CN104677706B - Preparation method of variable-thickness plate sectional area unilateral tensile experiment sample - Google Patents
Preparation method of variable-thickness plate sectional area unilateral tensile experiment sample Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种变厚板等截面积单向拉伸试验试样的制备方法,其具体包括以下步骤:步骤1、对整块变厚板厚度分布进行测量,包括厚区厚度、薄区厚度以及过渡区厚度;步骤2、参照等厚板单向拉伸试验试样的制备标准,设计变厚板单向拉伸试验试样的夹持区长度、夹持区宽度以及夹持区到第一平行段(1)的过渡圆角半径;步骤3、选定厚区的第一平行段(1)的宽度;步骤4、选定厚区的第一平行段(1)宽度之后,计算出相应的截面积,即:通过厚区的第一平行段(1)宽度乘以相应的厚度;该方法能够使得试样尽量在过渡区内发生变形,以达到可以较为准确测定过渡区材料力学性能的目的,同时该方法制备的试样成本低,合格率高。
The invention discloses a method for preparing a uniaxial tensile test sample of equal cross-sectional area of a thickened plate, which specifically includes the following steps: Step 1, measuring the thickness distribution of the whole thickened plate, including the thickness of the thick area and the thickness of the thin area Thickness and transition zone thickness; Step 2, with reference to the preparation standard of equal thickness plate uniaxial tensile test sample, design the clamping zone length, clamping zone width and clamping zone to The transition fillet radius of the first parallel section (1); step 3, select the width of the first parallel section (1) in the thick area; step 4, after selecting the width of the first parallel section (1) in the thick area, calculate Calculate the corresponding cross-sectional area, that is, multiply the width of the first parallel section (1) passing through the thick zone by the corresponding thickness; this method can make the sample deform in the transition zone as much as possible, so as to achieve a more accurate measurement of the material mechanics of the transition zone. The purpose of performance, meanwhile, the cost of samples prepared by this method is low, and the qualified rate is high.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于连续变厚板(Variable Thickness Rolled Blanks,VRB)过渡区材料性能测试领域,具体涉及一种变厚板等截面积单向拉伸试验试样的制备方法。The invention belongs to the field of material performance testing of a variable thickness Rolled Blanks (VRB) transition zone, and in particular relates to a method for preparing a variable thickness plate equal-sectional area uniaxial tensile test sample.
背景技术Background technique
传统的材料性能试验中,主要包括单向拉伸、单向压缩、双向拉伸试验,与之相对应的应力场分别是单向拉力、单向压力、双向拉力。单向拉伸试验可以研究材料在不同应力状态下的反应,不论对于全面认识材料性能还是指导材料力学的科研与应用都具有较为重要的意义。Traditional material performance tests mainly include unidirectional tensile, unidirectional compression, and bidirectional tensile tests, and the corresponding stress fields are unidirectional tensile, unidirectional compression, and bidirectional tensile, respectively. The uniaxial tensile test can study the response of materials under different stress states, which is of great significance for a comprehensive understanding of material properties and for guiding the research and application of material mechanics.
随着我国汽车保有量的增加,汽车用材也随之增加,当代汽车用材中用的最多的便是钢板。传统的车用板材是等厚的,因为其具有较多的优点,例如:加工工艺成熟,制备相对较为简单等,另一方面,等厚板也具有较为突出的缺点,尤其是在提出汽车轻量化的概念之后,等厚板尽管能满足强度刚度等要求,但很难实现轻量化的目的。随着科学技术的发展,新的板材制造工艺不断出现,近年来,激光拼焊板、连续变厚板相继出现,这样的板材既能满足汽车轻量化的要求,也可以满足汽车对板材强度和刚度的要求。但问题也随之而来,对于等厚板来说,等厚板单向拉伸试验的试样已经有相应的国标《GB/T_228-2010_金属材料_拉伸试验_室温试验方法》。在国标中,对于试样的尺寸给出了相当详细的描述。而对于变厚板,由于其存在一个过渡区,所以单向拉伸试样的制备不同于等厚板单向拉伸试验试样的制备,却也没有相应的标准来指导变厚板单向拉伸试验试样的制备。With the increase of the number of automobiles in our country, the number of automobile materials also increases, and the steel plate is the most used in contemporary automobile materials. The traditional vehicle plate is of equal thickness because it has many advantages, such as mature processing technology and relatively simple preparation. After the concept of quantification, although the equal thickness plate can meet the requirements of strength and stiffness, it is difficult to achieve the purpose of light weight. With the development of science and technology, new sheet manufacturing processes are emerging. In recent years, laser welded blanks and continuous thickening sheets have appeared one after another. Such sheets can not only meet the requirements of automobile lightweight, but also meet the requirements of automobiles on sheet strength and Stiffness requirements. But problems also follow. For equal thickness plates, there is already a corresponding national standard "GB/T_228-2010_Metallic Materials_Tension Test_Test Method at Room Temperature" for samples of equal thickness plate uniaxial tensile test. In the national standard, a fairly detailed description is given for the size of the sample. For the thickened plate, due to the existence of a transition zone, the preparation of the uniaxial tensile test specimen is different from the preparation of the uniaxial tensile test specimen of the equal thickness plate, but there is no corresponding standard to guide the uniaxial tensile test of the thickened plate. Preparation of tensile test specimens.
对于变厚板单向拉伸试验试样的制备,很多学者已经做出了大量的研究,如张华伟《轧制差厚板成形性能研究》,李艳华《影响TRB单向拉伸的几何参数研究》。但做出的试样其变形还是不能集中到过渡区,在拉伸试验刚开始时刻,试样的变形便集中在薄区,因此对于获取过渡区的材料性能有很大的阻碍,综上,亟需提出一种变厚板单向拉伸试验试样制备的新方法,解决现有变厚板单向拉伸试验试样存在的问题,使其变形尽量集中在过渡区,这样更加有利于获得过渡区的材料性能。Many scholars have done a lot of research on the preparation of uniaxial tensile test specimens for thickened plates, such as Zhang Huawei's "Research on Formability of Rolled Thick Plates", Li Yanhua's "Research on Geometric Parameters Affecting TRB Uniaxial Tensile" . However, the deformation of the prepared sample cannot be concentrated in the transition area. At the beginning of the tensile test, the deformation of the sample is concentrated in the thin area, so there is a great obstacle to obtaining the material properties of the transition area. In summary, There is an urgent need to propose a new method for the preparation of thickened plate uniaxial tensile test specimens to solve the problems existing in the existing thickened plate uniaxial tensile test specimens, so that the deformation can be concentrated in the transition zone as much as possible, which is more conducive to Obtain the material properties of the transition zone.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对现有变厚板单向拉伸试验试样存在的不足,提出一种过渡区等截面积试样的制备方法。The invention proposes a preparation method of a sample with an equal cross-sectional area in a transition zone aiming at the shortcomings of the existing uniaxial tensile test sample of a thickened plate.
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:一种变厚板等截面积单向拉伸试验试样的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a method for preparing a uniaxial tensile test sample of a thickened plate with equal cross-sectional area, specifically comprising the following steps:
步骤1、对整块变厚板厚度分布进行测量,包括厚区厚度、薄区厚度以及过渡区厚度;Step 1. Measure the thickness distribution of the entire variable thickness plate, including the thickness of the thick zone, the thickness of the thin zone and the thickness of the transition zone;
步骤2、参照等厚板单向拉伸试验试样的制备标准,即《GB/T_228-2010金属材料拉伸试验室温试验方法》设计变厚板单向拉伸试验试样的夹持区长度、夹持区宽度以及夹持区到第一平行段的过渡圆角半径;Step 2. Refer to the preparation standard for uniaxial tensile test specimens of equal thickness plates, namely "GB/T_228-2010 Test Method for Tensile Test of Metal Materials at Room Temperature" to design the length of the clamping area of thick plate uniaxial tensile test specimens , the width of the clamping area and the transition fillet radius from the clamping area to the first parallel segment;
步骤3、选定厚区的第一平行段的宽度;Step 3, select the width of the first parallel segment of the thick zone;
步骤4、选定厚区的第一平行段宽度之后,计算出相应的截面积,即:标距宽度换为厚区的第一平行段宽度乘以相应的厚度;Step 4. After selecting the width of the first parallel section of the thick zone, calculate the corresponding cross-sectional area, that is: change the gauge width to the width of the first parallel section of the thick zone multiplied by the corresponding thickness;
步骤5、在步骤4中确定了相应的截面积后,用截面积除以另一侧薄区的厚度得到相应的另一侧薄区的第一平行段的宽度;Step 5, after determining the corresponding cross-sectional area in step 4, divide the cross-sectional area by the thickness of the other side thin area to obtain the corresponding width of the first parallel segment of the other side thin area;
根据截面积相等计算出另一侧薄区的第一平行段的宽度;Calculate the width of the first parallel segment of the thin area on the other side according to the equal cross-sectional area;
步骤6、选定厚区的第二平行段的宽度;Step 6, select the width of the second parallel section of the thick zone;
步骤7、选定厚区的第二平行段宽度之后,计算出相应的截面积,即:第二平行段2宽度乘以相应的厚度;Step 7, after selecting the width of the second parallel section of the thick zone, calculate the corresponding cross-sectional area, that is: multiply the width of the second parallel section 2 by the corresponding thickness;
步骤8、在步骤7中确定了相应的截面积后,用截面积除以另一侧的薄区厚度得到相应的另一侧薄区的第二平行段的宽度;Step 8, after determining the corresponding cross-sectional area in step 7, divide the cross-sectional area by the thickness of the thin area on the other side to obtain the width of the second parallel segment of the corresponding thin area on the other side;
步骤9、根据以上步骤确定的尺寸,确定过渡区宽度连续变化的等截面积变厚板单向拉伸试样整体的外形尺寸。Step 9. According to the dimensions determined in the above steps, determine the overall external dimensions of the uniaxial tensile specimen of the constant-sectional-area variable-thickness plate whose width in the transition zone continuously changes.
进一步地本发明还提供了一种变厚板等截面积单向拉伸试验试样的制备方法,其具体包括以下步骤:Further the present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of uniaxial tensile test sample of equal cross-sectional area of thickened plate, it specifically comprises the following steps:
步骤1、对整块变厚板厚度分布进行测量,包括厚区厚度、薄区厚度以及过渡区厚度;Step 1. Measure the thickness distribution of the entire variable thickness plate, including the thickness of the thick zone, the thickness of the thin zone and the thickness of the transition zone;
步骤2、参照等厚板单向拉伸试验试样的制备标准,即《GB/T_228-2010金属材料拉伸试验室温试验方法》设计变厚板单向拉伸试验试样的夹持区长度、夹持区宽度 以及夹持区到第一平行段的过渡圆角半径;Step 2. Refer to the preparation standard for uniaxial tensile test specimens of equal thickness plates, namely "GB/T_228-2010 Test Method for Tensile Test of Metal Materials at Room Temperature" to design the length of the clamping area of thick plate uniaxial tensile test specimens , the width of the clamping area and the transition fillet radius from the clamping area to the first parallel section;
步骤3、选定薄区的第一平行段的宽度,Step 3, select the width of the first parallel segment of the thin area,
步骤4、选定薄区的第一平行段的宽度后,计算出相应的截面积,即:薄区的第一平行段的宽度乘以相应的厚度;Step 4, after selecting the width of the first parallel section of the thin area, calculate the corresponding cross-sectional area, that is: multiply the width of the first parallel section of the thin area by the corresponding thickness;
步骤5、在步骤4中确定了截面积后,用截面积除以另一侧的厚区厚度得到相应的另一侧厚区的第一平行段的宽度;Step 5. After determining the cross-sectional area in step 4, divide the cross-sectional area by the thickness of the thick zone on the other side to obtain the width of the first parallel section of the corresponding thick zone on the other side;
步骤6、选定薄区的第二平行段的宽度;Step 6, the width of the second parallel segment of the selected thin area;
步骤7、选定薄区的第二平行段宽度之后,计算出相应的截面积,即:薄区的第二平行段2宽度乘以相应的厚度;Step 7, after selecting the width of the second parallel section of the thin area, calculate the corresponding cross-sectional area, that is: multiply the width of the second parallel section 2 of the thin area by the corresponding thickness;
步骤8、在步骤7中确定了相应的截面积后,用截面积除以另一侧厚区的厚度得到相应的另一侧厚区的第二平行段的宽度;Step 8, after determining the corresponding cross-sectional area in step 7, divide the cross-sectional area by the thickness of the other side thick region to obtain the corresponding width of the second parallel section of the other side thick region;
步骤9、根据以上步骤确定的尺寸,确定过渡区标距连续变化的等截面变厚板单向拉伸试样整体的外形尺寸。Step 9. According to the dimensions determined in the above steps, determine the overall external dimensions of the uniaxial tensile specimen of the constant-section thickened plate whose gauge length continuously changes in the transition zone.
本发明的有益效果在于:在做单向拉伸试验时,试样能够尽量在过渡区内发生变形,以达到可以较为准确测定过渡区材料力学性能的目的,同时该方法制备的试样成本低,合格率高,利用该试样进行试验,极大地提高了试验成功率和试验的效率。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that: when doing the uniaxial tensile test, the sample can be deformed in the transition zone as much as possible, so as to achieve the purpose of more accurately measuring the mechanical properties of the material in the transition zone, and at the same time, the cost of the sample prepared by this method is low , the pass rate is high, using this sample for testing greatly improves the success rate of the test and the efficiency of the test.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1变厚板示意图;Fig. 1 schematic diagram of thickened plate;
图2变厚板厚区、薄区以及过渡区厚度测量图;Fig. 2 Thickness measurement chart of the thickness zone, thin zone and transition zone of the thickened plate;
图3试样各区域示意图;Figure 3 Schematic diagram of each area of the sample;
图4变厚板等截面单向拉伸试验试样几何尺寸图;Fig. 4 Geometric dimension diagram of specimens for uniaxial tensile test of variable thickness plate with equal cross-section;
图5等截面积试样过渡区上点的应力-塑性应变图;The stress-plastic strain diagram of the point on the transition zone of the sample of equal cross-sectional area in Fig. 5;
图6一般试样过渡区上点的应力-塑性应变图。Figure 6 The stress-plastic strain diagram of a point on the transition zone of a general sample.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下将结合说明书附图1-6和具体实施例对本发明作详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawings 1-6 of the description and specific embodiments.
本发明提供了一种变厚板等截面积单向拉伸试验试样的制备方法,其具体包括以下步骤:The invention provides a method for preparing a uniaxial tensile test sample of a thickened plate with equal cross-sectional area, which specifically includes the following steps:
步骤1、对整块变厚板厚度分布进行测量:厚区厚度、薄区厚度以及过渡区厚度,该实施例中用到的变厚板板料整体尺寸为1000*400mm。Step 1. Measure the thickness distribution of the entire variable-thickness plate: the thickness of the thick zone, the thickness of the thin zone, and the thickness of the transition zone. The overall size of the variable-thickness plate used in this embodiment is 1000*400mm.
如图1所示为整块变厚板,其包括厚区、薄区以及过渡区。该步骤中对整块变厚板板料要截取试样的厚度分布进行测量,用到的测量工具是卡规,为保证测量数据的准确性,在薄区、厚区以及过渡区均采用多点测量,再求平均值的方法。As shown in Figure 1, it is a whole thickened plate, which includes a thick zone, a thin zone and a transition zone. In this step, the thickness distribution of the sample to be intercepted for the entire thickened plate is measured. The measuring tool used is a caliper. In order to ensure the accuracy of the measurement data, multiple Point measurement, and then the average method.
如图2所示:测量厚区和薄区厚度时沿轧制方向及垂直轧制方向分别等间距取5个点,两点间距为5mm,测量每个点处的厚度值,测量过渡区厚度时在两边分别等间距取5个点,两点间距为5mm,测量每个点的厚度值测量完后进行数据处理,最终得到变厚板厚区厚度即:厚区13个点求平均值为1.85mm,薄区厚度即薄区13个点求平均值为1.1mm,过渡区厚度编号1、2、3、4、5每个对应上下两个点求平均的过渡区厚度分布如下表(从厚区依次到薄区):As shown in Figure 2: When measuring the thickness of the thick zone and the thin zone, take 5 points at equal intervals along the rolling direction and the vertical rolling direction, and the distance between the two points is 5mm, measure the thickness value at each point, and measure the thickness of the transition zone Take 5 points at equal intervals on both sides, and the distance between the two points is 5mm. After measuring the thickness value of each point, perform data processing, and finally obtain the thickness of the thickened plate thickness area, that is: the average value of 13 points in the thick area is 1.85mm, the thickness of the thin area means that the average value of 13 points in the thin area is 1.1mm, and the thickness numbers of the transition area 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 correspond to the distribution of the transition area thickness averaged by the upper and lower points in the following table (from thick area to thin area):
步骤2、参照等厚板单向拉伸试验试样的制备标准,即《GB/T_228-2010_金属材料_拉伸试验_室温试验方法》设计变厚板单向拉伸试验试样的夹持区长度、夹持区宽度、夹持区到第一平行段1的过渡圆角半径;Step 2. Refer to the preparation standard for uniaxial tensile test specimens of equal thickness plates, that is, "GB/T_228-2010_Metallic Materials_Tension Test_Test Method at Room Temperature" to design clamps for uniaxial tensile test specimens of thicker plates The length of the holding area, the width of the holding area, the radius of the transition fillet from the holding area to the first parallel section 1;
该步骤中,参照等厚板单向拉伸试验试样的制备标准进行设计计算,等厚板单向拉伸试验试样标准是《GB/T_228-2010_金属材料_拉伸试验_室温试验方法》其中表B.1给出了矩形横截面比例试样尺寸,表B.2给出了矩形横截面比例试样尺寸。参照这些给出的试样尺寸,确定变厚板单向拉伸试验试样的夹持区长度、夹持区到第一平行段1的过渡圆角半径;In this step, the design calculation is carried out with reference to the preparation standard of the uniaxial tensile test sample of the equal thickness plate. Method", in which Table B.1 gives the dimensions of the proportional sample with rectangular cross-section, and Table B.2 gives the dimension of the proportional sample with rectangular cross-section. With reference to these given sample dimensions, determine the clamping zone length and the transition fillet radius from the clamping zone to the first parallel section 1 of the thickened plate uniaxial tensile test sample;
其中:本发明中的试样包含两类平行段,在这里为了说明方便,将它们分别记为第一平行段1、第二平行段2,如图3所示:第一平行段1代表两端与过渡圆角直接相连的平行区域,第二平行段2代表两端与过渡区直接相连的平行区域。如图3所示,在本发明的具体实施例中,两端夹持区宽度为30mm,夹持区长度为35mm,夹持区到第一平行段1的过渡圆角半径为25mm,第一平行段1到第二平行段2的过渡圆角半径为8mm;其相应的位置如图中黑色线框所示。Wherein: the sample in the present invention comprises two types of parallel segments, here for the convenience of explanation, they are respectively recorded as the first parallel segment 1, the second parallel segment 2, as shown in Figure 3: the first parallel segment 1 represents two The parallel region whose ends are directly connected to the transition fillet, and the second parallel segment 2 represents the parallel region whose two ends are directly connected to the transition region. As shown in Figure 3, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the width of the clamping area at both ends is 30 mm, the length of the clamping area is 35 mm, and the radius of the transition fillet from the clamping area to the first parallel section 1 is 25 mm. The radius of the transition fillet from the parallel segment 1 to the second parallel segment 2 is 8mm; its corresponding position is shown in the black line frame in the figure.
步骤3、参照等厚板单向拉伸试验试样的制备标准,选定薄区的第一平行段1的宽度;Step 3, referring to the preparation standard of the uniaxial tensile test sample of the equal thickness plate, the width of the first parallel section 1 of the selected thin area;
本实施例中先选定薄区的第一平行段1的宽度为13.46mm,In the present embodiment, the width of the first parallel section 1 of the selected thin area is 13.46 mm.
步骤4、选定薄区的第一平行段1的宽度后,计算出相应的截面积,即:薄区的第一平行段1的宽度乘以相应的厚度;Step 4, after selecting the width of the first parallel section 1 of the thin area, calculate the corresponding cross-sectional area, that is: multiply the width of the first parallel section 1 of the thin area by the corresponding thickness;
步骤3中薄区的第一平行段1的宽度为13.46mm,因此相应的面积为13.46*1.1=14.806mm2,The width of the first parallel segment 1 of the thin zone in step 3 is 13.46mm, so the corresponding area is 13.46*1.1=14.806mm 2 ,
步骤5、在步骤4中确定了截面积后,用截面积除以另一侧的厚区厚度得到相应的另一侧厚区的第一平行段1的宽度;Step 5, after determining the cross-sectional area in step 4, divide the cross-sectional area by the thickness of the thick zone on the other side to obtain the width of the first parallel segment 1 of the corresponding thick zone on the other side;
步骤3中截面积为14.806mm2,因此与之相应的另一侧厚区的第一平行段1的宽度为14.806/1.85=8.0032mm,取8mm。The cross-sectional area in step 3 is 14.806mm 2 , so the corresponding width of the first parallel section 1 of the other side thick region is 14.806/1.85=8.0032mm, which is 8mm.
步骤6、参照等厚板单向拉伸试验试样的制备标准选定薄区的第二平行段2的宽度;Step 6, referring to the preparation standard of the equal thickness plate uniaxial tensile test sample, the width of the second parallel section 2 of the selected thin area;
本实施例中先确定薄区的第二平行段2的宽度,等厚板单向拉伸试验试样标准《GB/T_228-2010_金属材料_拉伸试验_室温试验方法》中有一系列标距宽度数据,由于本实施例中试样是非标准,因此根据相关文献及经验,在本实施例中选择薄区的第二平行段2的宽度为12.5mm。In this embodiment, the width of the second parallel section 2 of the thin zone is first determined, and there are a series of standards in the standard "GB/T_228-2010_Metallic Materials_Tension Test_Room Temperature Test Method" for uniaxial tensile test specimens of equal thickness plates. From the width data, since the sample in this embodiment is non-standard, according to relevant literature and experience, the width of the second parallel segment 2 of the thin area is selected as 12.5 mm in this embodiment.
步骤7、选定薄区的第二平行段2宽度之后,计算出相应的截面积,即:薄区的第二平行段2宽度乘以相应的厚度;Step 7, after selecting the width of the second parallel section 2 of the thin area, calculate the corresponding cross-sectional area, that is: multiply the width of the second parallel section 2 of the thin area by the corresponding thickness;
在步骤1中已经测得薄区厚度为1.1mm,步骤4中也确定了薄区的第二平行段2宽度为12.5mm,所以可以得出截面积为1.1*12.5=13.75mm2。The thickness of the thin area has been measured to be 1.1 mm in step 1, and the width of the second parallel segment 2 of the thin area is also determined to be 12.5 mm in step 4, so the cross-sectional area can be obtained as 1.1*12.5=13.75 mm 2 .
步骤8、在步骤7中确定了相应的截面积后,用此截面积除以另一侧厚区的厚度便可以得到另一侧厚区的第二平行段2的宽度;Step 8, after determining the corresponding cross-sectional area in step 7, divide the cross-sectional area by the thickness of the other side thick region to obtain the width of the second parallel section 2 of the other side thick region;
步骤7中计算得到了薄区的截面积为13.75mm2,在步骤1中也测得了厚区的厚度为1.85mm,所以厚区的第二平行段2的宽度为13.75/1.85=7.4324mm,保留两位小数为7.43mm。The cross-sectional area of the thin area calculated in step 7 is 13.75 mm 2 , and the thickness of the thick area is also measured as 1.85 mm in step 1, so the width of the second parallel section 2 of the thick area is 13.75/1.85=7.4324 mm, Reserve two decimal places as 7.43mm.
步骤9、将以上获得的各个尺寸综合,即能够得到过渡区标距连续变化的等截面变厚板单向拉伸试样整体的外形尺寸;Step 9. Combining the dimensions obtained above, that is, the overall external dimensions of the uniaxial tensile specimen of the equal-section thickened plate with continuous change in the gauge length of the transition zone can be obtained;
如图4所示:两端夹持区宽度为30mm,夹持区长度为35mm,夹持区到平行区的 过渡圆角半径为25mm,薄区和厚区的第一平行段1宽度分别为13.46mm和8mm,薄区和厚区的第二平行段2宽度分别为12.5mm和7.43mm。As shown in Figure 4: the width of the clamping area at both ends is 30 mm, the length of the clamping area is 35 mm, the radius of the transition fillet from the clamping area to the parallel area is 25 mm, and the widths of the first parallel section 1 of the thin area and the thick area are respectively 13.46mm and 8mm, and the widths of the second parallel section 2 of the thin and thick regions are 12.5mm and 7.43mm respectively.
需要指出的是上述设计中未涉及第一平行段1与第二平行段2具体的长度尺寸,这是因为这两类平行段的长度对试样最终要达到的效果影响较小,两类平行段长度可以各占总尺寸减掉夹持区、过渡圆角、第二平行段2到第一平行段1的小圆角尺寸后的一半。It should be pointed out that the specific length dimensions of the first parallel segment 1 and the second parallel segment 2 are not involved in the above design, because the lengths of these two types of parallel segments have little influence on the final effect of the sample. The segment lengths can each account for half of the total size minus the dimensions of the clamping area, the transition fillets, and the small fillets of the second parallel segment 2 to the first parallel segment 1 .
对按上述设计尺寸加工的变厚板试样以及标准尺寸试样进行拉伸试验,两种试样最终断裂的位置差不多是一致的。但是他们各自过渡区上位置基本相同的点的变形是不同的,如图5、6所示:在图5中过渡区各点的塑性变形都比图6中各点的塑性变形有提高。这说明等截面积单向拉伸试样比变厚板一般试样在过渡区内的变形要均匀一些。Tensile tests were carried out on the thickened plate samples processed according to the above-mentioned design dimensions and the standard size samples, and the final fracture positions of the two samples were almost the same. However, the deformations of the points in their respective transition zones that are basically the same position are different, as shown in Figures 5 and 6: the plastic deformation of each point in the transition zone in Figure 5 is higher than that of each point in Figure 6. This shows that the deformation of the uniform cross-sectional area uniaxial tensile sample is more uniform than that of the general sample of the thickened plate in the transition zone.
变厚板一般单向试样拉伸试验仿真结果与等截面积单向拉伸试验仿真结果显示,对于变厚板一般试样来说,拉伸仿真刚刚开始时,变形就集中在变厚板的薄区,这样得到的材料性能只能表征薄区的材料性能,而不是过渡区的材料性能,对于等截面积试样来说,其变形集中在过渡区,直到产生较大应变时才会产生集中。因此与一般的变厚板试样相比较,按照本发明制造的试样可以更好的测量过渡区的材料性能。另外,仿真的结果跟试验得到的结果也是较为吻合的。The simulation results of the general uniaxial tensile test of the thickened plate and the simulation results of the uniaxial tensile test of the equal cross-sectional area show that for the general sample of the thickened plate, the deformation is concentrated in the thickened plate at the beginning of the tensile simulation. The thin area, the material properties obtained in this way can only characterize the material properties of the thin area, not the material properties of the transition area. For samples with equal cross-sectional area, the deformation is concentrated in the transition area until a large strain is generated. produce concentration. Therefore, compared with general thickened plate samples, the samples manufactured according to the present invention can better measure the material properties of the transition zone. In addition, the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results.
在试件试验过程中,如果最后的断裂仍然是集中到一端,这样的话不能较好的确定拉伸的曲线是哪个位置的曲线,为解决这个问题可以继续改变试样各部分的尺寸,这样进一步完善本发明。直至断裂位置位于过渡区中间位置或是试验者想要的断裂位置为止。During the test of the specimen, if the final fracture is still concentrated at one end, it is not possible to better determine which position the tensile curve is. To solve this problem, you can continue to change the size of each part of the specimen, so that further Perfect the present invention. Until the fracture position is in the middle of the transition zone or the fracture position desired by the experimenter.
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