CN108956322A - A method of for testing S-shaped material for test bending property parameter - Google Patents
A method of for testing S-shaped material for test bending property parameter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108956322A CN108956322A CN201810376047.6A CN201810376047A CN108956322A CN 108956322 A CN108956322 A CN 108956322A CN 201810376047 A CN201810376047 A CN 201810376047A CN 108956322 A CN108956322 A CN 108956322A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- bending
- section
- bending section
- starting
- length
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/20—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady bending forces
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods for testing S-shaped material for test bending property parameter, comprising: determines structure size；It is divided into starting straightway, starting bending section, middle straight line section, bending section is terminated and terminates straightway；It will starting bending section and the termination incorgruous bending of bending section；Measure the length of each straightway and the bending angle of bending section and bending radius；Calculate practical length of run TL0；The start-stop bending section is subjected to second order buckling again, by the reversed second order buckling of the termination bending section；The length MLE of the length MLS of starting straightway, the length MLM of middle straight line section, termination straightway after measuring second order buckling, it the radius MRS for originating bending section, the radius MRE for terminating bending section, originates the bending angle MAS of bending section and terminates the bending angle MAE of bending section；The secondary practical length of run ML0 of calculation testing piece；Calculate bending property parameter.The material that the present invention does not need every batch of is all tested and is emulated, therefore can be substantially reduced cost and be shortened the period.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Plastic working " fields, are a kind of for testing S-shaped material for test bending property specifically
The method of parameter.
Background technique
In Plastic working " field, either plate, profile, tubing or bar, bending forming is all most common
A kind of processing method.Due to the particularity of Plastic Forming, material upon bending main feature show as bending after material elongation and
Material rebounds.Processing precision of products is stepped up with modern industry, control bending elongation, bending springback angle are
As the determining necessary link of bending process parameter.Therefore, it tests and grasps material bending performance parameter as technology people
Member's focus of attention.
Under normal circumstances, elongation Δ L coincidence formula Δ L=λ × π × R × A/180, wherein λ is bending elongation percentage, and R is
Bending radius, A are bending angle.Springback angle Δ A coincidence formula Δ A=a+b × A, wherein a is fixed springback angle, and b is the coefficient of resilience.
Therefore, extended after directly affecting bending and the material bending performance parameter of rebound have 3: bending elongation percentage λ, fixed springback angle a,
Coefficient of resilience b.Currently, obtaining material stress strain curve generally by raw material stretching experiment, compression experiment, then being counted
It is worth simulation analysis, obtains bending elongation percentage, fixed springback angle, the coefficient of resilience indirectly.If every batch of material all carry out stretching experiment,
Compression experiment and simulation analysis, cost is big, the period is long, is unable to satisfy the demand of lean production；And simulation analysis is used to obtain
Bending elongation percentage, fixed springback angle, the coefficient of resilience be indirect data, the reliability of data also needs Late Stage Verification.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods for testing S-shaped material for test bending property parameter, for solving
Every batch of material is certainly needed to carry out test more and emulate the problem for causing cost large period long in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A method of for testing S-shaped material for test bending property parameter, comprising:
Step S100: determine that the structure size of S-shaped test specimen, the structure size include cross sectional shape, thickness and width；
Step S200: intercepted length is the test specimen of TL1, marks start-stop position respectively on the test specimen, the test specimen is divided into
Three straightways and two bending sections respectively are starting straightway, starting bending section, middle straight line section, terminate bending section
With termination straightway；
