CN107955352A - 一种聚乳酸复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种聚乳酸复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107955352A CN107955352A CN201711340222.8A CN201711340222A CN107955352A CN 107955352 A CN107955352 A CN 107955352A CN 201711340222 A CN201711340222 A CN 201711340222A CN 107955352 A CN107955352 A CN 107955352A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- modified
- fiber
- composite material
- lactic acid
- fibre
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Natural products [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N Cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229930016911 cinnamic acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000013985 cinnamic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 235000013773 glyceryl triacetate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000001087 glyceryl triacetate Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical group CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C=C FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XJKVPKYVPCWHFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Si] XJKVPKYVPCWHFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 sorbierite Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 14
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tristearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DJOWTWWHMWQATC-KYHIUUMWSA-N Karpoxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)CC(O)CC2(C)C DJOWTWWHMWQATC-KYHIUUMWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002634 lipophilic molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/047—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with mixed fibrous material
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/50—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with organometallic compounds; with organic compounds containing boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium atoms
- D06M13/51—Compounds with at least one carbon-metal or carbon-boron, carbon-silicon, carbon-selenium, or carbon-tellurium bond
- D06M13/513—Compounds with at least one carbon-metal or carbon-boron, carbon-silicon, carbon-selenium, or carbon-tellurium bond with at least one carbon-silicon bond
- D06M13/5135—Unsaturated compounds containing silicon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2367/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2401/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2401/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2497/00—Characterised by the use of lignin-containing materials
