CN107960455B - Browning prevention and preservation method for lotus roots - Google Patents
Browning prevention and preservation method for lotus roots Download PDFInfo
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- CN107960455B CN107960455B CN201710858863.6A CN201710858863A CN107960455B CN 107960455 B CN107960455 B CN 107960455B CN 201710858863 A CN201710858863 A CN 201710858863A CN 107960455 B CN107960455 B CN 107960455B
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- lotus roots
- lotus
- preservative
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/16—Preserving with chemicals
- A23B9/24—Preserving with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B9/30—Inorganic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel brown stain prevention and preservation method for lotus roots, which comprises the following steps: preparing and treating plasma, preparing a preservative and performing post-treatment. The beneficial effects are that: the active substances and radicals of the low-temperature plasma body weight can react with amino acid groups of polyphenol oxidase on the surface of lotus roots, so that the loss of enzyme activity is caused, the oxidative deterioration of phenolic substances by the polyphenol oxidase is prevented, and the browning of the lotus roots is prevented; the preservative can effectively act on a microbial cell plasma membrane, so that the synthesis of the microbial cell plasma membrane and phospholipid compounds is hindered, the content of the cell membrane is leaked, cells are seriously cracked, microorganisms are killed, and the effects of preservation and corrosion prevention are achieved; the method disclosed by the invention is simple to operate, can be applied to large-scale operation, has an obvious browning prevention and preservation effect, is a water-soluble substance of the preservative, is easy to elute, can be degraded and absorbed by the environment in a human body even if entering the human body, and is an efficient and safe novel browning prevention and preservation method for the lotus roots.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of food preservation, in particular to a browning prevention and preservation method for lotus roots.
Background
The lotus root is native to India and is transferred into China very early. Nelumbo nucifera belongs to Magnoliaceae, Shanlongye. The lotus root is warm, has no resistance to yin, is not suitable for water shortage and strong wind, can be eaten as raw or used as a vegetable, has high medicinal value, and can be used as a tonic if the root, the leaf, the flower whisker and the fruit are not precious. The lotus root is made into powder, can digest and stop diarrhea, whet the appetite and clear heat, nourish and nourish the sex, prevent internal bleeding, and is good liquid food and nourishing good treasure for women, children and children old woman and the weak and sick people. The lotus root is rich in nutrient components, wherein each hundred grams of the lotus root contains 77.9 grams of water, 1.0 gram of protein, 0.1 gram of fat, 19.8 grams of carbohydrate, 84 kilocalories of heat, 0.5 gram of crude fiber, 0.7 gram of ash, 19 milligrams of calcium, 51 milligrams of phosphorus, 0.5 milligrams of iron, 0.02 milligrams of carotene, 0.11 milligrams of thiamine, 0.04 milligrams of riboflavin, 0.4 milligrams of nicotinic acid and 25 milligrams of ascorbic acid. The lotus root also has high medicinal value, and the raw lotus root is cold in nature and sweet in taste, and can remove blood stasis, clear heat, promote fluid production, arrest vomiting and relieve cough; the cooked lotus root is warm in nature and has the effects of tonifying spleen, stimulating appetite, benefiting blood, promoting tissue regeneration, stopping bleeding and removing blood stasis, so that the lotus root is a high-quality vegetable, has the characteristics of superior fruits, integrates nutrition and medicine, is good in fruit, vegetable and medicine, and is a food with homology of food and medicine.
Enzymatic browning of lotus roots by polyphenol oxidase during storage after harvesting is a major cause of the decrease in quality of lotus roots. Enzymatic browning is generally considered to mean that polyphenol oxidase (PPO) oxidizes phenolic compounds into benzoquinone in the presence of oxygen to cause slight browning of the cut surfaces, and then a large amount of brown substances are formed through complex quinone polymerization to cause browning. At present, the technology for preventing brown stain of lotus root mainly comprises physical methods such as low temperature, ozone, modified atmosphere packaging, vacuum packaging, humidity control, ultrasonic wave, ultraviolet ray and the like, and chemical methods such as: chemical antistaling agent, natural antistaling agent, etc., biological methods such as enzyme technology, genetic engineering technology, etc., but the existing method generally has the problems of high cost, unsatisfactory antistaling effect, poor consumer acceptance, etc. Therefore, new efficient, convenient and environmentally friendly methods are needed to be further developed.
There are many methods for preventing browning of lotus root, and the prior art such as the granted public number is
CN 101341904B, a Chinese patent of invention, discloses a method for inhibiting browning of fresh-cut lotus roots, which comprises the steps of selecting, cleaning, cutting and sterilizing fresh lotus roots, treating the fresh lotus roots for 4-10 minutes by hot water at 48-55 ℃, cooling, removing surface moisture, packaging, refrigerating or directly circulating for sale, and has the advantages of simple operation and low environmental protection, but the operation method is simple, the polyphenol oxidase in the lotus root cut surface can not be inactivated completely by simply treating the fresh lotus roots for 4-10 minutes by the hot water at 48-55 ℃, the polyphenol oxidase can still oxidize oxidized phenols into quinones, and then quinone polymerization reaction is carried out to cause browning of the lotus root cut surface, so the actual application value of the method is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The method aims to provide a lotus root anti-browning and fresh-keeping method for processing lotus roots by using a low-temperature plasma technology.
Aiming at the problems mentioned in the background technology, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a browning prevention and fresh keeping method for lotus roots comprises the following steps: the preparation, treatment, preservative preparation and post-treatment of the plasma specifically comprise the following steps:
preparing plasma: the dielectric barrier discharge configuration device is used as a plasma source, the frequency of the plasma source is 2.45-2.55GHz, the power of the power supply is 1.2-1.25kW, and the ignition mode is ignition/pause: 4-5s/6-7s, the time period is 20-25 periods, and the plasma is humidified by water through a humidifier for later use; the plasma contains a large amount of active oxygen, ultraviolet photon, OH and O2−High active substances such as HOO, NO free radical and the like, and preparation is made for further fresh-keeping treatment;
and (3) treatment: taking fresh lotus roots without damage, diseases, brown stains and shrinkage, keeping lotus rhizome nodes complete, cleaning, disinfecting with 2-40ppm of disinfectant fluid, draining off the liquid on the surfaces of the lotus roots, placing the lotus roots on a metal plate with holes, and forming an oxidation corrosion resistant coating on the surface of the metal plate, wherein the coating comprises the following components: 80-100 parts of distilled water, 50-60 parts of aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5-0.6 part of ethyl orthosilicate, 0.8-1.0 part of magnesium oxide, 0.6-0.7 part of zinc oxide, 2.4-2.5 parts of magnesium chromate, 4.5-4.8 parts of micro-nano aluminum powder and 0.05-0.06 part of 3- (4-methoxyphenyl) -3-oxopropanoic acid ethyl ester, rapidly placing a metal plate and lotus roots in a sealable treatment chamber at room temperature, pumping the pressure of the treatment chamber to 1-10Pa by using a vacuum pump, then injecting cooling plasma, treating for 7.5-10 minutes, and taking out the lotus roots; when the plasma contacts the surface of lotus root, active oxygen, ultraviolet photon, OH and O in the plasma2−HOO and NO free radicals induce the reaction of amino acid with an active side chain in the polyphenol oxidase, such as cysteine, phenylalanine with an aromatic ring, tyrosine and tryptophan, so that the loss of the enzyme activity is caused, the oxidative deterioration of phenolic substances by the polyphenol oxidase is prevented, and the browning of lotus roots is prevented; the oxidation corrosion resistant coating on the surface of the metal plate can prevent the oxidation corrosion of the active ingredients of low-temperature plasma on the metal and prolong the use of the metal plateThe period can be prolonged, and the possible influence of corrosion products on the lotus root components can be prevented; the 3- (4-methoxyphenyl) -3-oxo ethyl propionate can promote the reaction of active components in the plasma and polyphenol oxidase, improve enzyme inactivating efficiency, and reduce the contact time between the plasma and lotus root, thereby reducing cost.
