CN105510188A - Method for reducing air pressure measurement Millikan oil-drop balanced voltage - Google Patents
Method for reducing air pressure measurement Millikan oil-drop balanced voltage Download PDFInfo
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- CN105510188A CN105510188A CN201510895837.1A CN201510895837A CN105510188A CN 105510188 A CN105510188 A CN 105510188A CN 201510895837 A CN201510895837 A CN 201510895837A CN 105510188 A CN105510188 A CN 105510188A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N2015/0003—Determining electric mobility, velocity profile, average speed or velocity of a plurality of particles
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for reducing air pressure measurement Millikan oil-drop balanced voltage, in order to reduce the effect on oil-drop balanced voltage measurement brought by oil-drop balanced acting force caused by air collision. The technical scheme is as follows: the method for reducing air pressure measurement Millikan oil-drop balanced voltage is characterized in that air pressure in an oil-drop chamber is reduced, so that a Brownian movement phenomenon of an oil drop can be ignored, wherein the degree of capable of being ignored refers to that no oil drop can be seen drifting in the horizontal direction, namely the oil drop only can move in the vertical direction. The beneficial effects are as follows: the air pressure in the oil-drop chamber is reduced, so that the Brownian movement phenomenon of the oil drop can be ignored, and the balanced voltage of the oil drop can be accurately measured; through holes are uniformly distributed in the side surface of a cylinder, so that air flowing in the horizontal direction is balanced to the oil drop, thus avoiding the movement of the oil drop caused by vacuumizing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fields of measurement of physical quantity.
Background technology
When judgement object receiving force balance, be generally using object rest or be in linear uniform motion as criterion, most situation all staticly judges whether stressed object is in dynamic balance (making a concerted effort for 0) whether to be in.
The diameter of Millikan oil drop is roughly at the order of magnitude of micron; spacing between air molecule is roughly at the order of magnitude of nanometer; when oil droplet is close to balance; oil droplet is just equivalent to suspended particle; be subject to the irregular collision of air molecule; olesome there will be Brownian movement, i.e. irregular random motion, causes the judgement of oil droplet stress balance more difficult.For larger oil droplet, relative to the gravity of oil droplet, (namely quality is large compared with little to the influence of unbalance power of oil droplet for air molecule, inertia is large), stability when it suspends is relatively good, but because oil droplet is large, quality is large, effect by air molecule is less, velocity ratio during whereabouts very fast (time of falling is shorter), measure large (the physiological reaction speed under one's control 0.1 second of application condition of its fall time, because oil droplet is more tiny, the devices such as photoelectricity door cannot be adopted to carry out timing, the general microscope that all adopts amplifies laggard pedestrian for judging that its position and operation start timing and operation stops timing), when oil droplet is smaller time, the unbalancedness performance by air molecule collision effect is larger, and Brownian movement is obvious, accurately cannot determine whether it is in equilibrium state, cause the measuring error of balanced voltage larger.
Summary of the invention
Cause oil droplet influence of unbalance power to bring impact on measuring oil droplet balanced voltage for reducing gas collisions, the present invention designs a kind of method reducing barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage.
The technical scheme that the present invention realizes goal of the invention employing is: the method reducing barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage, it is characterized in that: the air pressure reducing oil droplet chamber interior enables the Brownian movement phenomenon of oil droplet ignore, can ignore and refer to that can't see oil droplet is in the horizontal direction drifting about, namely oil droplet (owing to being subject to electric field force and Action of Gravity Field) is only moved at vertical direction.
The oilhole that falls of the top crown above oil droplet room is communicated with the admission line of vacuum plant, the lower end of the bottom crown of oil droplet room and the annular bracing frame of oil droplet room is in sealing state, and the lower end, upper end of the annular bracing frame of oil droplet room top crown and oil droplet room is in sealing state, oil droplet outside has ring-type hyaline membrane to seal viewport and the light well of ring holder side, regulate the rotational speed of vacuum plant motor, make to vacuumize and cause the impact of the flowing of oil droplet room air on suspension oil droplet little, impact do not refer to very much significantly on move past journey (this experiment mainly rely on eye observation, under the resolution of eyes, obviously on move just refer to eye observation less than on move past journey), vacuumize and cause oil droplet to be subject to an acting force upwards, can be liquidated by the voltage between reduction top crown and bottom crown this effect, when the limit of vacuum close to vacuum extractor, vacuumize and cause oil droplet to be subject to an acting force disappearance upwards, now can accurate adjustment voltage.