- C08J2497/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/06—Elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/02—Ingredients treated with inorganic substances
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/04—Vegetal fibres
- D06M2101/06—Vegetal fibres cellulosic
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种聚乳酸复合材料,由以下重量百分数的原料制成:聚乳酸60~90%,改性纤维10~30%,热稳定剂0.2~10%,交联剂0.3~8%,加工助剂0.1~10%。改性纤维由改性秸秆纤维、改性麻纤维和改性碳纤维组成;热稳定剂选自环氧大豆油、丙三醇、亚磷酸三苯酯、酒石酸、肉桂酸、三醋酸甘油脂。其制备方法为:将聚乳酸、改性纤维、热稳定剂、交联剂、加工助剂混合均匀,直接注塑成型,注塑温度为150~200℃,注塑时间2~10分钟,压力5~25MPa。本发明选用秸秆纤维为主要增强体,并加入麻纤维及碳纤维,有效地改善了聚乳酸的各类性能,避免了单一纤维改性的不稳定性和局限性,同时实现了秸秆的高效利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚乳酸复合材料及其制备方法,属于高分子材料技术领域。
背景技术
聚乳酸是一种常见的可完全生物降解的聚合物,其具有良好的生物相容性及加工性能。但是纯聚乳酸质硬,具有较低的冲击性能,韧性差,易弯曲变形,需要对其进行增强增韧等改性。
纤维增强能够明显的提高聚乳酸材料强度。公开号为CN 102085680 A的专利采用秸秆纤维增强聚乳酸材料,能够提高聚乳酸的强度性能。公开号为CN 107118528 A的专利申请采用黄麻纤维增强聚乳酸性能,纤维与PLA有良好的相容性和粘结性。然而单一纤维对于增强聚乳酸性能存在不稳定性和局限性,同时因麻类植物种植的地域局限性,其成本日益增高。此外,还有采用人造纤维制备聚乳酸复合材料的专利申请,可有效改善材料性能,但因其价格较贵,限制了其大规模生产应用。因此,亟需找到一种成本较低并能有效改善聚乳酸性能的复合方法。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术,本发明提供了一种聚乳酸复合材料及其制备方法。本发明选用价格低廉、来源广泛的秸秆纤维为主要增强体,并加入一定的麻纤维及碳纤维,经改性后以合理的比例混合,后制备聚乳酸复合材料。本发明以较低的生产成本制备出性能优异的聚乳酸复合材料,有效改善聚乳酸各类性能,避免了单一纤维改性的不稳定性和局限性,同时实现了秸秆的高效利用。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种聚乳酸复合材料,由以下重量百分数的原料制成:聚乳酸60~90%,改性纤维10~30%,热稳定剂0.2~10%,交联剂0.3~8%,加工助剂0.1~10%。
所述改性纤维,由改性秸秆纤维、改性麻纤维和改性碳纤维组成,三种纤维的质量比为: 60~80:15~30:5~10。
所述改性秸秆纤维、改性麻纤维是通过以下方法制备得到的:
a.秸秆纤维与麻纤维混合后用水洗净,常温下,在10%(质量百分数)氢氧化钠溶液中浸泡2~4小时,用蒸馏水洗涤若干次,调节PH至中性(用醋酸或硝酸调节),放入干燥箱中干燥3~10小时,干燥箱温度50~100℃;
b.上述经碱处理过的纤维,常温下,在1~5%(质量百分数)的硅烷水溶液中浸泡2~4小时,用蒸馏水洗涤若干次(比如3次),放入干燥箱中干燥3~10小时,干燥箱温度50~100℃
所述硅烷选自乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷。
所述改性碳纤维是通过以下方法制备得到的:将碳纤维在50%~60%的浓硝酸溶液中浸泡5~8小时,去离子水洗涤若干次,干燥箱中干燥3~10小时,干燥箱温度80~120℃。
所述热稳定剂选自环氧大豆油、丙三醇、亚磷酸三苯酯、酒石酸、肉桂酸、三醋酸甘油脂中的任意一种或任意两种以上的组合物。
所述交联剂选自季戊四醇、山梨醇、马来酸酐、山梨糖醇中的任意一种或任意两种以上的组合物。
所述加工助剂选自硬脂酸、金属皂、硬脂酸复合脂中的任意一种或任意两种以上的组合物。
所述聚乳酸复合材料的制备方法为:将聚乳酸、改性纤维、热稳定剂、交联剂、加工助剂混合均匀,直接注塑成型,注塑温度为150~200℃,注塑时间2~10分钟,压力5~25MPa,即得聚乳酸复合材料。
本发明的聚乳酸复合材料,具有以下优点:
(1)采用多种纤维改性后制备聚乳酸复合材料,弥补单一纤维增强聚乳酸材料性能上的不稳定性和局限性。
(2)以较低的成本制备相对性能最佳的聚乳酸复合材料。对秸秆纤维及麻纤维进行碱处理,溶解掉纤维表面的胶质,同时增大了纤维表面粗糙度,提高了界面结合力,从而使材料强度显著提高。硅烷处理后,纤维表面与PLA之间形成亲脂分子层,通过化学键与基体紧密结合,同时纤维分散均匀。改性后聚乳酸强度和耐热性明显提高。
(3)实现了秸秆的高效利用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
下述实施例中所涉及的仪器、试剂、材料等,若无特别说明,均为现有技术中已有的常规仪器、试剂、材料等,可通过正规商业途径获得。下述实施例中所涉及的实验方法,检测方法等,若无特别说明,均为现有技术中已有的常规实验方法,检测方法等。
下述实施例中,所用聚乳酸,其分子量为100000。所用秸秆纤维,为玉米秸秆纤维。所用麻纤维,为黄麻纤维。
实施例1:制备聚乳酸复合材料