Step S300: setting bending process parameter, the bending process parameter includes rate of bending, pressure, lubricating condition；
Step S400: according to the bending process parameter, the starting bending section is bent, the termination bending section is adopted
Back-flexing is distinguished with identical bending process parameter；
Step S500: measurement starting length of straigh line TLS after bending, middle straight line segment length TLM, length of straigh line is terminated
TLE, it starting bending section radius TRS, starting bending section bending angle TAS, terminates bending section radius TRE and terminates curved end bending angle
TAE；
Step S400: by formula TL0=TLS+TLM+TLE+ π × TRS × TAS/180+ π × TRE × TAE/180, examination is calculated
The practical length of run TL0 of part；
Step S500: according to the bending process parameter, the start-stop bending section is subjected to second order buckling again, by the end
Only bending section distinguishes reversed second order buckling using identical bending process parameter；
Step S600: the length MLS of starting straightway, the length MLM of middle straight line section, termination straight line after measurement second order buckling
The length MLE of section, the radius MRS for originating bending section, the radius MRE for terminating bending section, the bending angle MAS for originating bending section and end
The only bending angle MAE of bending section；
Step S700: by formula ML0=MLS+MLM+MLE+ π × MRS × MAS/180+ π × MRE × MAE/180, examination is calculated
The secondary practical length of run ML0 of part；
Step S800: calculating bending property parameter, and bending property parameter includes bending elongation percentage λ, fixed springback angle a and rebound
Coefficient b, in which:
λ=(ML0-TL0)/(π × TRS × TAS/180+ π × TRE × TAE/180)；
a=(MAE×TAS-MAS×TAE)/(TAE-TAS)；
b=1-(MAE-MAS)/(TAE-TAS)。
Working principle:
Test specimen after bending is measured and is calculated by incorgruous crooked experiment twice in succession using identical bending process parameter,
The material bending performance parameter for directly obtaining material is bent elongation percentage λ, fixed springback angle a and coefficient of resilience b, same material
Bending property parameter it is consistent, it is consequently possible to calculate elongation Δ L out: Δ L=λ × π × R × A/180, wherein R be starting
Bending section and the bending radius for terminating bending section, A are the bending angle for originating bending section or terminating bending section, can also be calculated back
Play angle Δ A: Δ A=a+b × A；Therefore the bending angle and springback angle of every kind of material can be accurately calculated, to reach control
The purpose of bending elongation, bending springback angle, the material for not needing every batch of are all tested and are emulated, therefore can be significantly
It reduces cost and shortens the period.
Further, the bending angle TAS of the starting bending section is 10 °~50 °.
The bending angle for originating bending section is suitable for low-angle, i.e., positive bending belongs to the upper section bending section in " S " type test specimen
Position, when bending angle is too big or too small, leads to the bad measurement of the bending angle of this section.
Further, the bending angle TAS for terminating curved end is 100 °~150 °.
Working principle
When the bending angle TAS of starting bending section is 10 °~50 °, the bending angle TAS for terminating curved end is 100 °~150 °, the two
Constitute incorgruous bending.Make " S " type component along center point symmetry.
Further, the radius of the starting bending section is equal with the termination radius of bending section.
Working principle
When the radius for originating bending section is equal with the termination radius of bending section, calculating process can simplify.
Further, the cross sectional shape is rectangle, with a thickness of 2mm and width is 6mm.
Working principle
Using the component of regular shape, convenient for measuring the parameter of component.
Compared with prior art, the present invention have the following advantages that and the utility model has the advantages that
(1) present invention avoids conventional approach from obtaining stretching experiment, compression experiment and number that material bending performance parameter needs to carry out
Value simulation analysis there are the problem of, the material bending performance parameter for directly obtaining material is simple, practical and reliable, test process effect
Rate is high, at low cost, the period is short.
(2) this test method directly tests raw material, does not use indirect measurement, and test data is true, calculates
Method is simple and reliable.Numerical Simulation Analysis link has especially been abandoned, the confidence level of test data is greatly improved.
(3) it can be used for the bendability of the plate of the various alloy materials such as aluminium, steel, titanium, copper, bar, silk material, tubing, profile
Energy parameter testing, has a wide range of application, significant effect.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to embodiment, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1:
A method of for testing S-shaped material for test bending property parameter, comprising:
Step S100: determine that the structure size of S-shaped test specimen, the structure size include cross sectional shape, thickness and width；
Step S200: intercepted length is the test specimen of TL1, marks start-stop position respectively on the test specimen, the test specimen is divided into
Three straightways and two bending sections respectively are starting straightway, starting bending section, middle straight line section, terminate bending section
With termination straightway；
Step S300: setting bending process parameter, the bending process parameter includes rate of bending, pressure, lubricating condition；
Step S400: according to the bending process parameter, the starting bending section is bent, the termination bending section is adopted
Back-flexing is distinguished with identical bending process parameter；
Step S500: measurement starting length of straigh line TLS after bending, middle straight line segment length TLM, length of straigh line is terminated
TLE, it starting bending section radius TRS, starting bending section bending angle TAS, terminates bending section radius TRE and terminates curved end bending angle
TAE；
Step S400: by formula TL0=TLS+TLM+TLE+ π × TRS × TAS/180+ π × TRE × TAE/180, examination is calculated
The practical length of run TL0 of part；
Step S500: according to the bending process parameter, the start-stop bending section is subjected to second order buckling again, by the end
Only bending section distinguishes reversed second order buckling using identical bending process parameter；
Step S600: the length MLS of starting straightway, the length MLM of middle straight line section, termination straight line after measurement second order buckling
The length MLE of section, the radius MRS for originating bending section, the radius MRE for terminating bending section, the bending angle MAS for originating bending section and end
The only bending angle MAE of bending section；
Step S700: by formula ML0=MLS+MLM+MLE+ π × MRS × MAS/180+ π × MRE × MAE/180, examination is calculated
The secondary practical length of run ML0 of part；
Step S800: calculating bending property parameter, and bending property parameter includes bending elongation percentage λ, fixed springback angle a and rebound
Coefficient b, in which:
λ=(ML0-TL0)/(π × TRS × TAS/180+ π × TRE × TAE/180)；
a=(MAE×TAS-MAS×TAE)/(TAE-TAS)；
b=1-(MAE-MAS)/(TAE-TAS)。
Working principle:
Test specimen after bending is measured and is calculated by incorgruous crooked experiment twice in succession using identical bending process parameter,
The material bending performance parameter for directly obtaining material is bent elongation percentage λ, fixed springback angle a and coefficient of resilience b, same material
Bending property parameter it is consistent, it is consequently possible to calculate elongation Δ L out: Δ L=λ × π × R × A/180, wherein R be starting
Bending section and the bending radius for terminating bending section, A are the bending angle for originating bending section or terminating bending section, can also be calculated back
Play angle Δ A: Δ A=a+b × A；Therefore the bending angle and springback angle of every kind of material can be accurately calculated, to reach control
The purpose of bending elongation, bending springback angle, the material for not needing every batch of are all tested and are emulated, therefore can be significantly
It reduces cost and shortens the period.
Embodiment 2:
On the basis of embodiment 1, the bending angle TAS of the starting bending section is 10 °~50 °.
The bending angle for originating bending section is suitable for low-angle, i.e., positive bending belongs to the upper section bending section in " S " type test specimen
Position, when bending angle is too big or too small, leads to the bad measurement of the bending angle of this section.
Further, the bending angle TAS for terminating curved end is 100 °~150 °.
Working principle
When the bending angle TAS of starting bending section is 10 °~50 °, the bending angle TAS for terminating curved end is 100 °~150 °, the two
Constitute incorgruous bending.Make " S " type component along center point symmetry.
Further, the radius of the starting bending section is equal with the termination radius of bending section.
Working principle
When the radius for originating bending section is equal with the termination radius of bending section, calculating process can simplify.
Further, the cross sectional shape is rectangle, with a thickness of 2mm and width is 6mm.
Working principle
Using the component of regular shape, convenient for measuring the parameter of component.
The above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not does limitation in any form to the present invention, it is all according to
According to technical spirit any simple modification to the above embodiments of the invention, equivalent variations, protection of the invention is each fallen within
Within the scope of.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method for testing S-shaped material for test bending property parameter characterized by comprising
Step S100: determine that the structure size of S-shaped test specimen, the structure size include cross sectional shape, thickness and width；
Step S200: intercepted length is the test specimen of TL1, marks start-stop position respectively on the test specimen, the test specimen is divided into
Three straightways and two bending sections respectively are starting straightway, starting bending section, middle straight line section, terminate bending section
With termination straightway；
Step S300: setting bending process parameter, the bending process parameter includes rate of bending, pressure, lubricating condition；
Step S400: according to the bending process parameter, the starting bending section is bent, the termination bending section is adopted
Back-flexing is distinguished with identical bending process parameter；
Step S500: measurement starting length of straigh line TLS after bending, middle straight line segment length TLM, length of straigh line is terminated
TLE, it starting bending section radius TRS, starting bending section bending angle TAS, terminates bending section radius TRE and terminates curved end bending angle
TAE；
Step S400: by formula TL0=TLS+TLM+TLE+ π × TRS × TAS/180+ π × TRE × TAE/180, examination is calculated
The practical length of run TL0 of part；
Step S500: according to the bending process parameter, the start-stop bending section is subjected to second order buckling again, by the end
Only bending section distinguishes reversed second order buckling using identical bending process parameter；
Step S600: the length MLS of starting straightway, the length MLM of middle straight line section, termination straight line after measurement second order buckling
The length MLE of section, the radius MRS for originating bending section, the radius MRE for terminating bending section, the bending angle MAS for originating bending section and end
The only bending angle MAE of bending section；
Step S700: by formula ML0=MLS+MLM+MLE+ π × MRS × MAS/180+ π × MRE × MAE/180, examination is calculated
The secondary practical length of run ML0 of part；
Step S800: calculating bending property parameter, and bending property parameter includes bending elongation percentage λ, fixed springback angle a and rebound
Coefficient b, in which:
λ=(ML0-TL0)/(π × TRS × TAS/180+ π × TRE × TAE/180)；
a=(MAE×TAS-MAS×TAE)/(TAE-TAS)；
b=1-(MAE-MAS)/(TAE-TAS)。
2. a kind of method for testing S-shaped material for test bending property parameter according to claim 1, feature exist
In the bending angle TAS of the starting bending section is 10 °~50 °.
3. a kind of method for testing S-shaped material for test bending property parameter according to claim 2, feature exist
In the bending angle TAS for terminating curved end is 100 °~150 °.
4. a kind of method for testing S-shaped material for test bending property parameter according to claim 3, feature exist
In the radius of the starting bending section is equal with the termination radius of bending section.
5. a kind of method for testing S-shaped material for test bending property parameter according to claim 4, feature exist
It is rectangle, with a thickness of 2mm and width is 6mm in, the cross sectional shape.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810376047.6A CN108956322B (en) | 2018-04-25 | 2018-04-25 | Method for testing bending performance parameters of S-shaped test piece material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810376047.6A CN108956322B (en) | 2018-04-25 | 2018-04-25 | Method for testing bending performance parameters of S-shaped test piece material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108956322A true CN108956322A (en) | 2018-12-07 |
| CN108956322B CN108956322B (en) | 2020-12-01 |
Family
ID=64498809
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810376047.6A Active CN108956322B (en) | 2018-04-25 | 2018-04-25 | Method for testing bending performance parameters of S-shaped test piece material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108956322B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110333128A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-10-15 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of high-strength steel rebound measuring method of the phase containing metastable austenite |
| CN113196034A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2021-07-30 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Method and device for evaluating and testing collision performance of metal sheet for automobile body |
| CN113790977A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-12-14 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Method for measuring ultimate bending fracture strain of metal plate |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1332407A (en) * | 1970-03-24 | 1973-10-03 | Bayer Ag | Bending testing machine |
| SU1350540A1 (en) * | 1986-05-30 | 1987-11-07 | Московский Автомобильно-Дорожный Институт | Arrangement for bending tests of structures |
| CN101819113A (en) * | 2010-04-19 | 2010-09-01 | 攀钢集团钢铁钒钛股份有限公司 | Side bend test method |
| CN101890443A (en) * | 2010-07-05 | 2010-11-24 | 重庆拓润科技有限公司 | Straightening method without participation of straight line segments on shaft |
| CN101901283A (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2010-12-01 | 北京理工大学 | Prediction method of numerical control bending forming quality of conduit and device |
| CN103969128A (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2014-08-06 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Method for detecting bending mechanical property of sample |
| CN105334114A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-02-17 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Orthodontics arch-wire rebounding measurement instrument with bending radius adjustable |
| CN105675406A (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2016-06-15 | 攀钢集团研究院有限公司 | High-temperature bending detection method of metal material |
| CN106980717A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-07-25 | 西北工业大学 | The method for determining homogeneous tubing numerical-control bending springback angle |
| CN107389470A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-11-24 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of full-scale rotary bending fatigue test device and method of oil well pipe |
| CN207020006U (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2018-02-16 | 深圳万测试验设备有限公司 | A kind of multi-functional Apparatus for Bending at low-temp |
-
2018
- 2018-04-25 CN CN201810376047.6A patent/CN108956322B/en active Active
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1332407A (en) * | 1970-03-24 | 1973-10-03 | Bayer Ag | Bending testing machine |
| SU1350540A1 (en) * | 1986-05-30 | 1987-11-07 | Московский Автомобильно-Дорожный Институт | Arrangement for bending tests of structures |
| CN101819113A (en) * | 2010-04-19 | 2010-09-01 | 攀钢集团钢铁钒钛股份有限公司 | Side bend test method |
| CN101901283A (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2010-12-01 | 北京理工大学 | Prediction method of numerical control bending forming quality of conduit and device |
| CN101890443A (en) * | 2010-07-05 | 2010-11-24 | 重庆拓润科技有限公司 | Straightening method without participation of straight line segments on shaft |
| CN103969128A (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2014-08-06 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Method for detecting bending mechanical property of sample |
