CN106943389B - 一种防治鱼卵水霉病的制剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种防治鱼卵水霉病的制剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种防治鱼卵水霉病的制剂,从以下药物中选其中任意一种或几种:对羟基苯甲酸正乙酰、尼泊金丁酯钠、酰胺类杀菌剂、车前草、连翘、黄芩、乌梅、败酱草、夏枯草。本发明还提供该制剂的应用。其优点表现在:本发明的制剂对水霉菌株具有良好的防治效果,在很大程度上减少药物对鱼卵的伤害,更大程度上减少了经济损失,同时达到高效、安全的防治效果。中草药抑制有害菌的生产,同时能够降低细菌对抗生素、四环素和喹诺酮类等药物的耐药性的作用,将中草药用于防治鱼卵水霉病,具有明显的效果,且无污染、无毒害、没有毒副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及渔药技术领域,具体地说,是一种防治鱼卵水霉病的制剂及其应用。
背景技术
水霉菌是我国淡水水产动物体表及卵上易感病原菌之一,其种类较多,但水霉病主要是由水霉属(Saprolegnia)和棉霉属(Achlya)。水霉菌对水产动物以及季节没有明显的选择性。鱼卵水霉病主要针对于粘性鱼卵,当未受精的卵死亡并被水霉感染后,水霉菌丝会包裹住其他正常的鱼卵,从而使其窒息死亡。一旦感染鱼体就很难治疗,特别容易感染受伤的鱼,容易在受伤鱼体之间进行传播。长期以来,水霉病的防治是鱼类病害防治中最棘手的一个难题之一。水霉病的频繁发生会给水产养殖业带来巨大的经济损失。
为了有效的防治水霉病,在生产实践中常用孔雀石绿来达到目的,在一段时间内取得了较好的防治效果。2002年我国明确将孔雀石绿作为水产养殖中的禁用药,是因为它被发现存在“三致”、残留超标、污染环境、降解难等问题。在此期间暂时未有安全高效的药物来代替孔雀石绿解决生产中的水霉病难题。使得生产实践中仍有养殖人员使用孔雀石绿,给水产品安全问题带来严重威胁,直接影响到公共食品安全,也给我国水产品的出口造成了严重阻碍。因此,研发一种有效、安全防治水霉病的药物,对解决目前水产养殖中病害防治问题非常有必要的,也是十分迫切的。
中国专利文献CN102228010A,申请日期:2011.04.13,将亚甲基蓝用于治疗鱼体水霉病,此方法将已经确诊为水霉病的鱼苗作为研究对象,用亚甲基蓝水溶液对鱼所在的水环境进行全池泼晒以达到防治效果。中国专利文献CN104784165A,申请日期:2015.04.02,提供了一种大黄酸在防治水产动物水霉病中的应用,该方法涉及了将大黄酸与二甲基亚砜或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺混合来作为水霉防治剂,达到杀灭水霉菌的效果。中国专利文献CN103142592A,申请日期:2013.02.01,将含溴工业杀菌剂、吡啶硫酮盐类、碘代丙炔基等化合物与熟地黄、地榆、石榴皮、大青叶、青蒿等几种中草药组合或者单独用于防治水霉病,具有无污染、无毒副作用的优点,还可以用于观赏鱼等经济价值较高的水产动物水霉病的防治。但是总体来说,目前关于患水霉病的鱼卵的能够高效、安全同时不产生耐药的药物种类仍比较贫乏,因此,研发或复配一种高效,又能保证安全的防治鱼卵水霉病的药物是非常迫切的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术中的不足,提供一种防治鱼卵水霉病的制剂。
本发明的再一的目的是,提供一种防治鱼卵水霉病的制剂的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案是:一种防治鱼卵水霉病的组合物,所述的组合物由对羟基苯甲酸正乙酰、尼泊金丁酯钠组成。
优选地,所述的组合物由对羟基苯甲酸正乙酰、尼泊金丁酯钠按重量比1:20混合而得。
一种防治鱼卵水霉病的组合物,所述的组合物由两种或两种以上酰胺类杀菌剂组成。
优选地,所述的酰胺类杀菌剂为啶酰菌胺、氟啶酰菌胺、环氟菌胺、嘧菌胺、双炔酰胺或硅噻菌胺。
更优选地,所述的组合物由双炔酰胺、硅噻菌胺按重量比5:9混合而得。
一种防治鱼卵水霉病的组合物,所述的组合物由车前草、连翘的提取液组成,车前草、连翘的重量比为5:64。
一种防治鱼卵水霉病的组合物,所述的组合物由黄芩、乌梅、败酱草、夏枯草的提取液组成。
优选地,黄芩、乌梅、败酱草、夏枯草的重量比为5:5:1:6。
更优选地,所述的组合物的制备方法为:黄芩、乌梅、败酱草、夏枯草,粉碎,按含量比例5:5:1:6均匀混合;称取30g中草药原料药,放入有400ml蒸馏水砂锅中浸泡30min后,煮沸后文火煎熬30min,取上清液,向残渣中加入200ml蒸馏水,进行第二次煎熬,重复第二次,将三次的上清液合并浓缩至7ml,12000r/min离心,取上清液得到所述的组合物。
为实现上述第二个目的,本发明采取的技术方案是:所述的组合物在制备防治鱼卵水霉病的药物中的应用。
本发明优点在于:
1、本发明为防治由水霉属、棉霉属等丝状真菌引起的鱼卵水霉病的药物以及组合,经试验证明这些药物及其组合对水霉菌株具有良好的防治效果,在此基础上检测了各种药物及其组合对水霉菌株最小抑菌浓度,这为水产养殖中有效的防治水霉病提供参考依据。
2、本发明提供的化合物以及组合物防治鱼卵水霉并具备最小抑菌浓度的优势,在很大程度上减少药物对鱼卵的伤害,更大程度上减少了经济损失,同时达到高效、安全的防治效果。