Oil droplet box is made up of ring holder and the top crown of ring holder upper end and the bottom crown of bottom, the space at a seal closure sealing oil droplet box place, the electric wire of the bottom crown of oil droplet box and the electric wire of top crown with adopt the mode of sealing to contact between seal closure to pass through, sealing is covered with the admission line that a through hole is communicated to vacuum plant.
The oilhole sealing that falls of oil droplet room, the lower end of the bottom crown of oil droplet room and the annular bracing frame of oil droplet room is in sealing state, the lower end, upper end of the annular bracing frame of oil droplet room top crown and oil droplet room is in sealing state, annular bracing frame and viewport and light well are all in sealing state, and the side of ring holder has a through hole to be communicated with the admission line of vacuum plant.
There is a transparent hard cylinder inner side of ring holder, and height and the ring holder of cylinder are contour, cylinder and ring holder have identical central axis, outside diameter of cylinder 0.5-1mm less of ring holder internal diameter, namely the radial distance between outside cylinder and inside ring holder is 0.5-1mm, because cylinder and ring holder have identical central axis, in xsect in the horizontal direction, cylinder and ring holder have the identical center of circle, article one, the outer radius of cylinder in diametric(al) and the difference of the inner radius of ring holder are exactly radial distance, the side of cylinder is uniformly distributed through hole, the diameter of through hole is the 5%-20% of ring holder side through-hole diameter.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the air pressure reducing oil droplet chamber interior enables the Brownian movement phenomenon of oil droplet ignore, can the balanced voltage of more Accurate Determining oil droplet; The side of cylinder is uniformly distributed through hole, and horizontal direction air can be impelled to flow for oil droplet is balanced, thus avoids vacuumizing the oil droplet caused and move.Vacuumizing reduction air pressure is a kind of conventional technology, the concrete numerical value of its air pressure is not that patent of the present invention is paid close attention to, as long as the present invention observes oil droplet and does not offset in the horizontal direction, now just can ignore the impact that air pressure collision is measured balanced voltage, now adjustment voltage knob, make oil droplet keep balance at vertical direction, now measured, then can withdraw from vacuum gradually and return to normal pressure (being that prior art can solve from vacuum to normal pressure).
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Chengdu century Zhong Ke Instrument Ltd. experiment instrument block diagram, and Fig. 2 is oil droplet box device schematic diagram; Fig. 3 is the device of balanced oil droplet indoor air flows;
Wherein 1, CCD box 2, supply socket 3, focusing knob 4, Q9 video interface 5, optical system 6, camera lens 7, viewport 8, top crown stage clip 9, light well 10, light source 11, acknowledgement key 12, status indicator lamp 13, balance and promote switch key 14,0V and work switch key 15, timing starts to terminate switch key 16, air level 17, voltage-regulation knob 18, holding screw 19, power switch 20, oil droplet pipe receiver lay ring 21, levelling bolt (3); 31, nozzle, 32, oil inlet quantity switch, 33, hurricane globe, 34, top crown, 35, oil droplet room, 36, bottom crown, 37, mist of oil cup, 38, fall oilhole, 39, cylinder, 40, through hole.
Embodiment
Prior art:
The oil droplet box of prior art, be generally cylindrical shape, its underpart is bottom crown 36, bottom crown provides an electrode for oil droplet box, be traditionally arranged to be negative pole, the hollow space that cylindrical shape surrounds is the space of oil droplet suspension, be called oil droplet room 35, the height of inner space, oil droplet room 35 is generally 5 millimeters, there are three sealed transparent holes columnar side, and (transparent material seals, transparent to illumination, for gas be sealing), one of them is viewport 7, two other transparent apertures is light well 9, the illumination of light well 9 is from LED source 10, columnar top covers top crown 34, top crown 34 upper surface contact top crown stage clip 8, top crown stage clip 8 provides an electrode for oil droplet box, be traditionally arranged to be positive pole.There is the oilhole 38 that falls at the center of top crown 34, and the oilhole 38 that falls is the aperture of diameter 0.5 millimeter.Voltage-regulation knob 17 regulates the voltage V be loaded between top crown 34 and bottom crown 36, thus regulates the electric field E=V/5mm between top crown 34 and bottom crown 36.
