CN107955683B - 一种多功能润滑油 - Google Patents

一种多功能润滑油 Download PDF

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CN107955683B
CN107955683B CN201711289223.4A CN201711289223A CN107955683B CN 107955683 B CN107955683 B CN 107955683B CN 201711289223 A CN201711289223 A CN 201711289223A CN 107955683 B CN107955683 B CN 107955683B
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phosphate
parts
adamantane
oil
lubricating oil
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CN107955683A (zh
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张语
张连耕
于盈盈
钟景熙
刘建秀
张讯
侯艳丽
段志军
钟读永
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Shandong Yihe Lubricating Oil Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种多功能润滑油,由以下质量份数的组分组成:金刚烷磷酸酯盐10‑20份、磷酸酯甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物5‑7份、基础油60‑70份、分散剂1‑3份、清净剂1‑3份;所述金刚烷磷酸盐的制备方法,包括金刚烷季铵盐的制备和离子交换步骤;所述磷酸酯甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将甲基丙烯酸甲酯、三烯丙基磷酸酯和聚氧丙烯聚乙烯甘油醚混合,放入在氮气氛围下的辐射场内,采用钴60‑γ辐射法辐射,辐照时间40‑50分钟;该发明公开的一种多功能润滑油挤压性能和润滑性能优异,使用范围广,功能多。

Description

一种多功能润滑油
技术领域
本发明涉及润滑油技术领域,尤其涉及一种含有金刚烷磷酸酯离子液体多功能润滑油。
背景技术
机械零部件在运转过程中会产生摩擦磨损,带来材料和能源的大量损耗,与此同时还会造成环境污染。润滑油由于其能有效减缓机械零部件摩擦磨损、降低能量损耗而被广泛应用。润滑油性能的好坏直接影响着机械零件的工作状态及使用寿命。
润滑油是用在各种类型汽车、机械设备上以减少摩擦,保护机械及加工件的液或半固体润滑油,主要起润滑、冷却、防锈、清洁、密封和缓冲等作用。是现代工业和国防工业运转的血液。但现有的润滑油在减少润滑油的摩擦磨损、减少机械振动噪音及降低油温方面的效果一般,抗氧化性较差,由此降低了润滑油的使用寿命;其次,市面上的高品质润滑油价格都较昂贵,而且其大多功效单一,使用效果不理想,换油周期达不到发动机等机械零部件的基本要求,如果长期工作在摩擦和挤压的恶劣环境中,受多种因素影响很容易失去润滑作用,进而导致工作面出现磨损,机件无法正常工作,严重时还有可能出现事故。
因此,开发一种润滑效果好,价格低廉的多功能润滑油是非常有必要的。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种多功能润滑油,该润滑油制备原料易得,价格低廉,具有润滑效果好,功能多、功效好、适用范围广、稳定性好的优点。
为达到以上目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:一种多功能润滑油,由以下质量份数的组分组成:金刚烷磷酸酯盐10-20份、磷酸酯甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物5-7份、基础油60-70份、分散剂1-3份、清净剂1-3份;
其中,所述基础油选自矿物油、植物油、聚乙二醇、合成酯或聚α-烯烃中的一种或几种;
所述植物油选自菜籽油、豆油、花生油或蓖麻油中的一种或几种;
所述分散剂为硬脂酸、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、脂肪酸甘油酯中的一种或几种;
优先地,所述清净剂为硫化烷基酚钙T115B;