原料用量配比关系为:聚乳酸75%,改性纤维18%(秸秆纤维12%,麻纤维5%,碳纤维1%),环氧大豆油2%,季戊四醇2%,硬脂酸3%。
其中,改性纤维是通过以下方法制备得到的:
(1)秸秆纤维与麻纤维改性:
a.秸秆纤维与麻纤维按比例混合后用水洗净,在10%的氢氧化钠溶液常温下浸泡3小时,之后用蒸馏水洗涤若干次,再用醋酸调pH至中性后,放入干燥箱中干燥8小时,干燥箱温度80℃。
b.将上述经过碱处理过的纤维,用4%的硅烷(乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷)水溶液常温浸泡3小时,蒸馏水清洗3次,放入干燥箱中干燥8小时,干燥箱温度80℃。
(2)碳纤维改性:碳纤维浸泡在60%的浓硝酸溶液中5小时,去离子水清洗若干次,于干燥箱中干燥7小时,干燥箱温度100℃。
聚乳酸复合材料的制备方法为:将聚乳酸、改性纤维、环氧大豆油、季戊四醇、硬脂酸混合均匀,注塑成型,注塑温度为180℃,注塑时间3分钟,压力20MPa,得聚乳酸复合材料。
实施例2:制备聚乳酸复合材料
原料用量配比关系为:聚乳酸70%,改性纤维23%(秸秆纤维15%,麻纤维6%,碳纤维2%),环氧大豆油2%,季戊四醇2%,硬脂酸3%。
其中,改性纤维是通过以下方法制备得到的:
(1)秸秆纤维与黄麻纤维改性:
a.秸秆纤维与麻纤维按比例混合后用水洗净,在10%的氢氧化钠溶液常温下浸泡3小时,之后用蒸馏水洗涤若干次,再用硝酸调pH至中性后,放入干燥箱中干燥8时,干燥箱温度80℃。
b.将上述经过碱处理过的纤维,用4%的硅烷(乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷)水溶液常温浸泡3小时,蒸馏水清洗3次,放入干燥箱中干燥8小时,干燥箱温度80℃。
(2)碳纤维改性:碳纤维浸泡在50%的浓硝酸溶液中8小时,去离子水清洗若干次,于干燥箱中干燥7小时,干燥箱温度100℃。
聚乳酸复合材料的制备方法为:将聚乳酸、改性纤维、环氧大豆油、季戊四醇、硬脂酸混合均匀,注塑成型,注塑温度为180℃,注塑时间3分钟,压力20MPa,得聚乳酸复合材料。
实施例3:制备聚乳酸复合材料
原料用量配比关系为:聚乳酸79%,改性纤维14%(秸秆纤维9%,麻纤维3%,碳纤维2%),环氧大豆油2%,季戊四醇2%,硬脂酸3%。
其中,改性纤维是通过以下方法制备得到的:
(1)秸秆纤维与黄麻纤维改性:
a.秸秆纤维与黄麻纤维按比例混合后用水洗净,在10%的氢氧化钠溶液常温下浸泡3小时,之后用蒸馏水洗涤若干次,再用硝酸调pH至中性后,放入干燥箱中干燥8时,干燥箱温度80℃。
b.将上述经过碱处理过的纤维,用4%的硅烷(乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷)水溶液常温浸泡3小时,蒸馏水清洗3次,放入干燥箱中干燥8小时,干燥箱温度80℃。
(2)碳纤维改性:碳纤维浸泡在50%的浓硝酸溶液中8小时,去离子水清洗若干次,于干燥箱中干燥7小时,干燥箱温度100℃。
聚乳酸复合材料的制备方法为:将聚乳酸、改性纤维、环氧大豆油、季戊四醇、硬脂酸混合均匀,注塑成型,注塑温度为180℃,注塑时间3分钟,压力20MPa,得聚乳酸复合材料。
实施例4:制备聚乳酸复合材料
原料用量配比关系为:聚乳酸68%,改性纤维21%(秸秆纤维14%,麻纤维5%,碳纤维2%),环氧大豆油4%,季戊四醇3%,硬脂酸4%。
其中,改性纤维是通过以下方法制备得到的:
(1)秸秆纤维与黄麻纤维改性:
a.秸秆纤维与黄麻纤维按比例混合后用水洗净,在10%的氢氧化钠溶液常温下浸泡3小时,之后用蒸馏水洗涤若干次,再用硝酸调pH至中性后,放入干燥箱中干燥8时,干燥箱温度80℃。
b.将上述经过碱处理过的纤维,用4%的硅烷(乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷)水溶液常温浸泡3小时,蒸馏水清洗3次,放入干燥箱中干燥8小时,干燥箱温度80℃。
(2)碳纤维改性:碳纤维浸泡在50%的浓硝酸溶液中8小时,去离子水清洗若干次,于干燥箱中干燥7小时,干燥箱温度100℃。
聚乳酸复合材料的制备方法为:将聚乳酸、改性纤维、环氧大豆油、季戊四醇、硬脂酸混合均匀,注塑成型,注塑温度为180℃,注塑时间3分钟,压力20MPa,得聚乳酸复合材料。
实施例5:制备聚乳酸复合材料
原料用量配比关系为:聚乳酸68%,改性纤维23%(秸秆纤维15%,麻纤维6%,碳纤维2%),环氧大豆油3%,季戊四醇3%,硬脂酸3%。
其中,改性纤维是通过以下方法制备得到的:
(1)秸秆纤维与黄麻纤维改性:
a.秸秆纤维与黄麻纤维按比例混合后用水洗净,在10%的氢氧化钠溶液常温下浸泡3小时,之后用蒸馏水洗涤若干次,再用硝酸调pH至中性后,放入干燥箱中干燥8时,干燥箱温度80℃。
b.将上述经过碱处理过的纤维,用4%的硅烷(乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷)水溶液常温浸泡3小时,蒸馏水清洗3次,放入干燥箱中干燥8小时,干燥箱温度80℃。
(2)碳纤维改性:碳纤维浸泡在50%的浓硝酸溶液中8小时,去离子水清洗若干次,于干燥箱中干燥7小时,干燥箱温度100℃。
聚乳酸复合材料的制备方法为:将聚乳酸、改性纤维、环氧大豆油、季戊四醇、硬脂酸混合均匀,注塑成型,注塑温度为180℃,注塑时间3分钟,压力20MPa,得聚乳酸复合材料。
对比例1:制备纯聚乳酸材料
将聚乳酸注塑成型,注塑温度为180℃,注塑时间3分钟,压力20MPa,得聚乳酸材料。
对比例2:制备单一纤维增强聚乳酸材料
原料用量配比关系为:聚乳酸70%,改性麻纤维23%,环氧大豆油2%,季戊四醇2%,硬脂酸3%。
所述改性麻纤维是通过以下方法制备得到的:麻纤维用水洗净后,在10%的氢氧化钠溶液中常温浸泡3小时,之后用蒸馏水洗涤3次,醋酸调pH至中性后,放入100℃干燥箱中干燥5小时。再用4%的硅烷(乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷)水溶液常温浸泡3小时,蒸馏水清洗3次,放入100℃干燥箱中干燥8小时。