There is annular hurricane globe 33 in the outside of oil droplet box, avoid the impact that outside air flows on oil droplet, the top of hurricane globe 33 is mist of oil cups 37, mist of oil cup 37 is general by a circular cylinder, upper cover and bottom composition, there is nozzle 31 its side of circular cylinder, mist of oil cup 37 has upper cover and bottom, upper cover, bottom and circular cylinder form cup-like structure, its bottom is porose, the hole of its bottom is by a sheet metal cover, sheet metal can move in the diametric(al) of bottom, sheet metal also has a hole, its aperture is general equal with the aperture in the hole of bottom, when moving metal thin slice makes the hole of the hole of sheet metal just to bottom time, the part oil droplet being sprayed at mist of oil cup is through two just right holes, a part through the oil droplet in hole enters oil droplet room 35 from the oilhole 38 that falls of oil droplet box, this sheet metal is also called oil inlet quantity switch 32.
The light that light source 10 sends illuminates inner space, oil droplet room 35, and the image that camera lens 6 and optical system 5 and focusing knob 3 make the oil droplet of suspension be imaged onto CCD box 1, CCD box 1 is connected on display by Q9 video interface 4.
Status indicator lamp 12 represents it is regulate oil droplet balance, or oil droplet is in lifting state, and lifting is on the top of oil droplet being drawn high to visual field, is the voltage increasing an about 200V on the basis of balanced voltage, impels oil droplet to move upward; Balance and lifting switch key 13, balance and the switching button promoted, determine its state by status indicator lamp 12.0V and work switch key 14,0V is after electric field force is cancelled, oil droplet is in gravity field and moves downward, be subject to the resistance of air, can be in after accelerated motion one segment distance and at the uniform velocity fall (if you do not consider Brownian movement), work refers under electric field action, and adjustment voltage or adjustment upwards promote the booster tension of oil droplet.
Timing starts to terminate switch key 15, and timing starts to start timing, and timing terminates, and stops timing.Because E-field normal is in the top crown 34 and the bottom crown 36 that are in parastate, gravity is in vertical direction, therefore need to regulate top crown 34 and bottom crown 36 level, make to be that the direction of gravity is parallel with the direction of electric field, therefore regulated by 3 (3 determine a plane) levelling bolts 21 and air level 16 is indicated be in horizontality.Holding screw 18 is stationary installations of CCD case base, and power switch 19 is power switches of instrument work, and it is storing units when facilitating oil droplet pipe not use that oil droplet pipe receiver lays ring 20, avoids the fluid oil of oil droplet pipe to drop onto desktop.Supply socket 2 is connected to the AC power of 220V, is the input power of instrument; Acknowledgement key 11 can record data at display screen (being in essence in internal memory), delete current data, measure the functions such as the quantity of electric charge of complete calculating oil droplet.
Innovative approach:
Reduce the method for barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage, because the diameter of Millikan oil drop is roughly at the order of magnitude of micron, the spacing between air molecule is roughly at the order of magnitude of nanometer, and both differ 10
3the order of magnitude, oil droplet area be length square, therefore oil droplets contact molecular number 10
6the order of magnitude, the Brownian movement that its fluctuation causes is obvious, if reduce the quantity contacted with air molecule, namely the air pressure of air is reduced, then can reduce the quantity that oil droplet contacts with air molecule, the fluctuation (collision acts on the unbalanced strength that oil droplet produces) of air molecule motion energy also will reduce widely, therefore, technical scheme is: the air pressure reducing inside, oil droplet room 35 enables the Brownian movement phenomenon of oil droplet ignore, can ignore and refer to that can't see oil droplet is in the horizontal direction drifting about, namely oil droplet (owing to being subject to electric field force and the Action of Gravity Field of vertical direction) is only moved at vertical direction.
What pay close attention to due to the present invention is the equilibrium state of oil droplet, and the concrete data as air pressure can be measured; If measured, then the probe of air pressure can be arranged into inside the gas pipeline of air extractor.
Reduce the pressure of air, can utilize the passage of oilhole 38, the oilhole 38 that falls of oil droplet room 35 is communicated with vacuum plant, and (vacuum plant is a kind of prior art, by siphon away gas reduce air pressure) admission line, the bottom crown 36 of oil droplet room 35 is in sealing state with the lower end of the annular bracing frame of oil droplet room 35, and oil droplet room 35 top crown 34 is in sealing state with the lower end, upper end of the annular bracing frame of oil droplet room 35; Ring-type hyaline membrane is had to seal viewport 7 and the light well 9 of ring holder outside oil droplet room 35.If viewport 7 and light well 9 leak gas, under the effect of inside and outside differential pressure, ring-type transparent material, by being subject to the strength pointing to oil droplet room 35, making hyaline membrane deformation to the inside, thus fills its gap, seal.Regulate the rotational speed of the motor of vacuum plant, make to vacuumize and cause the impact of the flowing of air in oil droplet room 35 on suspension oil droplet little, impact do not refer to very much do not have obvious on move past journey, vacuumize and cause oil droplet to be subject to an acting force upwards, can to liquidate this effect by regulating the balanced voltage of oil droplet, when the limit of vacuum close to vacuum extractor, vacuumize and cause oil droplet to be subject to an acting force disappearance upwards, now, Brownian movement is not obvious (relative and normal pressure) also, is conducive to accurate adjustment voltage.
Oil droplet box is made up of ring holder and the top crown 34 of ring holder upper end and the bottom crown 36 of bottom, the space at a seal closure sealing oil droplet box place, the electric wire of the bottom crown 36 of oil droplet box and the electric wire of top crown 34 contact by (this is that prior art can realize with adopting the mode of sealing between seal closure, such as wrap up a sealing gasket in the outside of electric wire by melting, sealing gasket is positioned at the breach bottom seal closure, the area of sealing gasket is greater than the area of breach, the size of breach mainly holds the size of electric wire radial direction, vacuumize generation one and point to oil droplet indoor strength, this breach is impelled to seal), sealing is covered with the admission line that a through hole is communicated to vacuum plant.
The oilhole sealing that falls of oil droplet room 35, the bottom crown 36 of oil droplet room 35 is in sealing state with the lower end of the annular bracing frame of oil droplet room 35, oil droplet room 35 top crown 34 is in sealing state with the lower end, upper end of the annular bracing frame of oil droplet room 35, annular bracing frame and viewport 7 and light well 9 are all in sealing state (employing soft parent material), and the side of ring holder has a through hole to be communicated with the admission line of vacuum plant.
There is a transparent hard cylinder inner side of ring holder, and height and the ring holder of cylinder are contour, cylinder and ring holder have identical central axis, outside diameter of cylinder 0.5-1mm less of ring holder internal diameter, namely the radial distance between outside cylinder and inside ring holder is 0.5-1mm, because cylinder and ring holder have identical central axis, in xsect in the horizontal direction, cylinder and ring holder have the identical center of circle, article one, the outer radius of cylinder in diametric(al) and the difference of the inner radius of ring holder are exactly radial distance, the side of cylinder is uniformly distributed through hole, the diameter of through hole is the 5%-20% of ring holder side through-hole diameter.
Claims (5)
1. reduce the method for barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage, it is characterized in that: the air pressure reducing oil droplet room (35) inner enables the Brownian movement phenomenon of oil droplet ignore, can ignore and refer to that can't see oil droplet is in the horizontal direction drifting about, namely oil droplet is only moved at vertical direction.
2. the method for reduction barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the oilhole that falls (38) of the top crown (34) of oil droplet room (35) top is communicated with the admission line of vacuum plant, the bottom crown (36) of oil droplet room (35) is in sealing state with the lower end of the annular bracing frame of oil droplet room (35), and oil droplet room (35) top crown (34) is in sealing state with the lower end, upper end of the annular bracing frame of oil droplet room (35); Outside, oil droplet room (35) has ring-type hyaline membrane to seal viewport (7) and the light well (9) of ring holder side; Regulate the rotational speed of vacuum plant motor, make to vacuumize and cause the impact of flowing on suspension oil droplet of oil droplet room (35) interior air little, impact do not refer to very much significantly on move past journey, vacuumize and cause oil droplet to be subject to an acting force upwards, can be liquidated by the voltage between reduction top crown (34) and bottom crown (36) this effect, when the limit of vacuum close to vacuum extractor, vacuumize and cause oil droplet to be subject to an acting force upwards disappearing, now can accurate adjustment voltage.