所述金刚烷磷酸酯盐的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)金刚烷季铵盐的制备:将1,3,5,7-四(4-氨基苯基)金刚烷、二叔丁基氯甲基磷酸酯加入到乙醚中,在30-40℃下搅拌反应6-8小时,在室温下旋蒸除去溶剂,后用乙酸乙酯洗涤产物3-5次,在室温下再次旋蒸除去溶剂后,放入50℃下的真空干燥箱中烘6-8小时;
2)离子交换:将经过步骤1)制备得到的金刚烷季铵盐溶于氯仿中,并向其中加入抗坏血酸磷酸酯镁盐,室温搅拌反应12-18小时,后用水洗产物4-6遍,并取有机层,在40-60℃下旋蒸除去溶剂;
其中,所述1,3,5,7-四(4-氨基苯基)金刚烷、二叔丁基氯甲基磷酸酯、乙醚的质量比为1:4:(10-20);
所述金刚烷季铵盐、氯仿、抗坏血酸磷酸酯镁盐的质量比为2.5:(10-16):1;
所述磷酸酯甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将甲基丙烯酸甲酯、三烯丙基磷酸酯和聚氧丙烯聚乙烯甘油醚混合,放入在氮气氛围下的辐射场内,采用钴60-γ辐射法辐射,辐照时间为40-50分钟;
所述甲基丙烯酸甲酯、三烯丙基磷酸酯、聚氧丙烯聚乙烯甘油醚的质量比为10:1:(0.1-0.2);
由于上述技术方案运用,本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点:
(1)本发明设计的多功能润滑油原料易得,价格较现有技术中的润滑油价格低廉。
(2)本发明设计的多功能润滑油,具有金刚烷类结构,热安定性好,热分解温度、闪点和自燃点高,热氧化安定性好,允许在较高的温度下使用。
(3)本发明设计的多功能润滑油,具备磷酸脂类和烃类合成润滑油的优异特征,具有优良的粘温性能和低温性能。润滑效果好,极压性能优异,抗燃、抗辐射、功能多、功效好、稳定性好,适用范围广。
(4)本发明设计的多功能润滑油,同时具有金刚烷、离子液体类结构,润滑效果好,磷酸酯甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物组分的加入部件可以改进粘度,还可以起到提高耐磨润滑作用。
(5)本发明设计的多功能润滑油,没有使用含氟等对环境有害的组分,更加环保;组分中不含卤素、酸、碱等对机械零部件造成腐蚀的成分,有利于提高抗腐蚀性。
具体实施方式
以下描述用于揭露本发明以使本领域技术人员能够实现本发明。以下描述中的优选实施例只作为举例,本领域技术人员可以想到其他显而易见的变型。
实施例1
一种多功能润滑油,由以下质量份数的组分组成:金刚烷磷酸酯盐10份、磷酸酯甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物5份、基础油60份、分散剂为硬脂酸1份、清净剂硫化烷基酚钙T115B1份;
其中,所述基础油由矿物油、植物油按质量比3:5混合得到;
所述植物油由菜籽油、豆油按质量比2:1混合得到;
所述金刚烷磷酸酯盐的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)金刚烷季铵盐的制备:将1,3,5,7-四(4-氨基苯基)金刚烷10g、二叔丁基氯甲基磷酸酯40g加入到乙醚100g中,在30℃下搅拌反应6小时,在室温下旋蒸除去溶剂,后用乙酸乙酯洗涤产物3次,在室温下再次旋蒸除去溶剂后,放入50℃下的真空干燥箱中烘6小时;
2)离子交换:将经过步骤1)制备得到的金刚烷季铵盐10g溶于氯仿40g中,并向其中加入抗坏血酸磷酸酯镁盐4g,室温搅拌反应12小时,后用水洗产物4遍,并取有机层,在40℃下旋蒸除去溶剂;
所述磷酸酯甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将甲基丙烯酸甲酯10g、三烯丙基磷酸酯1g和聚氧丙烯聚乙烯甘油醚0.1g混合,放入在氮气氛围下的辐射场内,采用钴60-γ辐射法辐射,辐照时间为40分钟;
实施例2
一种多功能润滑油,由以下质量份数的组分组成:金刚烷磷酸酯盐13份、磷酸酯甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物6份、基础油65份、分散剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠2份、清净剂硫化烷基酚钙T115B 2份;
其中,所述基础油由矿物油、聚乙二醇按质量比2:3混合而成;
所述金刚烷磷酸酯盐的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)金刚烷季铵盐的制备:将1,3,5,7-四(4-氨基苯基)金刚烷10g、二叔丁基氯甲基磷酸酯40g加入到乙醚130g中,在34℃下搅拌反应7小时,在室温下旋蒸除去溶剂,后用乙酸乙酯洗涤产物4次,在室温下再次旋蒸除去溶剂后,放入50℃下的真空干燥箱中烘7小时;
2)离子交换:将经过步骤1)制备得到的金刚烷季铵盐10g溶于氯仿50g中,并向其中加入抗坏血酸磷酸酯镁盐4g,室温搅拌反应15小时,后用水洗产物5遍,并取有机层,在50℃下旋蒸除去溶剂;
所述磷酸酯甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将甲基丙烯酸甲酯10g、三烯丙基磷酸酯1g和聚氧丙烯聚乙烯甘油醚0.14g混合,放入在氮气氛围下的辐射场内,采用钴60-γ辐射法辐射,辐照时间为44分钟;
实施例3
一种多功能润滑油,由以下质量份数的组分组成:金刚烷磷酸酯盐16份、磷酸酯甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物7份、基础油66份、分散剂脂肪酸甘油酯2份、清净剂硫化烷基酚钙T115B 3份;
所述金刚烷磷酸酯盐的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)金刚烷季铵盐的制备:将1,3,5,7-四(4-氨基苯基)金刚烷10g、二叔丁基氯甲基磷酸酯40g加入到乙醚160g中,在37℃下搅拌反应7小时,在室温下旋蒸除去溶剂,后用乙酸乙酯洗涤产物5次,在室温下再次旋蒸除去溶剂后,放入50℃下的真空干燥箱中烘8小时;
2)离子交换:将经过步骤1)制备得到的金刚烷季铵盐10g溶于氯仿56g中,并向其中加入抗坏血酸磷酸酯镁盐4g,室温搅拌反应17小时,后用水洗产物6遍,并取有机层,在52℃下旋蒸除去溶剂;
所述磷酸酯甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将甲基丙烯酸甲酯10g、三烯丙基磷酸酯1g和聚氧丙烯聚乙烯甘油醚0.17g混合,放入在氮气氛围下的辐射场内,采用钴60-γ辐射法辐射,辐照时间为48分钟;
实施例4
一种多功能润滑油,由以下质量份数的组分组成:金刚烷磷酸酯盐19份、磷酸酯甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物7份、基础油合成酯68份、分散剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠3份、清净剂硫化烷基酚钙T115B 3份;
所述金刚烷磷酸酯盐的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)金刚烷季铵盐的制备:将1,3,5,7-四(4-氨基苯基)金刚烷10g、二叔丁基氯甲基磷酸酯40g加入到乙醚180g中,在38℃下搅拌反应8小时,在室温下旋蒸除去溶剂,后用乙酸乙酯洗涤产物5次,在室温下再次旋蒸除去溶剂后,放入50℃下的真空干燥箱中烘8小时;
2)离子交换:将经过步骤1)制备得到的金刚烷季铵盐10g溶于氯仿60g中,并向其中加入抗坏血酸磷酸酯镁盐4g,室温搅拌反应17小时,后用水洗产物6遍,并取有机层,在60℃下旋蒸除去溶剂;
所述磷酸酯甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将甲基丙烯酸甲酯10g、三烯丙基磷酸酯1g和聚氧丙烯聚乙烯甘油醚0.18g混合,放入在氮气氛围下的辐射场内,采用钴60-γ辐射法辐射,辐照时间为50分钟;
实施例5
一种多功能润滑油,由以下质量份数的组分组成:金刚烷磷酸酯盐20份、磷酸酯甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物7份、基础油聚α-烯烃70份、分散剂为硬脂酸3份、清净剂硫化烷基酚钙T115B 3份;
所述金刚烷磷酸酯盐的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)金刚烷季铵盐的制备:将1,3,5,7-四(4-氨基苯基)金刚烷10g、二叔丁基氯甲基磷酸酯40g加入到乙醚200g中,在40℃下搅拌反应8小时,在室温下旋蒸除去溶剂,后用乙酸乙酯洗涤产物5次,在室温下再次旋蒸除去溶剂后,放入50℃下的真空干燥箱中烘8小时;
2)离子交换:将经过步骤1)制备得到的金刚烷季铵盐10g溶于氯仿64g中,并向其中加入抗坏血酸磷酸酯镁盐4g,室温搅拌反应18小时,后用水洗产物6遍,并取有机层,在60℃下旋蒸除去溶剂;
所述磷酸酯甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将甲基丙烯酸甲酯10g、三烯丙基磷酸酯1g和聚氧丙烯聚乙烯甘油醚0.2g混合,放入在氮气氛围下的辐射场内,采用钴60-γ辐射法辐射,辐照时间为50分钟;
对比例
国内常用润滑油脂,购自无锡普润科技有限公司。
对上述实施例1-5以及对比例所得样品进行相关性能测试,测试结果如表1所示,测试方法如下,
(1)四球实验:按照ASTMD-2783进行测试;在四球实验测试结果中,在一定温度、转速下,最大无卡咬负荷PB值,表示的是钢球在润滑状态不发生卡咬的最大负荷,PB值越高,说明润滑油的润滑性能越好。烧结负荷PD值,表示的是逐级增大负荷,上方钢球和下方钢球因负荷过重而发生高温烧结,设备不得不停止运转的负荷,PD值越高,说明润滑油的极压润滑性能越好。磨斑直径d值,表示的是承重钢球面因摩擦导致磨损斑痕直径的大小,d值越小,说明润滑油的抗磨能力润滑性越好。
(2)运动粘度:按照GB/T265进行测试;
(3)倾点:按照GB/T3535-2006进行测试;
表1实施例和对比例样品性能
Figure GDA0002542390090000061
从上表可以看出,本发明实施例公开的多功能润滑油最大无卡咬负荷(PB)70-99N(kg),烧结负荷(PD)145-170N(kg),磨斑直径d 0.35-0.17mm,40℃运动粘度32-40mm2/s,倾点-30--23℃,而市售传统润滑油最大无卡咬负荷(PB)60N(kg),烧结负荷(PD)130N(kg),磨斑直径d 0.4mm,40℃运动粘度75mm2/s,倾点-21℃,可见,本发明实施例公开的多功能润滑油具有较好的极压性能和润滑性能。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明的范围内。本发明要求的保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等同物界定。

Claims (5)

1.一种多功能润滑油,其特征在于,由以下质量份数的组分组成:金刚烷磷酸酯盐10-20份、磷酸酯甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物5-7份、基础油60-70份、分散剂1-3份、清净剂1-3份;
其中,所述金刚烷磷酸酯盐的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)金刚烷季铵盐的制备:将1,3,5,7-四(4-氨基苯基)金刚烷、二叔丁基氯甲基磷酸酯加入到乙醚中,在30-40℃下搅拌反应6-8小时,在室温下旋蒸除去溶剂,后用乙酸乙酯洗涤产物3-5次,在室温下再次旋蒸除去溶剂后,放入50℃下的真空干燥箱中烘6-8小时;
2)离子交换:将经过步骤1)制备得到的金刚烷季铵盐溶于氯仿中,并向其中加入抗坏血酸磷酸酯镁盐,室温搅拌反应12-18小时,后用水洗产物4-6遍,并取有机层,在40-60℃下旋蒸除去溶剂;
步骤1)中所述1,3,5,7-四(4-氨基苯基)金刚烷、二叔丁基氯甲基磷酸酯、乙醚的质量比为1:4:(10-20);步骤2)中所述金刚烷季铵盐、氯仿、抗坏血酸磷酸酯镁盐的质量比为2.5:(10-16):1;
所述磷酸酯甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将甲基丙烯酸甲酯、三烯丙基磷酸酯和聚氧丙烯聚乙烯甘油醚混合,放入在氮气氛围下的辐射场内,采用钴60-γ辐射法辐射,辐照时间为40-50分钟;所述甲基丙烯酸甲酯、三烯丙基磷酸酯、聚氧丙烯聚乙烯甘油醚的质量比为10:1:(0.1-0.2)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多功能润滑油,其特征在于,所述基础油选自矿物油、植物油、聚乙二醇、合成酯或聚α-烯烃中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种多功能润滑油,其特征在于,所述植物油选自菜籽油、豆油、花生油或蓖麻油中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种多功能润滑油,其特征在于,所述分散剂为硬脂酸、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、脂肪酸甘油酯中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种多功能润滑油,其特征在于,所述清净剂为硫化烷基酚钙T115B。
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