单一纤维增强聚乳酸材料的制备方法为:将聚乳酸、改性麻纤维、环氧大豆油、季戊四醇、硬脂酸混合均匀,注塑成型,注塑温度为180℃,注塑时间3分钟,压力20MPa,得单一纤维增强聚乳酸材料。
比较上述实施例1、2、3、4、5对比例1、2所得材料的弯曲强度、冲击强度,如表1所示。
表1
由表1可见,本发明制备的复合材料,其性能(弯曲强度、冲击强度)明显优于纯聚乳酸材料、单一纤维增强聚乳酸材料,得到了明显的提高。
Claims (7)
1.一种聚乳酸复合材料,其特征在于:由以下重量百分数的原料制成:聚乳酸60~90%,改性纤维10~30%,热稳定剂0.2~10%,交联剂0.3~8%,加工助剂0.1~10%;
所述改性纤维,由改性秸秆纤维、改性麻纤维和改性碳纤维组成,三种纤维的质量比为:改性秸秆纤维60~80:15~30:5~10;
所述热稳定剂选自环氧大豆油、丙三醇、亚磷酸三苯酯、酒石酸、肉桂酸、三醋酸甘油脂中的任意一种或任意两种以上的组合物;
所述交联剂选自季戊四醇、山梨醇、马来酸酐、山梨糖醇中的任意一种或任意两种以上的组合物;
所述加工助剂选自硬脂酸、金属皂、硬脂酸复合脂中的任意一种或任意两种以上的组合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚乳酸复合材料,其特征在于:所述改性秸秆纤维、改性麻纤维和改性碳纤维的质量比为:60~80:15~30:5~10。
3.根据权利要求1所述的聚乳酸复合材料,其特征在于:所述改性秸秆纤维、改性麻纤维是通过以下方法制备得到的:
a.秸秆纤维与麻纤维混合后用水洗净,常温下,在氢氧化钠溶液中浸泡2~4小时,用水洗涤若干次,调节pH至中性,放入干燥箱中干燥3~10小时,干燥箱温度50~100℃;
b.上述经碱处理过的纤维,常温下,在1~5%的硅烷水溶液中浸泡2~4小时,用水洗涤若干次,放入干燥箱中干燥3~10小时,干燥箱温度50~100℃;
所述硅烷选自乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷。
4.根据权利要求1所述的聚乳酸复合材料,其特征在于:所述改性碳纤维是通过以下方法制备得到的:将碳纤维在50%~60%的浓硝酸溶液中浸泡5~8小时,水洗涤若干次,干燥箱中干燥3~10小时,干燥箱温度80~120℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的聚乳酸复合材料,其特征在于:由以下重量百分数的原料制成:聚乳酸75%,秸秆纤维12%,麻纤维5%,碳纤维1%,环氧大豆油2%,季戊四醇2%,硬脂酸3%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的聚乳酸复合材料,其特征在于:由以下重量百分数的原料制成:聚乳酸70%,秸秆纤维15%,麻纤维6%,碳纤维2%,环氧大豆油2%,季戊四醇2%,硬脂酸3%。
7.权利要求1~6中任一项所述的聚乳酸复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:将聚乳酸、改性纤维、热稳定剂、交联剂、加工助剂混合均匀,直接注塑成型,注塑温度为150~200℃,注塑时间2~10分钟,压力5~25MPa,即得聚乳酸复合材料。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201711340222.8A CN107955352A (zh) | 2017-12-14 | 2017-12-14 | 一种聚乳酸复合材料及其制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201711340222.8A CN107955352A (zh) | 2017-12-14 | 2017-12-14 | 一种聚乳酸复合材料及其制备方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN107955352A true CN107955352A (zh) | 2018-04-24 |
Family
ID=61958924
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201711340222.8A Pending CN107955352A (zh) | 2017-12-14 | 2017-12-14 | 一种聚乳酸复合材料及其制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN107955352A (zh) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108728923A (zh) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-11-02 | 新沂市中诺新材料科技有限公司 | 一种新型再生纤维的制备方法 |
CN110541300A (zh) * | 2018-05-28 | 2019-12-06 | 句容市华冠服帽厂 | 一种pla改性纤维的制备方法及改性纤维 |
CN111234487A (zh) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-06-05 | 温州三星环保包装有限公司 | 基于可降解复合包装材料的一次性餐盒 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101538401A (zh) * | 2009-03-13 | 2009-09-23 | 上海大学 | 耐热型二元纤维/聚乳酸基复合材料及其制备方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-12-14 CN CN201711340222.8A patent/CN107955352A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101538401A (zh) * | 2009-03-13 | 2009-09-23 | 上海大学 | 耐热型二元纤维/聚乳酸基复合材料及其制备方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