3、本发明参考中草药具有抑制有害菌的生产,同时能够降低细菌对抗生素、四环素和喹诺酮类等药物的耐药性的作用,将中草药用于防治鱼卵水霉病,并且具有明显的效果。此方法具有无污染、无毒害、没有毒副作用的优点,是将来防治细菌性疾病值得考虑的方法。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的具体实施方式作详细说明。
本文中,各种化合物均有上海农药研究所提供;各种中草药均购于奥淼中草材有限责任公司。
实施例1 组合物一
对羟基苯甲酸正乙酰、尼泊金丁酯钠按重量比1:20均匀混合。
实施例2 组合物二
双炔酰胺、硅噻菌胺按重量比5:9均匀混合。
实施例3 组合物三
啶酰菌胺、环氟菌胺按重量比8:1均匀混合。
实施例4 组合物四
氟啶酰菌胺:嘧菌胺按重量比20:1均匀混合。
实施例5 组合物五
车前草、连翘,粉碎,按含量比例5:64均匀混合。
实施例6 组合物六
车前草、连翘,粉碎,按含量比例5:16均匀混合。
实施例7 组合物七
黄芩、乌梅、败酱草、夏枯草,粉碎,按含量比例1:8:5:5均匀混合。
实施例8 组合物八
黄芩、乌梅、败酱草、夏枯草,粉碎,按含量比例1:8:5:12均匀混合。
实施例9 组合物九
黄芩、乌梅、败酱草、夏枯草,粉碎,按含量比例5:2:8:12均匀混合。
实施例10 组合物十
黄芩、乌梅、败酱草、夏枯草,粉碎,按含量比例5:5:1:6均匀混合。
实施例11 实验
1实验材料
寄生水霉ATCC200013TM,购于美国标准生物品收购中心;异丝绵霉,GenBank登录号:JN400035,保藏于上海海洋大学国家水生动物病原库保藏中心。
中草药原料药板蓝根、射干、苦参、大青叶均购于奥淼中草材有限责任公司,各种草药以及组合的配伍分别参考下述文献的方法进行制备其提取液:张文青,龚一富,金思等.中草药及其配伍对嗜水气单胞菌的抑菌作用[J].渔业科学进展,2012,33(1):114-121。具体提取方法如下:精确称取30g中草药原料药,放入400ml蒸馏水砂锅中浸泡30min后,煮沸后文火煎熬30min,取上清液,向残渣中加入200ml蒸馏水,进行第二次煎熬,重复第二次,将三次的上清液合并浓缩至7ml,12000r/min离心,取上清液分装4℃冰箱保存备用。
2实验方法
参考下述文献:1)Benger S,Tiownsend P,Ashford RL,et al.An invitro studyto determine the minimum inhibitory concentration ofMelaleuca alternifoliaagainst the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum[J].The Foot,2004,14(2):86-91;2)Stueland S,Hrier BT,Skaar I.Asimple in vitro screening method to determinethe effects of drugs against growth of Saprolegbia parasitica[J].MycologicalProgress,2005,4(4):273-279,按照文献中的倍比稀释法测定各药物对治病水霉菌株:寄生水霉和异丝绵霉的体外最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory cocentration,MIC)。具体方法如下:将治病水霉菌株接种于PDA培养基上,于20℃恒温培养箱中培养24h后,将灭菌的油菜籽放置于菌落边缘,继续放入恒温培养箱24h,将带菌丝的菜籽取出,置于24孔板中,每孔放一粒油菜籽,然后加入1ml的本浓度药物,同时加入1ml的蒸馏水作对照,每个处理3个平行;然后置于20℃恒温培养箱中24h后,于体视显微镜下观察菌丝生长情况,将水霉菌丝的生长完全被抑制或者相对空白对照明显受到抑制的浓度判读为该药物对水霉菌丝最小抑菌浓度值,记录药敏结果。
3实验结果
实验结果见表1和表2。
表1 各个化合物、中草药对鱼卵水霉菌的最小抑菌浓度
表2 各个化合物组合物和中草药组合物对鱼卵水霉菌的最小抑菌浓度
由表1和表2可得出,本发明的药物包防腐消毒液、化学杀菌剂、工业杀菌剂、酰胺类杀菌剂、中草药以及各物质的组合物质等对鱼卵的寄生水霉和异丝绵霉菌株均有抑制作用。同时由表中的数据可以得出将化合物或者中草药组合使用来防治鱼卵水霉病效果会更好,由此可得,各种组合药物能够在防治水霉病时发挥其协同作用。另外,经临床试验表明,本发明中有些药物如对羟基苯甲酸正乙酰、尼泊金丁酯钠、啶酰菌胺、氟啶酰菌胺、连翘等仍能够发挥较好的防控鱼卵水霉病的发生,尤其是在对羟基苯甲酸正乙酰与尼泊金丁酯钠以1:20混合时效果会更好。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明方法的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和补充,这些改进和补充也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种防治鱼卵水霉病的组合物,其特征在于,所述的组合物由双炔酰胺、硅噻菌胺按重量比5:9混合而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物在制备防治鱼卵水霉病的药物中的应用。
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