as the specific data of air pressure;If
Measure, then the probe of air pressure can be arranged on the inside of the gas pipeline of air extractor.
The pressure of air is reduced, can utilize the passage of oilhole 38, the oilhole 38 that falls of oil droplet room 35 connects vacuum holding
Put(Vacuum plant is a kind of prior art, and air pressure is reduced by siphoning away gas)Admission line, the bottom crown 36 of oil droplet room 35
Sealing state, 35 top crown 34 of oil droplet room and the circular ring shape of oil droplet room 35 are in the lower end of the circular ring shape supporting rack of oil droplet room 35
The upper end of supporting rack is in sealing state;There is 7 He of peep hole of ring-type hyaline membrane sealed circular ring shape supporting rack in the outside of oil droplet room 35
Light well 9.If 9 gas leakage of peep hole 7 and light well, under the action of inside and outside differential pressure, ring-type transparent material will be subject to be directed toward oil
The strength of room 35 is dripped, makes hyaline membrane deformation inwardly, so as to fill its gap, seals.Adjust the motor of vacuum plant
Rotary speed, it is little to make to vacuumize influence of the flowing for causing air in oil droplet room 35 to suspension oil droplet, influences not referring to very much
Do not have it is obvious move up process, vacuumizing causes oil droplet to be subject to a upward active force, can be by adjusting oil droplet
Balanced voltage liquidates the effect, when the limit of the vacuum close to vacuum extractor, vacuumize cause oil droplet be subject to one it is upward
Active force disappears, at this time, Brownian movement also unobvious(It is opposite with for normal pressure), be conducive to accurate adjustment voltage.
Oil droplet box by circular ring shape supporting rack and circular ring shape supporting rack upper end top crown 34 and bottom 36 groups of bottom crown
Into, the space where seal closure sealing oil droplet box, the electric wire of the bottom crown 36 of oil droplet box and the electric wire of top crown 34 with
Contacted and passed through by the way of sealing between seal closure(This is that the prior art can be realized, for example is passed through on the outside of electric wire
Melting wraps up a gasket, and gasket is located at the notch of seal closure bottom, and the area of gasket is more than the area of notch,
The size of notch mainly accommodates the size of electric wire radial direction, vacuumizes generation one and is directed toward oil droplet indoor strength, promotes the notch
Sealing), seal and be covered with the admission line that a through hole is communicated to vacuum plant.
Oil droplet room 35 falls oilhole sealing, the lower end of the bottom crown 36 of oil droplet room 35 and the circular ring shape supporting rack of oil droplet room 35
In sealing state, 35 top crown 34 of oil droplet room and the upper end of the circular ring shape supporting rack of oil droplet room 35 are in sealing state, annulus
Shape supporting rack is with peep hole 7 and light well 9 all in sealing state(Using soft parent material), the side of circular ring shape supporting rack
There is the admission line of a through hole connection vacuum plant.
There is a transparent hard cylinder on the inside of circular ring shape supporting rack, the height and circular ring shape supporting rack of cylinder are contour;
Cylinder has identical central axis with circular ring shape supporting rack, and outside diameter of cylinder is smaller 0.5-1mm than circular ring shape supporting rack internal diameter, i.e., round
Radial distance between on the inside of cylinder outside and circular ring shape supporting rack is 0.5-1mm, since cylinder and circular ring shape supporting rack have phase
With central axis, in cross section in the horizontal direction, cylinder has the identical center of circle, a diameter side with circular ring shape supporting rack
The difference of the outer radius of upward cylinder and the inner radius of circular ring shape supporting rack is exactly radial distance, and the side of cylinder is uniformly divided
Cloth through hole, the 5%-20% of a diameter of circular ring shape supporting rack side through-hole diameter of through hole.
Claims (2)
1. the method for barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage is reduced, it is characterized in that:Reduce oil droplet room(35)Internal air pressure
It can ignore that the Brownian movement phenomenon of oil droplet, can ignore that and refer to that can't see oil droplet in the horizontal direction is drifting about, is i.e. oil droplet
Only it is moved in vertical direction;Oil droplet room(35)Fall oilhole(38)Sealing, oil droplet room(35)Bottom crown(36)With oil droplet
Room(35)The lower end of circular ring shape supporting rack be in sealing state, oil droplet room(35)Top crown(34)With oil droplet room(35)Annulus
The upper end of shape supporting rack is in sealing state, circular ring shape supporting rack and peep hole(7)And light well(9)All in sealing state,
There is the admission line of a through hole connection vacuum plant in the side of circular ring shape supporting rack.
2. the method according to claim 1 for reducing barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage, it is characterized in that:Circular ring shape
There is a transparent hard cylinder on the inside of supporting rack(39), cylinder(39)Height and circular ring shape supporting rack it is contour;Cylinder
(39)There is identical central axis, cylinder with circular ring shape supporting rack(39)Outside diameter is smaller 0.5-1mm than circular ring shape supporting rack internal diameter,
That is cylinder(39)Radial distance between on the inside of outside and circular ring shape supporting rack is 0.5-1mm, due to cylinder(39)With circular ring shape
Supporting rack has an identical central axis, in cross section in the horizontal direction, cylinder(39)Have with circular ring shape supporting rack identical
The center of circle, the cylinder in a diametric(al)(39)Outer radius and circular ring shape supporting rack inner radius difference be exactly radially
Distance, cylinder(39)Side be uniformly distributed through hole(40), through hole(40)A diameter of circular ring shape supporting rack side through-hole diameter
5%-20%.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201711164529.7A CN107991208B (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | Method for reducing equilibrium voltage of Millikan oil drops measured by air pressure |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201510895837.1A CN105510188B (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | The method for reducing barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage |
CN201711164529.7A CN107991208B (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | Method for reducing equilibrium voltage of Millikan oil drops measured by air pressure |
Related Parent Applications (1)
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CN201510895837.1A Division CN105510188B (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | The method for reducing barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage |
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CN107991208A true CN107991208A (en) | 2018-05-04 |
CN107991208B CN107991208B (en) | 2020-06-19 |
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CN201711164529.7A Expired - Fee Related CN107991208B (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | Method for reducing equilibrium voltage of Millikan oil drops measured by air pressure |
CN201711164075.3A Pending CN108007828A (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | The method for reducing barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage |
CN201510895837.1A Expired - Fee Related CN105510188B (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | The method for reducing barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage |
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CN201711164075.3A Pending CN108007828A (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | The method for reducing barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage |
CN201510895837.1A Expired - Fee Related CN105510188B (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | The method for reducing barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage |
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Families Citing this family (1)
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CN106652699A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-05-10 | 华南理工大学 | Millikan oil drop experiment instrument capable of generating tiny charged oil drops by utilizing compressed air flow and experiment method |
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2015
- 2015-12-08 CN CN201711164529.7A patent/CN107991208B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-12-08 CN CN201711164075.3A patent/CN108007828A/en active Pending
- 2015-12-08 CN CN201510895837.1A patent/CN105510188B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN105510188A (en) | 2016-04-20 |
CN108007828A (en) | 2018-05-08 |
CN107991208B (en) | 2020-06-19 |
CN105510188B (en) | 2017-12-19 |
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