Preparing a preservative: weighing 0.15-0.2 part of nisin, 0.3-0.5 part of sodium phytate, 0.3-0.5 part of sodium sorbate, 3-6 parts of plant extract and 30-50 parts of distilled water, and uniformly mixing at 30-35 ℃ for 10-15 minutes to obtain the preservative; the bactericidal components in the preservative can also effectively act on the microbial cell plasma membrane, so that the synthesis of the microbial cell plasma membrane and phospholipid compounds is hindered, the cell membrane contents are leaked, the cell is seriously cracked, and microorganisms are killed; the preservative can be degraded and absorbed after entering a human body, is safe and has no toxic or side effect;
and (3) post-treatment: immersing plasma-treated rhizoma Nelumbinis in preservative at frequency of 30-32kHz and power density of 0.45-0.55W/cm2Soaking for 2-3 minutes under the ultrasonic condition, taking out, and rapidly preserving the lotus roots at 5-7 ℃; the ultrasonic cavitation effect accelerates the change of the membrane potential of the microbial cell membranes inside the lotus roots and the increase of the membrane permeability, effectively destroys the cell membrane structures of the microbes, enables effective ingredients in the preservative to enter the microbial cells more quickly, destroys the cell structures, kills the microbes, effectively enhances the sterilization effect, and can effectively prolong the preservation time limit of the lotus roots.
Preferably, the disinfectant is a sodium hypochlorite solution or a sodium chloride solution or a hydrogen peroxide solution or a chlorine dioxide solution and a sodium chloride solution weak acid electrolyte; the disinfectant fluid can effectively kill harmful microorganisms on the surface of the lotus root and can be easily eluted and removed.
Preferably, the plant extract is hawthorn flavone, rabdosia rubescens flavone, rosemary extract, konjac powder or grape seed extract; the plant extract is helpful for fresh keeping, and is harmless to human body.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: 1) to be rich in active oxygen, ultraviolet photon, OH and O2−The lotus roots are treated by low-temperature plasmas of active substances such as HOO and NO free radicals and radicals, and the active substances and the radicals can react with amino acid groups of polyphenol oxidase on the surfaces of the lotus roots, so that enzyme activity is lost, the phenolic substances are prevented from being oxidized and deteriorated by the polyphenol oxidase, and the lotus roots are prevented from browning; 2) the 3- (4-methoxyphenyl) -3-oxopropanoic acid ethyl ester in the oxidation and corrosion resistant coating on the upper surface of the metal plate can promote the reaction of active ingredients in the plasma and polyphenol oxidase, improve the enzyme inactivating efficiency, and reduce the contact time of the plasma and lotus roots, thereby reducing the cost; 3) the ultrasonic wave can destroy the cell membrane structure of the lotus root microorganisms, and the sterilization components in the preservative can also effectively act on the microbial cell plasma membrane, so that the synthesis of the microbial cell plasma membrane and phospholipid compounds is hindered, the cell membrane contents are leaked, the cell lysis is seriously caused, the microorganisms are killed, and the effects of preservation and corrosion prevention are achieved; 4) the method disclosed by the invention is simple to operate, can be applied to large-scale operation, has an obvious browning prevention and fresh-keeping effect, is a water-soluble substance which is easy to elute, can be degraded into small molecules such as amino acid and the like in the environment in a human body even if entering the human body, is safe and has no toxic or side effect, and therefore, the method is an efficient and safe browning prevention and fresh-keeping method for the lotus roots.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the residual enzymatic activity of polyphenol oxidase in the lotus root section of the present invention and the mass ratio of 2-hydroxy-3-tert-butylbenzaldehyde to ethyl 3- (4-methoxyphenyl) -3-oxopropanoate.
Detailed Description
The scheme of the invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1:
a brown stain prevention and fresh keeping method for lotus roots comprises the following steps:
1) preparing low-temperature plasma mixed gas; the plasma contains a large amount of active oxygen, ultraviolet photon, OH and O2 −High active substances such as HOO, NO free radical and the like, and preparation is made for further fresh-keeping treatment; 2) taking fresh lotus roots without damage, diseases, brown stain and shrinkage,keeping lotus rhizome nodes intact, cleaning, sterilizing with 2ppm hydrogen peroxide solution, draining off the surface liquid of lotus rhizome, placing on a metal plate with holes, rapidly placing the metal plate and lotus rhizome in a sealable processing chamber at room temperature, pumping the pressure of the processing chamber to 1Pa by using a vacuum pump, injecting cooling plasma, processing for 10 min, and taking out the lotus rhizome; 3) immersing plasma-treated lotus root in antistaling agent (mixture of nisin 0.15 parts, sodium phytate 0.3 parts, sodium sorbate 0.3 parts, grape seed extract 3 parts, and distilled water 30 parts) at frequency of 30kHz and power density of 0.45W/cm2Soaking for 2 minutes under the ultrasonic condition, taking out, and rapidly preserving the lotus roots at 5 ℃; the fresh-keeping time limit of the lotus roots can be effectively prolonged.
Example 2:
a brown stain prevention and fresh keeping method for lotus roots specifically comprises the following steps:
1) preparing plasma: the dielectric barrier discharge configuration device is used as a plasma source, the frequency of the plasma source is 2.55GHz, the power of the power supply is 1.25kW, and the ignition mode is ignition/pause: 5s/7s, the time period is 20 periods, and the plasma is humidified by water through a humidifier for later use; the plasma contains a large amount of active oxygen, ultraviolet photon, OH and O2−High active substances such as HOO, NO free radical and the like, and preparation is made for further fresh-keeping treatment;
2) and (3) treatment: taking fresh lotus roots which are free of damage, diseases, brown stains and shrinkage, keeping lotus rhizome nodes complete, cleaning, disinfecting with 40ppm sodium chloride solution, draining liquid on the surfaces of the lotus roots, placing the lotus roots on a metal plate with holes, and forming an oxidation corrosion resistant coating on the surface of the metal plate, wherein the oxidation corrosion resistant coating comprises the following components: 80g of distilled water, 50g of aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5g of ethyl orthosilicate, 0.8g of magnesium oxide, 0.6g of zinc oxide, 2.4g of magnesium chromate, 4.5g of micro-nano aluminum powder and 0.05g of ethyl 3- (4-methoxyphenyl) -3-oxopropionate, rapidly placing a metal plate and the lotus root in a sealable treatment chamber at room temperature, pumping the pressure of the treatment chamber to 10Pa by using a vacuum pump, injecting cooling plasma, treating for 10 minutes, and taking out the lotus root; when the plasma contacts the surface of lotus root, active oxygen, ultraviolet photon, OH and O in the plasma2−、HOO and NO free radicals induce the reaction of amino acids with active side chains in polyphenol oxidase, such as cysteine, phenylalanine with aromatic rings, tyrosine and tryptophan, so that the loss of the enzyme activity is caused, the oxidative deterioration of phenolic substances by the polyphenol oxidase is prevented, and the occurrence of lotus root browning is prevented;
3) preparing a preservative: weighing 0.2g of nisin, 0.3g of sodium phytate, 0.5g of sodium sorbate, 6g of konjaku flour and 50g of distilled water, and uniformly mixing for 15 minutes at the temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain the preservative; the bactericidal components in the preservative can also effectively act on the microbial cell plasma membrane, so that the synthesis of the microbial cell plasma membrane and phospholipid compounds is hindered, the cell membrane contents are leaked, the cell is seriously cracked, and microorganisms are killed; the preservative can be degraded and absorbed after entering a human body, is safe and has no toxic or side effect;
4) and (3) post-treatment: immersing plasma-treated rhizoma Nelumbinis in preservative at frequency of 32kHz and power density of 0.55W/cm2Soaking for 3 minutes under the ultrasonic condition, taking out, and rapidly preserving the lotus roots at 5 ℃; effective components in the preservative can rapidly enter microbial cells to destroy cell structures and kill the microbial cells, so that the sterilization effect is effectively enhanced, and the preservation time limit of the lotus roots can be effectively prolonged.
Example 3:
a browning prevention and fresh keeping method for lotus roots comprises the following steps: the preparation, treatment, preservative preparation and post-treatment of the plasma specifically comprise the following steps:
preparing plasma: the dielectric barrier discharge configuration device is used as a plasma source, the frequency of the plasma source is 2.55GHz, the power of the power supply is 1.25kW, and the ignition mode is ignition/pause: 4s/6s, the time period is 25 periods, and the plasma is humidified by water through a humidifier for standby; the plasma contains a large amount of active oxygen, ultraviolet photon, OH and O2−High active substances such as HOO, NO free radical and the like, and preparation is made for further fresh-keeping treatment;
and (3) treatment: taking fresh lotus root without damage, disease, brown stain and shrinkage, keeping lotus node intact, cleaning, sterilizing with 20ppm chlorine dioxide solution, and collecting lotus root surface liquidThe body is drained and then placed on a metal plate with holes, and the surface of the metal plate is provided with a layer of oxidation and corrosion resistant coating which comprises the following components: 80 parts of distilled water, 60 parts of aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, 0.6 part of ethyl orthosilicate, 1.0 part of magnesium oxide, 0.7 part of zinc oxide, 2.5 parts of magnesium chromate, 4.8 parts of micro-nano aluminum powder, 0.06 part of ethyl 3- (4-methoxyphenyl) -3-oxopropionate and 0.12 part of 2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl benzaldehyde, rapidly placing a metal plate and lotus roots in a sealable treatment chamber at room temperature, pumping the pressure of the treatment chamber to 5Pa by a vacuum pump, injecting cooling plasma, and taking out the lotus roots after 7.5 minutes of treatment; when the plasma contacts the surface of lotus root, active oxygen, ultraviolet photon, OH and O in the plasma2−HOO and NO free radicals induce the reaction of amino acid with an active side chain in the polyphenol oxidase, such as cysteine, phenylalanine with an aromatic ring, tyrosine and tryptophan, so that the loss of the enzyme activity is caused, the oxidative deterioration of phenolic substances by the polyphenol oxidase is prevented, and the browning of lotus roots is prevented; the oxidation corrosion resistant coating on the surface of the metal plate can hinder the oxidation corrosion of low-temperature plasma active components to metal, prolong the service life of the metal plate and prevent possible influence of corrosion products on lotus root components;
preparing a preservative: weighing 0.15 part of nisin, 0.4 part of sodium phytate, 0.4 part of sodium sorbate, 5 parts of hawthorn flavone and 40 parts of distilled water, and uniformly mixing for 15 minutes at the temperature of 30 ℃ to obtain the preservative; the bactericidal components in the preservative can also effectively act on the microbial cell plasma membrane, so that the synthesis of the microbial cell plasma membrane and phospholipid compounds is hindered, the cell membrane contents are leaked, the cell is seriously cracked, and microorganisms are killed; the preservative can be degraded and absorbed after entering a human body, is safe and has no toxic or side effect;
and (3) post-treatment: immersing plasma-treated rhizoma Nelumbinis in preservative at frequency of 32kHz and power density of 0.55W/cm2Soaking for 3 minutes under the ultrasonic condition, taking out, and rapidly preserving the lotus roots at 5 ℃; the cavitation effect of the ultrasonic wave accelerates the change of the membrane potential and the increase of the membrane permeability of the microbial cell membranes in the lotus roots, effectively destroys the cell membrane structures of the microbes and ensures that the effective components in the preservativeThe fresh-keeping agent can enter the microbial cells more quickly, destroy the cell structure and kill the microbial cells, so that the sterilization effect is effectively enhanced, and the fresh-keeping time limit of the lotus roots can be effectively prolonged.
Example 4:
a browning prevention and fresh keeping method for lotus roots comprises the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following steps of plasma preparation, metal plate surface treatment, preservative preparation and post-treatment, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1. preparing plasma: the dielectric barrier discharge configuration device is used as a plasma source, the frequency of the plasma source is 2.50GHz, the power of the power supply is 1.25kW, and the ignition mode is ignition/pause: 5s/6s, the time period is 20 periods, and the plasma is humidified by water through a humidifier for later use; the plasma contains a large amount of active oxygen, ultraviolet photon, OH and O2−High active substances such as HOO, NO free radical and the like, and preparation is made for further fresh-keeping treatment;
2. surface treatment of the metal plate: weighing 10 parts of the following components to prepare coating solutions respectively: 100 parts of distilled water, 60 parts of aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, 0.6 part of ethyl orthosilicate, 0.9 part of magnesium oxide, 0.6 part of zinc oxide, 2.5 parts of magnesium chromate, 4.8 parts of micro-nano aluminum powder and 0.05 part of ethyl 3- (4-methoxyphenyl) -3-oxopropionate are sequentially added with 0.05 part of 2-hydroxy-3-tert-butylbenzaldehyde, 0.10 part of zinc oxide, 0.15 part of magnesium chromate, … …, 0.40 part of micro-nano aluminum powder, 0.45 part of micro-nano aluminum powder and 0.50 part of ethyl 3- (4-methoxyphenyl) -3-oxopropionate respectively to prepare a mixture coating containing 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, … …, 9:1 and 10:1 of 2-hydroxy-3-tert-butylbenzaldehyde and ethyl 3- (4-methoxyphenyl) -3-oxopropionate, the mixture coating is coated on the surface of a metal plate and then dried for, then placing the lotus root in subacid sodium chloride solution electrolyte with the pH value of 6.3 for 25 seconds, and quickly placing the lotus root and the lotus root into a treatment chamber for treatment;
3. and (3) treatment: taking fresh lotus roots which are free of damage, diseases, brown stains and shrinkage, keeping lotus rhizome nodes complete, cleaning, disinfecting with 30ppm sodium hypochlorite solution, draining liquid on the surfaces of the lotus roots, placing the lotus roots on a metal plate with holes, rapidly placing the metal plate and the lotus roots in a sealable processing chamber at room temperature, pumping the pressure of the processing chamber to 2Pa by using a vacuum pump, injecting cooling plasma, processing for 7.5 minutes, and taking out the lotus roots; when plasma reacts with lotusAfter the lotus root surface is contacted, active oxygen, ultraviolet photon, OH and O in plasma2−HOO and NO free radicals induce the reaction of amino acid with an active side chain in the polyphenol oxidase, such as cysteine, phenylalanine with an aromatic ring, tyrosine and tryptophan, so that the loss of the enzyme activity is caused, the oxidative deterioration of phenolic substances by the polyphenol oxidase is prevented, and the browning of lotus roots is prevented; the oxidation corrosion resistant coating on the surface of the metal plate can hinder the oxidation corrosion of low-temperature plasma active components to metal, prolong the service life of the metal plate and prevent possible influence of corrosion products on lotus root components;
4. preparing a preservative: weighing 0.18 part of nisin, 0.4 part of sodium phytate, 0.4 part of sodium sorbate, 4 parts of plant extract and 35 parts of distilled water, and uniformly mixing for 10 minutes at the temperature of 32 ℃ to obtain the preservative; the bactericidal components in the preservative can also effectively act on the microbial cell plasma membrane, so that the synthesis of the microbial cell plasma membrane and phospholipid compounds is hindered, the cell membrane contents are leaked, the cell is seriously cracked, and microorganisms are killed; the preservative can be degraded and absorbed after entering a human body, is safe and has no toxic or side effect;
5. and (3) post-treatment: immersing plasma-treated rhizoma Nelumbinis in preservative at frequency of 32kHz and power density of 0.55W/cm2Soaking for 3 minutes under the ultrasonic condition, taking out, and rapidly preserving the lotus roots at 5 ℃; the ultrasonic cavitation effect accelerates the change of the membrane potential of the microbial cell membranes inside the lotus roots and the increase of the membrane permeability, effectively destroys the cell membrane structures of the microbes, enables effective ingredients in the preservative to enter the microbial cells more quickly, destroys the cell structures, kills the microbes, effectively enhances the sterilization effect, and can effectively prolong the preservation time limit of the lotus roots.
Fresh-cut lotus roots are taken, cleaned, sterilized, soaked in hot water at 50 ℃ for 10 minutes and then rapidly placed at 5 ℃ to be stored as a control group, the elastic modulus of the lotus root slices in examples 1-4 and the control group is detected by a compression test, the enzyme activity of polyphenol oxidase in the cut surfaces is measured by a spectrophotometry method, and the fresh-keeping days of the lotus roots in examples 1-3 and the control group are arranged to be shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 days of freshness in examples 1-3 and control
As can be seen from table 1, compared with the hot water soaking of the control group, the browning time of the lotus root after the low-temperature plasma treatment is greatly prolonged, and the browning speed is obviously slowed down, which indicates that the low-temperature plasma treatment significantly weakens the activity of polyphenol oxidase in the section of the lotus root, delays the browning process of the lotus root, and has higher fresh-keeping significance.
The residual enzyme activity of the lotus root slices, the dry matter content of lotus roots, and the elastic modulus of lotus root blocks in examples 1 to 3 after 24 hours of treatment were measured and arranged as shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 residual enzyme activity, dry matter content and elastic modulus of Nelumbo Nucifera in examples 1-3
As can be seen from table 2, after the low-temperature plasma treatment, the residual enzyme activity of the lotus root section is greatly reduced, which indicates that the effective components in the low-temperature plasma react with the polyphenol oxidase to inactivate the polyphenol oxidase, so that the degradation of the substrate phenolic substances by the polyphenol oxidase is delayed, and the browning speed of the lotus root is delayed; the dry matter content and the elastic modulus of the lotus roots are not greatly reduced, which indicates that the low-temperature plasma does not seriously damage the nutritional ingredients of the lotus roots while preventing browning and prolonging the shelf life, probably because the active ingredients in the low-temperature plasma react with certain amino acids in the lotus root proteins, particularly, the dry matter content and the elastic modulus of the lotus roots are not reduced in example 3, which indicates that the reaction speed of the active ingredients in the low-temperature plasma and polyphenol oxidase is accelerated by adding the 2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl benzaldehyde and the ethyl 3- (4-methoxyphenyl) -3-oxopropionate, so that the degradation of the active ingredients to the lotus root proteins is reduced.
The lotus root in example 4 was processed by low temperature plasma under the condition of different mass ratios of 2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl benzaldehyde to ethyl 3- (4-methoxyphenyl) -3-oxopropanoate, and the mass ratio of the two was collated with the remaining enzymatic activity of polyphenol oxidase in the lotus root cut surface to obtain fig. 1.
As can be seen from fig. 1, the residual enzymatic activity of polyphenol oxidase in lotus root cut surface and the mass ratio of 2-hydroxy-3-tert-butylbenzaldehyde to ethyl 3- (4-methoxyphenyl) -3-oxopropionate are in a large relationship but do not show a linear correlation, and when the ratio of 2-hydroxy-3-tert-butylbenzaldehyde to ethyl 3- (4-methoxyphenyl) -3-oxopropionate is between 3:1 and 9:1, the residual enzymatic activity of polyphenol oxidase in lotus root cut surface can be as low as 17% or less, particularly, when the ratio is 7:1 or between 4: 1-5:1, the residual enzymatic activity of the polyphenol oxidase is reduced to below 10%, and the degradation of the polyphenol oxidase on a substrate can be greatly enhanced, so that the browning of the lotus roots is delayed. As can be seen from figure 1, when the ratio of 2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl benzaldehyde to 3- (4-methoxyphenyl) -3-oxo ethyl propionate is in a specific value and the metal plate coated with the anti-oxidation corrosion coating is soaked in the subacid sodium chloride solution electrolyte, a certain reaction mechanism which is not clear yet is formed, the reaction speed of the low-temperature plasma to the polyphenol oxidase is greatly improved, so that the treatment action time of the low-temperature plasma to the lotus root can be reduced, the degradation degree of the low-temperature plasma to nutrient substances such as protein of the lotus root can be reduced, the loss of nutrient substances of the lotus root can be effectively prevented while the lotus root is prevented from browning and kept fresh, and the method is efficient and safe.
Conventional operations in the operation steps of the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described herein.
The embodiments described above are intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention in detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modification, supplement or similar substitution made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A browning prevention and fresh keeping method for lotus roots comprises the following steps: the preparation, the treatment, the preservative preparation and the post-treatment of the plasma are characterized in that:
the preparation steps of the plasma are as follows: the dielectric barrier discharge configuration device is used as a plasma source, the frequency of the plasma source is 2.45-2.55GHz, the power of the power supply is 1.2-1.25kW, and the ignition mode is ignition/pause: 4-5s/6-7s, the time period is 20-25 periods, and the plasma is humidified by water through a humidifier for later use;
the treatment steps are as follows: taking fresh lotus roots which are free of damage, diseases, brown stains and shrinkage, keeping lotus rhizome nodes complete, cleaning, disinfecting with 2-40ppm of disinfectant fluid, draining liquid on the surfaces of the lotus roots, placing the lotus roots on a metal plate with holes, forming a layer of oxidation corrosion resistant coating on the surface of the metal plate, rapidly placing the metal plate and the lotus roots in a sealable treatment chamber at room temperature, pumping the pressure of the treatment chamber to 1-10Pa by using a vacuum pump, injecting cooling plasma, treating for 7.5-10 minutes, and taking out the lotus roots;
the steps for preparing the preservative are as follows: weighing 0.15-0.2 part of nisin, 0.3-0.5 part of sodium phytate, 0.3-0.5 part of sodium sorbate, 3-6 parts of plant extract and 30-50 parts of distilled water, and uniformly mixing at 30-35 ℃ for 10-15 minutes to obtain the preservative; the plant extracts are: fructus crataegi flavone, rabdosia rubescens flavone, herba Rosmarini officinalis extract, rhizoma Amorphophalli powder or grape seed extract;
the post-treatment steps are as follows: immersing plasma-treated rhizoma Nelumbinis in antistaling agent at frequency of 30-32kHz and power density of 0.45-0.55W/cm2Soaking for 2-3 minutes under the ultrasonic condition, taking out, and rapidly preserving the lotus roots at 5-7 ℃;
the oxidation and corrosion resistant coating in the treatment step comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of distilled water, 50-60 parts of aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5-0.6 part of ethyl orthosilicate, 0.8-1.0 part of magnesium oxide, 0.6-0.7 part of zinc oxide, 2.4-2.5 parts of magnesium chromate, 4.5-4.8 parts of micro-nano aluminum powder, 0.05-0.06 part of ethyl 3- (4-methoxyphenyl) -3-oxopropionate and 2-hydroxy-3-tert-butylbenzaldehyde; wherein the ratio of 2-hydroxy-3-tert-butylbenzaldehyde to ethyl 3- (4-methoxyphenyl) -3-oxopropanoate is from 3:1 to 9: 1.
2. The anti-browning and fresh-keeping method of lotus roots according to claim 1, characterized in that: the disinfectant in the treatment step is a sodium hypochlorite solution or a sodium chloride solution or a hydrogen peroxide solution or a chlorine dioxide solution and a sodium chloride solution weak acid electrolyte.
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