CN107965263A - 多功能卫生环保纱窗及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及纱窗技术领域，具体是一种多功能卫生环保纱窗。纱窗包括窗框和纱网，纱网为具有微孔生物胺复合纳米金膜的纱网。纱网的制备方法为：脱乙酰壳聚糖溶于柠檬酸水溶液，加入一定量尿素，戊二醛搅拌混合，得到生物胺溶液；再将氯金酸加入生物胺溶液中，通过还原氯金酸中的金为纳米金，制成高分散生物胺复合纳米金溶液；将此溶液涂布在纤维、金属丝网上并烘干，将涂布烘干的纤维、金属丝网用氢氧化钠水溶液中和，纯净水煮沸、洗涤，再将纤维、金属丝网进行烘干得到具有微孔生物胺复合纳米金膜的纱网。本发明纱窗具有防菌、抑菌特性，可以起到防雾霾、分解臭氧、降解尾气净化环境空气的作用，效果符合相关的要求，有效的保护人类健康。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纱窗技术领域，具体是一种多功能卫生环保纱窗及其制备方法。
背景技术
现代社会，人们对居住环境的要求越来越高，纱窗是居家生活必不可少的一部分，室内需要经常开窗通风透气，此时纱窗可以阻挡蚊虫，阻挡大颗粒灰尘，然而现在室外的空气质量越来越差，开窗透气时，室内的环境也同时受到了污染影响人体健康。若纱窗可以起到净化空气的作用，则开窗换气时可以使室内的空气得到了净化。
脱乙酰壳聚糖是上世纪末被人们所认识具有优良防菌、抑菌作用的生物胺。它是由甲壳素脱乙酰制得。以尿素为致孔剂，溶解、涂膜、干燥后,水煮溶出尿素制得微孔壳聚糖膜。利用戊二醛在成膜时使壳聚糖交联，可以通过改变交联剂用量得到不同孔结构的多孔膜。
纳米金是近些年人们发现的稳定、高效催化剂。可以进行完全氧化、氮氧化物的还原、臭氧分解以及卤代烃、二氧化硫、二氧(杂)芑(二噁英)和挥发性有机物的消除。特别是在室温中纳米金可以将臭氧催化分解为氧气等。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种多功能卫生环保纱窗，净化室内空气，本发明还提供了所述纱窗的制备方法。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
多功能卫生环保纱窗，包括窗框和纱网，所述纱网为具有微孔生物胺复合纳米金膜的纱网。
上述具有微孔生物胺复合纳米金膜纱网的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)生物胺溶液制备：将脱乙酰度＞80％的脱乙酰壳聚糖溶于5％柠檬酸水溶液中，再加入尿素和0.25％戊二醛水溶液，20～80℃搅拌1.5～2.5小时，得到生物胺溶液；
(2)将0.4％氯金酸加入步骤(1)制得的生物胺溶液中，再加入20％水合肼，将氯金酸中的金还原为纳米金，制成高分散生物胺复合纳米金溶液；
(3)在50℃将步骤(2)制得的生物胺复合纳米金溶液涂布在纤维或金属丝网上并烘干；将涂布烘干的纤维或金属丝网用4-8％氢氧化钠水溶液中和，纯净水煮沸、洗涤，再将纤维或金属丝网在80～95℃进行烘干，即得到具有微孔生物胺复合纳米金膜的纱网。
上述具有微孔生物胺复合纳米金膜纱网的制备方法，步骤(1)中脱乙酰壳聚糖的量是5％柠檬酸水溶液质量的1～3％。
上述具有微孔生物胺复合纳米金膜纱网的制备方法，步骤(1)中加入尿素的量是脱乙酰壳聚糖质量的60～85％。
上述具有微孔生物胺复合纳米金膜纱网的制备方法，步骤(1)中加入0.25％戊二醛水溶液的量是脱乙酰壳聚糖质量的1～5％。
上述具有微孔生物胺复合纳米金膜纱网的制备方法，步骤(2)中加入0.4％氯金酸的量是步骤(1)制得的生物胺溶液质量的0.4～0.6％。
上述具有微孔生物胺复合纳米金膜纱网的制备方法，步骤(2)中加入20％水合肼的量是步骤(1)制得的生物胺溶液质量的4.0～5.0％。
具有微孔生物胺复合纳米金膜的纱网应用在纱窗中。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明的纱网是具有微孔生物胺复合纳米金膜的纱网，此纱网具有防菌、抑菌特性，可以起到防雾霾、分解臭氧、降解尾气净化环境空气的作用，效果符合相关的要求，有效的保护人类健康。使用材料均为无毒无害，制造过程也是如此，完全环境友好。
附图说明
图1本发明纱窗结构示意图；
图中，1.窗框，2.纱网；
图2壳聚糖纳米金透射电镜(JEM-2100(UHR))图；
图3纱网上微孔生物胺复合纳米金膜的扫描电镜(JSM-7800F)图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明。
多功能卫生环保纱窗，包括窗框1和纱网2，所述纱网2为具有微孔生物胺复合纳米金膜的纱网。纱网四边可安装磁条，窗框与纱网通过磁条安装在一起。
实施例1～9
具有微孔生物胺复合纳米金膜的纱网的制备方法包括以下步骤：(1)生物胺溶液制备：将脱乙酰度＞80％的脱乙酰壳聚糖溶于5％柠檬酸水溶液中，再加入尿素(致孔剂)和0.25％戊二醛水溶液(交联剂)，20～80℃搅拌1.5～2.5小时，得到粘稠生物胺溶液；(2)将0.4％氯金酸加入步骤(1)制得的生物胺溶液中，再加入20％水合肼，将氯金酸中的金还原为纳米金，制成高分散生物胺复合纳米金溶液；(3)在50℃将步骤(2)制得的生物胺复合纳米金溶液涂布在纤维或金属丝网上并烘干；将涂布烘干的纤维或金属丝网用4～8％氢氧化钠水溶液中和，纯净水煮沸、洗涤除去柠檬酸、尿素和戊二醛，再将纤维或金属丝网在80～95℃进行烘干，即得到具有微孔生物胺复合纳米金膜的纱网。其中，步骤(1)中脱乙酰壳聚糖的量是5％柠檬酸水溶液质量的1～3％，加入尿素的量是脱乙酰壳聚糖质量的60～85％，加入0.25％戊二醛水溶液的量是脱乙酰壳聚糖质量的1～5％；步骤(2)中加入0.4％氯金酸的量是步骤(1)制得的生物胺溶液质量的0.4～0.6％，加入20％水合肼的量是步骤(1)制得的生物胺溶液质量的4.0～5.0％。具体配比见表1：
表1
1.防菌、抑菌性测试
裁取具有微孔生物胺复合纳米金膜的纱网100mm×100mm，置于无菌的表面皿上。将培养好的大肠杆菌液(菌数约为106个/ml)滴到无纺布上10mm直径的圆形中，然后放入37℃恒温培养箱内培养。分别在经过4、8、12、16、20、24、28、32h后在显微镜下观测滴液圆(R＝5mm)中的菌落，菌落的数量变化表示防菌、抑菌性。每个试样做三份平行样取平均值。与不加壳聚糖样品醋酸培养基作对比，其他条件相同。结果如下：
表2不同时间的菌落数/室温
从上表可见，随时间变化，菌落数明显减少，实施例1～9的具有微孔生物胺复合纳米金膜的纱网表现出明显的防菌、抑菌性。后来醋酸的减少程度较小是因为醋酸挥发所致。
2.纱网防雾霾(防PM2.5)测试
测试仪器：便携式美国TSI8530粉尘仪Dust pm2.5直测仪
与普通纱窗的纱网比较，作PM2.5测试试验，结果见表3：
表3
注：国际卫生组织(WHO)认为空气中pm2.5在10μg/m3以下是允许的。
由表3可知，本发明纱窗所用的纱网具有很好的防雾霾效果。
3.表面催化剂及性能测试
(1)附图1是壳聚糖纳米金透射电镜图，使用JEM-2100(UHR)透射电子显微镜，由附图1可知，本发明纱网的纳米金粒子的粒径在7～10纳米，颗粒分散度好，分布比较均匀。
(2)环境空气质量测定(主要对臭氧、一氧化碳、氮氧化物、硫化物)
表4
(按国标GB 3095-2012/环境空气质量标准测定)
表5环境空气中污染物浓度限值/参考
由表4可以看出，本发明纱窗具有防臭氧、防尾气的作用。
以上实施例中的纱窗能起到很好的防菌、抑菌、防雾霾、防臭氧、防尾气，在开窗的同时也可以净化室内的空气，保护人体健康。
Claims (8)
1.多功能卫生环保纱窗，包括窗框和纱网，其特征在于，所述纱网为具有微孔生物胺复合纳米金膜的纱网。
2.如权利要求1所述的多功能卫生环保纱窗，其特征在于，所述具有微孔生物胺复合纳米金膜纱网的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)生物胺溶液制备：将脱乙酰度＞80％的脱乙酰壳聚糖溶于5％柠檬酸水溶液中，再加入尿素和0.25％戊二醛水溶液，20～80℃搅拌1.5～2.5小时，得到生物胺溶液；
(2)将0.4％氯金酸加入步骤(1)制得的生物胺溶液中，再加入20％水合肼，将氯金酸中的金还原为纳米金，制成高分散生物胺复合纳米金溶液；
(3)在50℃将步骤(2)制得的生物胺复合纳米金溶液涂布在纤维或金属丝网上并烘干；将涂布烘干的纤维或金属丝网用4-8％氢氧化钠水溶液中和，纯净水煮沸、洗涤，再将纤维或金属丝网在80～95℃进行烘干，即得到具有微孔生物胺复合纳米金膜的纱网。
3.如权利要求3所述的多功能卫生环保纱窗，其特征在于，步骤(1)中脱乙酰壳聚糖的量是5％柠檬酸水溶液质量的1～3％。
4.如权利要求3所述的多功能卫生环保纱窗，其特征在于，步骤(1)中加入尿素的量是脱乙酰壳聚糖质量的60～85％。
5.如权利要求3所述的多功能卫生环保纱窗，其特征在于，步骤(1)中加入0.25％戊二醛水溶液的量是脱乙酰壳聚糖质量的1～5％。
6.如权利要求3所述的多功能卫生环保纱窗，其特征在于，步骤(2)中加入0.4％氯金酸的量是步骤(1)制得的生物胺溶液质量的0.4～0.6％。
7.如权利要求3所述的多功能卫生环保纱窗，其特征在于，步骤(2)中加入20％水合肼的量是步骤(1)制得的生物胺溶液质量的4.0～5.0％。
8.具有微孔生物胺复合纳米金膜的纱网在纱窗中的应用。
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