郑学晶等: "《天然高分子材料》", 31 December 2010, 化学工业出版社 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110541300A (zh) * | 2018-05-28 | 2019-12-06 | 句容市华冠服帽厂 | 一种pla改性纤维的制备方法及改性纤维 |
CN108728923A (zh) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-11-02 | 新沂市中诺新材料科技有限公司 | 一种新型再生纤维的制备方法 |
CN111234487A (zh) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-06-05 | 温州三星环保包装有限公司 | 基于可降解复合包装材料的一次性餐盒 |
CN111234487B (zh) * | 2020-03-05 | 2022-02-25 | 温州三星环保包装有限公司 | 基于可降解复合包装材料的一次性餐盒 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Eng et al. | Impact strength and flexural properties enhancement of methacrylate silane treated oil palm mesocarp fiber reinforced biodegradable hybrid composites | |
CN107955352A (zh) | 一种聚乳酸复合材料及其制备方法 | |
Islam et al. | Characterization of Laccase-Treated Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Recycled Polypropylene Composites. | |
Kumar et al. | Synthesis and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals/PVA based bionanocomposite | |
CN107033564B (zh) | 经表面改性后的竹纤维长纤和聚乳酸共混复合材料的制备方法 | |
JP2016532020A (ja) | 表面修飾セルロースナノ繊維、バイオ複合樹脂組成物およびその製造方法 | |
US11524921B2 (en) | Composite materials containing hemp and nanocellulose | |
CN104514041A (zh) | 一种可降解纤维及其制备方法 | |
CN105885112A (zh) | 一种环保塑料袋 | |
CN1665889A (zh) | 具有经提高的耐水性的生物降解性组合物及其制作工艺 | |
Gieparda et al. | Chemical modification of natural fibres to epoxy laminate for lightweight constructions | |
CN106009065A (zh) | 一种降解后直接增加土壤活力的塑料袋 | |
CN104562694A (zh) | 一种超低收缩拒水聚酯工业丝及其制备方法 | |
JP2015052052A (ja) | 成形材料用樹脂組成物の製造方法およびその成形体 | |
CN107602835A (zh) | 一种采用高分子扩链改性制备高粘度pbt的方法 | |
CN108456401B (zh) | 一种管道复合材料及其制备方法 | |
CN105544181B (zh) | 一种亲水防缩双面呢 | |
CN112724612A (zh) | 一种异质型木质素/聚乳酸复合材料的制备方法 | |
CN105754264A (zh) | 一种高强度耐拉伸渔网 | |
CN105133056A (zh) | 一种隔音保暖性好的新型复合纤维纺织材料 | |
Bhaskaran et al. | Natural fibre reinforced vegetable-oil based polyurethane composites: A review | |
CN107476051A (zh) | 剑麻纤维聚乙烯纤维复合材料制备钓鱼线的方法 | |
CN106589747A (zh) | 一种洗衣机内筒用耐磨抗振聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法 | |
CN105586676A (zh) | 一种木棉和聚乳酸的混合纺纱工艺 | |
Seo et al. | Preparation and Characterization of Electrospun Composite Nanofibers from Poly (vinyl alcohol)/Lignocellulose Nanofibrils with Different Chemical Compositions |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20180424 |
|
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |