CN107970307A - 一种防治水产养殖细菌性疾病的中药消毒剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种防治水产养殖细菌性疾病的中药消毒剂及其制备方法，该中药消毒剂的组分及其重量百分比为：黄连1‑5份；黄芩1‑10份；栀子1‑5份；鱼腥草1‑5份。本发明具有明显的杀毒作用，其吸收快，疗效好，且毒副作用小，无药物残留，符合安全兽药、保障动物源食品安全的要求，是一种较为理想的防治水产养殖细菌性疾病的中药消毒剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药消毒剂领域，尤其是一种防治水产养殖细菌性疾病的中药消毒剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
细菌性疾病是水产养殖业中危害最大的一类疾病，通常发病急，传播速度快，治疗困难，死亡率高，经济损失大。目前，预防鱼类细菌性疾病最有效的办法是免疫预防，我国已经有针对如草鱼出血病等细菌性疾病的疫苗。中草药的使用，也是预防和控制鱼类细菌性疾病的有效方法。中草药不仅可以杀灭一些病原，而且可以整体提高鱼体的免疫能力和抗感染能力，从而免受细菌病原的感染。一些杀灭细菌的消毒剂，如碘制剂，可以较为有效地杀灭水体中的病原，从而控制疾病的迅速传播，但是其毒副作用较大，并且严重破坏养殖水体环境，长期使用造成鱼体内的药物残留超标，严重影响了我国水产养殖类产品的出口和我国水产品的国际声誉，同时还对生态环境造成严重破坏。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供防治水产养殖细菌性疾病的中药消毒剂，该中药消毒剂的有效成分能够有效抑制并杀灭细菌，无毒副作用，更不会产生药物残留，使用方便，成本较低，不易产生耐药性。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种防治水产养殖细菌性疾病的中药消毒剂的制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的：
一种防治水产养殖细菌性疾病的中药消毒剂，该中药消毒剂的组分及其重量百分比为：
黄连 1-5份；
黄芩 1-10份；
栀子 1-5份；
鱼腥草 1-5份。
而且，该中药消毒剂的组分及其最优重量百分比为：
黄连 4份；
黄芩 8份；
栀子 4份；
鱼腥草 4份。
一种防治水产养殖细菌性疾病的中药消毒剂的制备方法，其制备方法包括如下步骤：
⑴.按重量配比将黄连清洗后粉碎成粗粉，用含有重量百分比为60－75％的乙醇对粗粉分别进行回流提取三次，得到乙醇提取液合并待用；
⑵.按重量配比将黄芩、栀子、鱼腥草切片，然后分别加10倍量的水煎煮3次，第一次2小时，第二、三次各1小时，合并煎液，浓缩至适量，加乙醇，使醇含量达到70％，搅拌均匀，静置过夜，过滤取上清液；
⑶.将上清液与乙醇提取液混合后浓缩至乙醇回收完毕，将得到的浓缩液冷却后加入75％乙醇溶解，过滤，收集滤液，即得到防治水产养殖细菌性疾病的中药消毒剂成品。
而且，所述的乙醇选取最优重量百分比为70％。
本发明的优点及有益效果是：
1.本防治水产养殖细菌性疾病的中药消毒剂的组分中含有中药黄连，其有效成分为小檗碱、黄连碱等多种生物碱，另含黄柏酮、黄柏内酯等成分，有泻火解毒，清热燥湿功效，可治时行热毒、高热烦躁、泄泻痢疾、口疮、痈疽疔毒等症。药理试验证明，有抑菌及抗病毒，并且无毒副作用，更不会产生药物残留。
2.本防治防治水产养殖细菌性疾病的中药消毒剂的组分中含有中药黄芩，其有效提取物中含有黄芩苷，具有较强的杀菌抑菌作用。
3.本防治水产养殖细菌性疾病的中药消毒剂的组分中含有中药栀子，栀子具有泻火除烦、清热利湿、凉血解毒等功能，与黄连、黄芩联合应用能显著增强其抑菌、杀菌活性。且其成本较低，不易产生耐药性。
4.本防治水产养殖细菌性疾病的中药消毒剂的组分中含有中药鱼腥草，具有具有清热、解毒、利湿的作用，与以上三味功效相铺相成，对鱼类细菌性疾病具有显著疗效。
5.本中药消毒剂对各种病原菌均具有很强的杀灭作用，该方剂为中草药制剂，绿色无污染，有利于生态环境的可持续健康发展。
6.本发明中药消毒剂的有效成分能够有效抑制并杀灭水产养殖中的致病菌，无毒副作用，更不会产生药物残留，使用方便，成本较低。
具体实施方式
本发明通过以下实施例进一步详述。需要说明的是：下述实施例是说明性的，不是限定性的，不能以下述实施例来限定本发明的保护范围。
本发明中的原材料黄连、黄芩、栀子、鱼腥草均可以在市场上购买得到。
实施例1
一种防治水产养殖细菌性疾病的中药消毒剂毒剂，其中该中药消毒剂组分及其重量为黄连40g，黄芩80g，栀子40g，鱼腥草40g。
⑴.按重量配比将黄连清洗后粉碎成粗粉，用含有重量百分比为60－75％的乙醇对粗粉分别进行回流提取三次，得到乙醇提取液合并待用；
⑵.按重量配比将黄芩、栀子、鱼腥草切片，然后分别加10倍量的水煎煮3次，第一次2小时，第二、三次各1小时，合并煎液，浓缩至适量，加乙醇，使醇含量达到70％，搅拌均匀，静置过夜，过滤取上清液；
⑶.将上清液与乙醇提取液混合后浓缩至乙醇回收完毕，将得到的浓缩液冷却后加入75％乙醇溶解，过滤，收集滤液，即得到防治水产养殖细菌性疾病的中药消毒剂成品。
而且，所述的乙醇选取最优重量百分比为70％。
实施例2
一种防治水产养殖细菌性疾病的中药消毒剂毒剂，其中该中药消毒剂组分及其重量为黄连45g，黄芩60g，栀子45g，鱼腥草50g。
其制备方法的步骤同实施例1。
实施例3
一种防治水产养殖细菌性疾病的中药消毒剂毒剂，其中该中药消毒剂组分及其重量为黄连20g，黄芩80g，栀子50g，鱼腥草50g。
其制备方法的步骤同实施例1。
实施例4
一种防治水产养殖细菌性疾病的中药消毒剂，其中该中药消毒剂组分及其重量为为黄连50g，黄芩100g，栀子20g，鱼腥草30g。
其制备方法的步骤同实施例1。
临床应用
以下为本发明中药消毒剂使用效果的说明：
应用本发明对天津市6家水产养殖基地进行产品投放试验，这6家水产养殖基地的鱼分别出现不同程度的细菌感染后，将本发明产品按100～150ml/每亩·米使用，一天一次，连续使用3天后，养殖水体中的鱼死亡现象消失，使用7天后养殖水体恢复正常。该试验表明本发明可有效防治水产养殖细菌性疾病，并且可以增加养殖水体中水产品的免疫能力，有效率可达100％。
Claims (4)
1.一种防治水产养殖细菌性疾病的中药消毒剂，其特征在于：该中药消毒剂的组分及其重量百分比为：
黄连1-5份；
黄芩1-10份；
栀子1-5份；
鱼腥草1-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治水产养殖细菌性疾病的中药消毒剂，其特征在于：该中药消毒剂的组分及其最优重量百分比为：
黄连4份；
黄芩8份；
栀子4份；
鱼腥草4份。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的防治水产养殖细菌性疾病的中药消毒剂的制备方法，其特征在于：其制备方法包括如下步骤：
⑴.按重量配比将黄连清洗后粉碎成粗粉，用含有重量百分比为60－75％的乙醇对粗粉分别进行回流提取三次，得到乙醇提取液合并待用；
⑵.按重量配比将黄芩、栀子、鱼腥草切片，然后分别加10倍量的水煎煮3次，第一次2小时，第二、三次各1小时，合并煎液，浓缩至适量，加乙醇，使醇含量达到70％，搅拌均匀，静置过夜，过滤取上清液；
⑶.将上清液与乙醇提取液混合后浓缩至乙醇回收完毕，将得到的浓缩液冷却后加入75％乙醇溶解，过滤，收集滤液，即得到防治水产养殖细菌性疾病的中药消毒剂成品。
4.根据权利要求3所述的防治水产养殖细菌性疾病的中药消毒剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的乙醇选取最优重量百分比为70％。
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