| CN105334114A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-02-17 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Orthodontics arch-wire rebounding measurement instrument with bending radius adjustable |
| CN105675406A (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2016-06-15 | 攀钢集团研究院有限公司 | High-temperature bending detection method of metal material |
| CN106980717A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-07-25 | 西北工业大学 | The method for determining homogeneous tubing numerical-control bending springback angle |
| CN207020006U (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2018-02-16 | 深圳万测试验设备有限公司 | A kind of multi-functional Apparatus for Bending at low-temp |
| CN107389470A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-11-24 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of full-scale rotary bending fatigue test device and method of oil well pipe |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 曹留峰: "《高等职业教育土建类专业"十三五"规划教材 钢筋翻样与下料》", 31 August 2016 * |
| 杨天春: "钢筋弯曲调整值对工程造价的影响", 《武汉职业技术学院学报》 * |
| 章日昆: "钢筋弯曲伸长的成因及伸长值的确定", 《铁道建筑技术》 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113196034A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2021-07-30 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Method and device for evaluating and testing collision performance of metal sheet for automobile body |
| CN113196034B (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2024-03-08 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Collision performance evaluation test method and device for metal plate for automobile body |
| CN110333128A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-10-15 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of high-strength steel rebound measuring method of the phase containing metastable austenite |
| CN113790977A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-12-14 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Method for measuring ultimate bending fracture strain of metal plate |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108956322B (en) | 2020-12-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| WO2021037036A1 (en) | Test and calculation method for measuring real stress-strain curve of material | |
| CN108956322A (en) | A method of for testing S-shaped material for test bending property parameter | |
| CN111896373B (en) | Test and calculation method for determining equivalent plastic strain forming limit diagram | |
| CN106018083B (en) | The method of the plane stress fracture toughness and yield strength of aluminum alloy materials is determined by structure yields load | |
| CN110702513B (en) | Test measurement method for large-strain-range hardening curve of metal bar | |
| CN110411837A (en) | A kind of test and calculation method measuring material gauge length effect curve | |
| CN106644712A (en) | Testing method for automatically measuring thickness thinning rate by adopting tensile testing machine | |
| CN105115464A (en) | Measuring method for mold clearance of plate molding of plate type heat exchanger | |
| CN111122308A (en) | Tensile sample elongation after fracture measuring method and auxiliary measuring device | |
| CN105069277A (en) | Down's syndrome risk assessment method for prenatal screening in pregnant metaphase | |
| CN110220781A (en) | A kind of plate anisotropy constitutive parameter scaling method and system | |
| CN112326296B (en) | Sampling method and system suitable for analyzing metallographic structure and Agt performance relation | |
| CN106769439B (en) | A kind of test method of line steel hot rolling roll bending yield strength | |
| CN108489820B (en) | A kind of acquisition methods of high temperature tension test trus stress | |
| CN101699259A (en) | Method for simulating bent pipe deformation by bending | |
| CN105675406A (en) | High-temperature bending detection method of metal material | |
| CN101929933B (en) | Method for measuring mechanical texture characteristic of dried rice noodle | |
| CN109948215A (en) | A kind of drop stamping technology establishment method | |
| CN105928784B (en) | The method for measuring fracture toughness under hot rolling carbon steel plane stress condition | |
| CN109870354A (en) | Round metal bars sample is uniaxially stretched elongation after fracture method for automatic measurement | |
| CN109127779A (en) | The detection device and straightener of bands for band | |
| CN205333737U (en) | Surface resistance measuring device of antistatic coating | |
| CN105520738B (en) | A kind of finger power coordination testing analyser based on the quantitative recursive calculation of intersection | |
| CN110501229A (en) | A kind of non contact metal tubing CSR value test macro and method | |
| CN112345379A (en) | Testing device and testing method for bending resilience characteristic of plate |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |