CN107991179B - A method of measurement strain inducing martensitic traoformation kinetic curve - Google Patents
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
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- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0252—Monoaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along a single axis of the specimen
Abstract
A method of measurement strain inducing martensitic traoformation kinetic curve includes the following steps: S1, the metal material of the phase containing metastable austenite is made to standard tensile specimen, carries out tension test and obtains load-deformation curve；S2, " stairstepping " tensile sample with N number of deformation section is made in the metal material of the phase containing metastable austenite, tension test is carried out under environment identical with step S1 and strain rate to sample fracture；The strain inducing martensite content f of N number of deformation section characteristic portion in S3, determination step S2α′；S4, the corresponding N group strain stress that locates in step S3 is obtained；S5, the strain inducing martensitic traoformation kinetic curve for having obtained the metal material of phase containing metastable austenite.The present invention has the advantages that being directed to the metal material of phase containing metastable austenite, while measuring the metal material of phase containing metastable austenite load-deformation curve data, also the strain inducing martensitic traoformation kinetic curve that can be measured the metal material of phase containing metastable austenite, kills two birds with one stone.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Analysis of Metallic Materials fields, and in particular to a kind of measurement strain inducing martensitic traoformation dynamics is bent
The method of line.
Background technique
It is current structural metallic materials research that its intensity is improved under the premise of not reducing Plastic Deformation of Metal Materials ability
Important directions, in previous experience improve metal material intensity often lose its part plastic deformation ability, however
Result of study in recent years shows by Microstructure Design to be high-intensitive matrix phase and hard second phase or what metastable phase was constituted answers
Phase constitution can improve the intensity and plasticity of metal material simultaneously, wherein answering by high-intensitive matrix phase with what metastable austenite was mutually constituted
Phase constitution is widely used in the organization design of the advanced high-strength steel of the third generation, and this organization design thought has been extended to
The high intensity inductile metal material field such as amorphous and high-entropy alloy.Metastable austenite is mutually in certain environment (for example, temperature and Jie
Matter etc.) in deform especially plastic deformation when will appear strain inducing martensitic traoformation, this postponed stress concentrate and
Caused crack initiation, namely the plastic deformation ability of material is improved, it is referred to as phase change induction plasticity
(Transformation-induced plasticity,TRIP)。
Martensitic traoformation occurs in deformation process for the metal material of phase containing metastable austenite causes to increase one kind in parent phase
Reciprocation, and martensite are occurred for the crystal defect with around in parent phase in subsequent deformation process by cenotype, martensite
Itself elastic-plastic deformation will also occur, this matches tensile strength, uniform elongation, processing hardening and each alternate stress to material
Equal macro-microscopic mechanics behavior is divided to have an important influence on, so strain inducing martensitic traoformation dynamics is inquired into containing metastable austenite
The significant data of phase metal material macro-microscopic mechanics behavior, therefore the research emphasis of always related fields.Olson and Cohen
A kind of well accepted strain inducing Kinetics Model For Martensitic Transformation, f are proposed based on Germicidal efficacy in 1974α′=1-
exp{-β[1-exp(-αε)]n, wherein fα′It is strain inducing Martensite Volume Fraction, the first factor alpha is the formation of deformation band
Rate, the second factor beta are the probability that deformation band intersection point forms martensite core, and third coefficient n is equal to 4.5 constant, other
Model is mostly then amendment or the variant of Olson-Cohen model.
Currently used strain inducing martensitic traoformation kinetic curve measuring method can be divided into ex situ method and in-situ method
Two kinds.Ex situ method: N number of standard sample is subjected to difference and determines strain deformation experiment, then uses X-ray diffraction, Magnetic testi instrument
With the martensite content in the N number of sample of the methods of backscattered electron diffraction test, finally intended using Olson-Cohen model
It closes；In-situ method: 1 sample is subjected to original position stretching in the device equipped with synchrotron radiation or neutron diffraction, is answered what is obtained
Become and martensite content data carry out Olson-Cohen models fitting.Obviously, ex situ method needs to carry out more experiment ability
Obtain believable strain inducing martensitic traoformation kinetic curve, although and in-situ method experimental amount is seldom, synchrotron radiation and
Neutron diffraction experimental provision resource is limited, it is difficult to realize in common laboratory.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of measurement strain inducing martensitic phase variation is provided
The method of force diagram.
To achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A method of measurement strain inducing martensitic traoformation kinetic curve includes the following steps:
S1, standard tensile specimen is made in the metal material of the phase containing metastable austenite, is needing to measure strain inducing geneva
Tension test is carried out under the environment and strain rate of body transition kinetics curve and obtains load-deformation curve, and the stress-strain is bent
Line includes the stress-strain part of plastic period and the stress-strain part of elastic deformation stage；
S2, " stairstepping " tensile sample with N number of deformation section is made in the metal material of the phase containing metastable austenite, with
Tension test is carried out under the identical environment of step S1 and strain rate to sample fracture；
The strain inducing martensite content f of N number of deformation section characteristic portion in S3, determination step S2α′, the deformation section feature
Position is the arbitrary point that " stairstepping " tensile sample becomes cross section；
S4, finite element model is established, by the corresponding number in stress-strain part of plastic period obtained in step S1
According to the constitutive model data as finite element simulation calculation, simulates the stress-of " stairstepping " tensile sample during stretching and answer
Variation cloth obtains the corresponding N group strain stress that locates in step S3；
S5, the strain inducing martensite content f by the deformation section characteristic portion in step S3 and S4α′With the correspondence that locates
The data of N group strain stress described point is carried out in reference axis, with fα′It is axis of abscissas for axis of ordinates, ε, uses Olson-Cohen
Model fα′=1-exp {-β [1-exp (- α ε)]nThe first factor alpha, the second factor beta, third coefficient n are fitted, and in reference axis
In draw out matched curve to get the metal material of phase containing metastable austenite has been arrived strain inducing martensitic traoformation dynamics it is bent
Line.
Optimization, in step s3, measure strain inducing martensite content fα′Method are as follows: be broken using ferrite instrument
Specimen surface measurement removes N number of deformation section wire cutting using the measurement of X-ray diffraction analysis technology.
Optimization, " step type " tensile sample of N number of deformation section is divided into along the symmetrical two parts of median plane, by middle part to two
Two adjacent deformation sections in side direction are less than the section of the deformation section by side, the change by the section of the deformation section at middle part
The section of shape section and centerline parallel.
Optimization, the shape of " step type " tensile sample of N number of deformation section includes the following steps: in making step S2
S21, tensile strength A and yield strength B of the standard tensile specimen in tension test and difference between the two are obtained
Value, and by difference N/2-1 equal part, obtaining N/2 stress value is respectively σi=A-i (A-B)/(N/2-1), wherein i=0,1,2,
3,4……(N/2-1)；
The length direction and centerline parallel of S22, setting " stairstepping " tensile sample, width and thickness direction with
Central axis；
Maximum, force of " stairstepping " tensile sample in tension test is F, the width of the N/2 deformation section from middle part to side
Degree is respectively wi=F/ (δ σi), i=0,1,2,3,4 ... (N/2-1)；
S23, it is equipped with arc structure between two is adjacent and deformation section of different size, the radius of arc structure is equal to adjacent two
The width of relatively narrow deformation section in a deformation section.
Optimization, the both ends of " stairstepping " tensile sample are respectively equipped with clamping end.
Optimization, the variable diameter position of deformation section, the variable diameter of each deformation section is arranged in the characteristic portion in the step S3
Position measurement repeatedly, calculates strain inducing martensite content f of the average value as corresponding deformation sectionα′。
The step of optimizing, finite element model and analysis are established in the step S4 is as follows:
S41, corresponding with " stairstepping " tensile sample mathematical model is established using finite element analysis software, then to being built
Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and the density of vertical mathematical model definition material, and with the plastic period that is obtained in step S1
The plastic deformation behavior of the data definition material of stress-strain part, the section attribute of definition material are isotropism entity material
Material；
S42, creation boundary condition, a clamping end of " stairstepping " tensile sample are fixed, another clamping end is to set speed
Degree is uniaxially stretched, and is then carried out grid dividing to the mathematical model of " stairstepping " tensile sample, is converted into finite element model；
S43, above-mentioned finite element model is analyzed, obtains Strain Distribution cloud atlas, using data probe above-mentioned each
The variable diameter position of deformation section measures, and averages after the variable diameter position measurement repeatedly of each deformation section as corresponding deformation section
Strain stress.
Optimization, the grid dividing in step S42 is adaptive meshing algorithm, free mesh, scans grid dividing
Middle one kind.
Optimization, the finite element analysis software is Abaqus software.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: it is directed to the metal material of phase containing metastable austenite, measurement is mutually golden containing metastable austenite
While belonging to material stress-strain curve data, the strain inducing geneva of the metal material of phase containing metastable austenite also can be measured
Body transition kinetics curve, kills two birds with one stone, saves measurement expense；In addition it is lured using measurement method of the invention to measure strain
Martensitic traoformation dynamics is led, speed is fast, improves measurement efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the diagrammatic cross-section of " stairstepping " tensile sample in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic cross-section of Plays tensile sample of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is in the present invention in room temperature and with 6 × 10-4s-1Strain rate carry out tension test obtain complete stress-
Strain curve figure.
Fig. 4 is the dimensional drawing of " stairstepping " tensile sample section each section in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is test position schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is finite element model figure in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the Strain Distribution cloud atlas obtained in the embodiment of the present invention by finite element model analysis.
Fig. 8 is that the strain inducing martensitic phase of the metal material of phase containing metastable austenite obtained in the embodiment of the present invention changes
Force diagram figure.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
In following embodiments the metal material of phase containing metastable austenite by weight percentage, alloying element include 0.010~
0.080% C ,≤2.00% Mn ,≤0.035% P ,≤0.020% S ,≤0.75% Si, 8.00~10.50%
Ni, 18.00~20.00% Cr ,≤0.10% N, surplus Fe.
S1, by the metal material of the phase containing metastable austenite according to GB/T228.1-2010 " metal material stretching test the 1st
Point: room temperature test method " or GB/T13239-2006 " metal material cryogenic tensile test method " standard as shown in Figure 2 is made
Tensile sample, at room temperature with 6 × 10-4s-1Strain rate carry out tension test obtain load-deformation curve, which answers
Varied curve includes the stress-strain part of plastic period and the stress-strain part of elastic deformation stage.
S2, " stairstepping " tensile sample with 12 deformation sections is made in the metal material of the phase containing metastable austenite,
Tension test is carried out under environment identical with step S1 and strain rate to sample fracture.
Wherein, " step type " tensile sample of N number of deformation section is divided into along the symmetrical two parts of median plane, by middle part to two sides
Two adjacent deformation sections on direction are less than the section of the deformation section by side, the deformation by the section of the deformation section at middle part
The section of section and centerline parallel.
In detail, the step of making " stairstepping " tensile sample of 12 deformation sections is as follows:
S21, tensile strength A (810MPa) and yield strength B of the standard tensile specimen in tension test are obtained
(260MPa) and difference (550MPa) between the two, and by 5 equal part of difference, it can get σ0=810MPa, σ1=700MPa, σ2
=590MPa, σ3=480MPa, σ4=370MPa and σ5Six stress values of=260MPa；
The length direction and centerline parallel of S22, setting " stairstepping " tensile sample, width and thickness direction with
The length with a thickness of δ, N number of deformation section of central axis, " stairstepping " tensile sample is L0.It sets " stairstepping " and stretches examination
Maximum, force of the sample in tension test is F, then in order to obtain σ0~σ5The width of six stress values, each rectangle deformation section is answered
Respectively w0=F/ (δ σ0)、w1=F/ (δ σ1)、w2=F/ (δ σ2)、w3=F/ (δ σ3)、w4=F/ (δ σ4) and w5=F/ (δ σ5), then
w0:w1:w2:w3:w4:w5=1/ σ0:1/σ1:1/σ2:1/σ3:1/σ4:1/σ5=1:1.16:1.37:1.69:2.19:3.12 takes and appoints
One amplification coefficient can be obtained the width of " stairstepping " tensile sample homogeneous deformation section, for convenient for sample processing and strain inducing
Martensite content test, it is 8 that the present embodiment, which takes amplification coefficient, and width unit is mm, then w0=8mm, w1=9mm, w2=
11mm、w3=14mm, w4=18mm, w5=25mm；
Arc structure is equipped between S13, two adjacent homogeneous deformation sections, the radius of arc structure is equal to two adjacent deformation sections
In relatively narrow deformation section width, the width of arc structures all in this embodiment is set as d0。
In the requirement for meeting Fig. 1, the length L of the thickness δ of " stairstepping " tensile sample, deformation section0With arc structure
Width d0It can arbitrarily choose, for convenient for sample processing and the test of strain inducing martensite content, the present embodiment takes δ=3mm, L0=
6mm, d0The both ends of=3mm, " stairstepping " tensile sample further respectively have clamping end 1, and specific size is as shown in Figure 4.
The strain inducing martensite content f of N number of deformation section characteristic portion in S3, determination step S2α′, the deformation section feature
Position is the arbitrary point that " stairstepping " tensile sample becomes cross section.The embodiment is using ferrite instrument along fracture sample surface
Measure the strain inducing martensite content f at 12 deformation section variable diameter positionsα′, as shown in figure 5, each position is asked after measuring 3 times
Average value obtains 12 strain inducing martensite content fα′, and standard deviation is calculated, 12 strain inducing martensite content fα′
It is as shown in table 1 with standard deviation；
| Number | Measured value three times | fα′± standard deviation (%) | Number | Measured value three times | fα′± standard deviation (%) |
| 1 | 0.31,0.29,0.31 | 0.30±0.012 | 7 | 27.5,26,2 5.9 | 26.48±0.896 |
| 2 | 1.3,1.2,1.2 | 1.23±0.058 | 8 | 15.8,15.7,14.9 | 15.47±0.493 |
| 3 | 3.7,4.1,4.1 | 4.37±0.231 | 9 | 8.3,8.6,7.8 | 8.23±0.404 |
| 4 | 7.7,7.5,7.1 | 7.43±0.306 | 10 | 4.6,4.9,4.7 | 4.73±0.153 |
| 5 | 15.8,14.3,14.9 | 15.00±0.755 | 11 | 1.1,0.98,1.0 | 1.03±0.064 |
| 6 | 26.9,27.2,25.4 | 26.50±0.964 | 12 | 0.19,0.18,0.18 | 0.18±0.006 |
S4, finite element model is established, by the corresponding number in stress-strain part of plastic period obtained in step S1
According to the constitutive model data as finite element simulation calculation, simulates the stress-of " stairstepping " tensile sample during stretching and answer
Variation cloth obtains the corresponding N group strain stress that locates in step S3；
Specific step is as follows:
S41, mathematical model corresponding with " stairstepping " tensile sample, mathematical model such as Fig. 6 are established using Abaqus software
It is shown, then to the Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and density of the mathematical model definition material established, and to obtain in step S1
The section attribute of the plastic deformation behavior of the data definition material of the stress-strain part of plastic period, definition material is
Isotropism solid material；
S42, creation boundary condition are fixed by a clamping end 1, and another clamping end 1 is uniaxially stretched with certain speed, so
Grid dividing is carried out to model afterwards, is converted into finite element model, grid dividing can use different nets according to the shape of structure
Lattice division mode, such as adaptive meshing algorithm, free mesh, grid dividing is scanned, grid will guarantee certain precision,
To guarantee the accuracy of calculated result, finite element model shown in fig. 6 is established；
S43, above-mentioned finite element model is analyzed, obtains Strain Distribution cloud atlas, as shown in fig. 7, using data probe
(probe value) is in measurement strain inducing martensite content fα′Corresponding position measure 3 times after, average i.e. obtain 12
Strain stress, and standard deviation is calculated, 12 strain stress and standard deviation are as shown in table 2；
| Number | Measured value three times | ε ± standard deviation | Number | Measured value three times | ε ± standard deviation |
| 1 | 0.124,0.127,0.138 | 0.130±0.0074 | 7 | 0.456,0.448,0.452 | 0.452±0.0040 |
| 2 | 0.174,0.169,0.170 | 0.171±0.0027 | 8 | 0.370,0.371,0.367 | 0.369±0.0021 |
| 3 | 0.239,0.240,0.246 | 0.242±0.0038 | 9 | 0.299,0.299,0.296 | 0.298±0.0017 |
| 4 | 0.296,0.299,0.298 | 0.298±0.0015 | 10 | 0.244,0.244,0.238 | 0.242±0.0035 |
| 5 | 0.365,0.369,0.365 | 0.366±0.0023 | 11 | 0.174,0.174,0.169 | 0.172±0.0029 |
| 6 | 0.450,0.455,0.446 | 0.450±0.0045 | 12 | 0.128,0.128,0.131 | 0.129±0.0017 |
S5, by the corresponding strain inducing martensite content f of number 1~12 in table 1 and 2α′With strain stress data in reference axis
Described point is carried out, with strain inducing martensite content fα′It is axis of abscissas for axis of ordinates, strain stress, uses classical Olson-
Cohen model fα′=1-exp {-β [1-exp (- α ε)]nFit the first factor alpha=1.9, the second factor beta=3.8, third system
Number n=4.5, and matched curve is drawn out in reference axis to get the strain inducing of the metal material of phase containing metastable austenite has been arrived
Martensitic traoformation kinetic curve, as shown in Figure 8.
The above is only the preferred embodiments of the invention, are not intended to limit the invention creation, all in the present invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should be included in the guarantor of the invention within the spirit and principle of creation
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method for measuring strain inducing martensitic traoformation kinetic curve, which comprises the steps of:
S1, standard tensile specimen is made in the metal material of the phase containing metastable austenite, is needing to measure strain inducing martensitic phase
Tension test, which is carried out, under the environment and strain rate of variation force diagram obtains load-deformation curve, the load-deformation curve packet
Include the stress-strain part of plastic period and the stress-strain part of elastic deformation stage；
S2, " stairstepping " tensile sample with N number of deformation section is made in the metal material of the phase containing metastable austenite, and step
Tension test is carried out under the identical environment of S1 and strain rate to sample fracture；
" step type " tensile sample of N number of deformation section is divided into along the symmetrical two parts of median plane, by phase on middle part to two side directions
Two adjacent deformation sections are less than the section of the deformation section by side, the section of the deformation section by the section of the deformation section at middle part
With centerline parallel；
The strain inducing martensite content f of N number of deformation section characteristic portion in S3, determination step S2α′, the deformation section characteristic portion
Become the arbitrary point of cross section for " stairstepping " tensile sample；
S4, finite element model is established, the corresponding data in the stress-strain part of plastic period obtained in step S1 is made
For the constitutive model data of finite element simulation calculation, " stairstepping " tensile sample stress-strain during stretching point is simulated
Cloth obtains the corresponding N group strain stress that locates in step S3；
S5, the strain inducing martensite content f by the deformation section characteristic portion in step S3 and S4α′With the corresponding N that locates
The data of group strain stress carry out described point in reference axis, with fα′It is axis of abscissas for axis of ordinates, ε, uses Olson-Cohen mould
Type fα′=1-exp {-β [1-exp (- α ε)]nThe first factor alpha, the second factor beta, third coefficient n are fitted, and in reference axis
Matched curve is drawn out to get the strain inducing martensitic traoformation kinetic curve of the metal material of phase containing metastable austenite has been arrived.
2. a kind of method for measuring strain inducing martensitic traoformation kinetic curve according to claim 1, feature exist
In, in step s3, measurement strain inducing martensite content fα′Method are as follows: using ferrite instrument in fracture sample surface measurements
Or N number of deformation section wire cutting is removed and is measured using X-ray diffraction analysis technology.
3. a kind of method for measuring strain inducing martensitic traoformation kinetic curve according to claim 1, feature exist
In the shape of " step type " tensile sample of N number of deformation section includes the following steps: in making step S2
S21, tensile strength A and yield strength B of the standard tensile specimen in tension test and difference between the two are obtained, and
By difference N/2-1 equal part, obtaining N/2 stress value is respectively σi=A-i (A-B)/(N/2-1), wherein i=0,1,2,3,
4……(N/2-1)；
The length direction and centerline parallel of S22, setting " stairstepping " tensile sample, width and thickness direction are and center
Line is vertical；
Maximum, force of " stairstepping " tensile sample in tension test is F, the width point of the N/2 deformation section from middle part to side
It Wei not wi=F/ (δ σi), i=0,1,2,3,4 ... (N/2-1), wherein δ is the thickness of sample；
S23, it is equipped with arc structure between two is adjacent and deformation section of different size, the radius of arc structure is equal to two adjacent changes
The width of relatively narrow deformation section in shape section.
4. a kind of method for measuring strain inducing martensitic traoformation kinetic curve according to claim 1, feature exist
In the both ends of " stairstepping " tensile sample are respectively equipped with clamping end (1).
5. a kind of method for measuring strain inducing martensitic traoformation kinetic curve according to claim 1, feature exist
In, the variable diameter position of deformation section is arranged in the characteristic portion in the step S3, and the variable diameter position measurement of each deformation section is multiple,
Calculate strain inducing martensite content f of the average value as corresponding deformation sectionα′。
6. a kind of method for measuring strain inducing martensitic traoformation kinetic curve according to claim 5, feature exist
In, established in the step S4 finite element model and analysis the step of it is as follows:
S41, corresponding with " stairstepping " tensile sample mathematical model is established using finite element analysis software, then to being established
Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and the density of mathematical model definition material, and with the stress-of the plastic period obtained in step S1
The plastic deformation behavior of the data definition material of part is strained, the section attribute of definition material is isotropism solid material；
S42, creation boundary condition, a clamping end of " stairstepping " tensile sample is fixed, another clamping end with setting speed into
Row is uniaxially stretched, and is then carried out grid dividing to the mathematical model of " stairstepping " tensile sample, is converted into finite element model；
S43, above-mentioned finite element model is analyzed, obtains Strain Distribution cloud atlas, using data probe in above-mentioned each deformation
The variable diameter position measurement of section, the strain averaged after the variable diameter position measurement repeatedly of each deformation section as corresponding deformation section
ε。
7. a kind of method for measuring strain inducing martensitic traoformation kinetic curve according to claim 6, feature exist
In the grid dividing in step S42 is adaptive meshing algorithm, free mesh, scans one kind in grid dividing.
8. a kind of method for measuring strain inducing martensitic traoformation kinetic curve according to claim 6, feature exist
In the finite element analysis software is Abaqus software.
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