3. the method for reduction barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: oil droplet box is made up of ring holder and the top crown (34) of ring holder upper end and the bottom crown (36) of bottom, the space at a seal closure sealing oil droplet box place, the electric wire of the bottom crown (36) of oil droplet box and the electric wire of top crown (34) with adopt the mode of sealing to contact between seal closure to pass through, sealing is covered with the admission line that a through hole is communicated to vacuum plant.
4. the method for reduction barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the oilhole that falls (38) sealing of oil droplet room (35), the bottom crown (36) of oil droplet room (35) is in sealing state with the lower end of the annular bracing frame of oil droplet room (35), oil droplet room (35) top crown (34) is in sealing state with the lower end, upper end of the annular bracing frame of oil droplet room (35), annular bracing frame and viewport (7) and light well (9) are all in sealing state, the side of ring holder has a through hole to be communicated with the admission line of vacuum plant.
5. the method for reduction barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage according to claim 4, is characterized in that: there is a transparent hard cylinder (39) inner side of ring holder, and height and the ring holder of cylinder (39) are contour, cylinder (39) has identical central axis with ring holder, cylinder (39) external diameter 0.5-1mm less of ring holder internal diameter, namely cylinder (39) outside and ring holder inside between radial distance be 0.5-1mm, because cylinder (39) has identical central axis with ring holder, in xsect in the horizontal direction, cylinder (39) has the identical center of circle with ring holder, article one, the outer radius of cylinder (39) in diametric(al) and the difference of the inner radius of ring holder are exactly radial distance, the side of cylinder (39) is uniformly distributed through hole (40), the diameter of through hole (40) is the 5%-20% of ring holder side through-hole diameter.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711164075.3A CN108007828A (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | The method for reducing barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage |
| CN201510895837.1A CN105510188B (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | The method for reducing barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage |
| CN201711164529.7A CN107991208B (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | Method for reducing equilibrium voltage of Millikan oil drops measured by air pressure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510895837.1A CN105510188B (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | The method for reducing barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201711164529.7A Division CN107991208B (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | Method for reducing equilibrium voltage of Millikan oil drops measured by air pressure |
| CN201711164075.3A Division CN108007828A (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | The method for reducing barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage |
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| CN105510188A true CN105510188A (en) | 2016-04-20 |
| CN105510188B CN105510188B (en) | 2017-12-19 |
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| CN201510895837.1A Expired - Fee Related CN105510188B (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | The method for reducing barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage |
| CN201711164529.7A Expired - Fee Related CN107991208B (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | Method for reducing equilibrium voltage of Millikan oil drops measured by air pressure |
| CN201711164075.3A Pending CN108007828A (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | The method for reducing barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage |
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| CN201711164529.7A Expired - Fee Related CN107991208B (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | Method for reducing equilibrium voltage of Millikan oil drops measured by air pressure |
| CN201711164075.3A Pending CN108007828A (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | The method for reducing barometric surveying Millikan oil drop balanced voltage |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106652699A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-05-10 | 华南理工大学 | Millikan oil drop experiment instrument capable of generating tiny charged oil drops by utilizing compressed air flow and experiment method |
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- 2015-12-08 CN CN201510895837.1A patent/CN105510188B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-12-08 CN CN201711164529.7A patent/CN107991208B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-12-08 CN CN201711164075.3A patent/CN108007828A/en active Pending
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| CN103115853A (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2013-05-22 | 浙江理工大学 | Direct dynamic force measurement device of shock-wave-loaded double-raw model sphere array |
| CN103558126A (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2014-02-05 | 深圳中科强华科技有限公司 | Device and method for determining and analyzing particles in liquid |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107991208B (en) | 2020-06-19 |
| CN105510188B (en) | 2017-12-19 |
| CN108007828A (en) | 2018-05-08 |
| CN107991208A (en) | 2018-05-04 |
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