CN107954704A - 一种瓷绝缘子及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种瓷绝缘子及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107954704A CN107954704A CN201711332845.0A CN201711332845A CN107954704A CN 107954704 A CN107954704 A CN 107954704A CN 201711332845 A CN201711332845 A CN 201711332845A CN 107954704 A CN107954704 A CN 107954704A
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- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003701 mechanical milling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002742 anti-folding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000790917 Dioxys <bee> Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910003978 SiClx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003913 materials processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004630 mental health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种瓷绝缘子及其制备方法，属于瓷绝缘子领域，所述瓷绝缘子主要包括如下质量份数的原料：二氧化硅40～60份、氧化铝10～15份、蛋白土8～10份、碳酸镁8～10份、高岭石5～8份、氧化钠5～8份、氧化钾5～8份、硅藻土5～8份、氧化铋3～5份、氧化锆3～5份、氧化铈3～5份、碳酸锂1～3份、碳酸钡1～3份、二氧化钛0.5～1份，所述蛋白土、所述硅藻土的堆密度均为0.36～0.55g/cm3。本发明公开的瓷绝缘子及其制备方法，外观检查合格率提升23％、抗弯强度至少可提升130KN/cm2，抗折强度至少可提升22KN/cm2，电击穿强度至少增加8.88KV/mm。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及瓷绝缘子领域，更具体的，涉及一种瓷绝缘子及其制备方法。
背景技术
电瓷坯料是指黏土原料和熔剂性原料及其他矿物原料按一定比例组成的额混合物，经磨细和混合成为可供制坯用泥料，在确定各种原料的比例时必须保证坯料能满足瓷绝缘子生产过程所要求的工艺性能和烧成后瓷质的物理性能要求。
电瓷在电场下的长期老化问题较为严重，主要关键是瓷材料；现有技术制造出的电瓷绝缘子，由于配方的缺陷，生产出的产品极易膨胀、开裂，抗弯强度、抗折强度以及电击穿强度均不强，而且重要的是，这些产品的膨胀和开裂容易造成安全隐患，不但损害了社会的公共财产，还对人们的身心健康造成极大的威胁。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺陷，本发明制备出了一种防膨胀、开裂，抗弯强度强、抗折强度强以及电击穿强度优异的瓷绝缘子。
为达此目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
本发明提供的瓷绝缘子，所述瓷绝缘子主要包括如下质量份数的原料粉末：二氧化硅40～60份、氧化铝10～15份、蛋白土8～10份、碳酸镁8～10份、高岭石5～8份、氧化钠5～8份、氧化钾5～8份、硅藻土5～8份、氧化铋3～5份、氧化锆3～5份、氧化铈3～5份、碳酸锂1～3份、碳酸钡1～3份、二氧化钛0.5～1份，所述蛋白土、所述硅藻土的堆密度均为0.36～0.55g/cm3。
在本发明较佳的技术方案中，瓷绝缘子的制备方法，按照如下步骤进行：
配料：分别称取各相应质量份数的原料粉末，初步混合，得混合粉末；
球磨：将所述混合粉末置于行星式球磨机中进行湿法球磨，球磨时间8～12h，球磨过程中分次添加分散剂，得球磨粉末；
烘干：将所述球磨粉末置于干燥机中进行干燥，得干燥粉末；
研磨过筛：将所述干燥粉末置于研磨机中，向其中加入所述混合粉末总质量2％～3％的去离子水后进行研磨，过150目筛，得过筛浆料；
干压静置：将所述过筛浆料置于模具中干压，压制成型后将干压样品置于刚玉板上静置5～10h，得静置样品；
预烧：将所述静置样品置于电阻炉中进行预烧，预烧最高温度为600℃，得预烧样品；
粉碎：将所述预烧样品置于氢碎机中进行粉碎，得粉碎样品；
二次处理：将所述粉碎样品置于球磨机中进行二次球磨，过100目筛，烘干，得二次处理样品；
造粒：将所述二次处理样品置于造粒机中，并向其中加入粘结剂进行造粒，得造粒样品；
排粘：将所述造粒样品静置20～30h后置于模具中进行压制，将压制好的样品置于温控电阻炉中烧制排粘，排粘初始温度为室温，最高温度600℃，升温速率1℃/min，保温5～8h，得排粘样品；
烧制：将所述排粘样品按照6～8℃/min的升温速率升温至1000～1200℃,保温5～8h，然后在空气的氛围下随炉冷却至80℃以下，得瓷绝缘子初产品。
在本发明较佳的技术方案中，在所述球磨步骤中，磨球采用氧化锆球。
在本发明较佳的技术方案中，在所述球磨步骤中，所述分散剂为无水甲醇或者无水乙醇。
在本发明较佳的技术方案中，在所述球磨步骤中，所述分散剂添加总量为所述混合粉末的15％～25％。
在本发明较佳的技术方案中，在所述球磨步骤中，所述分次添加分散剂的添加时间为：首次在球磨开始之前添加；再次添加在球磨开始以3～5h/次的频率添加。
在本发明较佳的技术方案中，在所述烘干步骤中，所述烘干条件为：温度70～80℃，烘干时间5～8h。
在本发明较佳的技术方案中，在所述干压静置步骤中，所述干压的成型压力20～30MPa，保压5～10min。
在本发明较佳的技术方案中，在所述造粒步骤中，所述粘结剂为聚乙二醇。
在本发明较佳的技术方案中，在所述排粘步骤中，所述压制的成型压力30～50MPa，保压10～20min。
本发明的有益效果为：
本发明提供的瓷绝缘子及其制备方法，韧性高、机械性能好、成品率高，具体体现在相对于对比实施例，外观检查合格率提升23％、抗弯强度至少可提升130KN/cm2，抗折强度至少可提升22KN/cm2，电击穿强度至少增加8.88KV/mm。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
实施例1
本实施例瓷绝缘子主要包括如下质量份数的原料粉末：二氧化硅40份、氧化铝10份、蛋白土8份、碳酸镁8份、高岭石5份、氧化钠5份、氧化钾5份、硅藻土5份、氧化铋3份、氧化锆3份、氧化铈5份、碳酸锂3份、碳酸钡1份、二氧化钛1份，所述蛋白土的堆密度为0.36g/cm3、所述硅藻土的堆密度为0.55g/cm3。
实施例2
本实施例瓷绝缘子主要包括如下质量份数的原料粉末：二氧化硅50份、氧化铝12份、蛋白土9份、碳酸镁9份、高岭石6份、氧化钠6份、氧化钾6份、硅藻土6份、氧化铋4份、氧化锆4份、氧化铈4份、碳酸锂2份、碳酸钡2份、二氧化钛0.7份，所述蛋白土的堆密度为0.50g/cm3、所述硅藻土的堆密度为0.52g/cm3。
实施例3
本实施例瓷绝缘子主要包括如下质量份数的原料粉末：二氧化硅60份、氧化铝15份、蛋白土10份、碳酸镁10份、高岭石8份、氧化钠8份、氧化钾8份、硅藻土8份、氧化铋5份、氧化锆5份、氧化铈3份、碳酸锂1份、碳酸钡3份、二氧化钛0.5份，所述蛋白土的堆密度为0.55g/cm3、所述硅藻土的堆密度为0.36g/cm3。
实施例4
分别取实施例1至实施例3中瓷绝缘子原料按照如下的制备方法进行制备，得产品1、产品2和产品3，具体制备按照如下步骤进行：
配料：分别称取各相应质量份数的原料粉末，初步混合30min，得混合粉末；
球磨：将所述混合粉末置于行星式球磨机中进行湿法球磨，磨球采用氧化锆球，球磨时间8h，球磨过程中分三次添加分散剂，所述分散剂为无水甲醇，所述分散剂添加总量为所述混合粉末的15％，所述分次添加分散剂的添加时间为：首次在球磨开始之前添加，再次添加在球磨开始3h和6h的添加，3次添加量均相等，得球磨粉末；
烘干：将所述球磨粉末置于干燥机中进行干燥，所述烘干条件为：温度70℃，烘干时间5h，得干燥粉末；
研磨过筛：将所述干燥粉末置于研磨机中，向其中加入所述混合粉末总质量2％的去离子水后进行研磨，过150目筛，得过筛浆料；
干压静置：将所述过筛浆料置于模具中干压，所述干压的成型压力20MPa，保压5min，压制成型后将干压样品置于刚玉板上静置5h，得静置样品；
预烧：将所述静置样品置于电阻炉中进行预烧，预烧初始温度为室温，最高温度为600℃，得预烧样品；预烧的主要目的是合成生产所需的主品相，为后续的成型和烧结做准备；
粉碎：将所述预烧样品置于氢碎机中进行粉碎，得粉碎样品；
二次处理：将所述粉碎样品置于球磨机中进行二次球磨，球磨5h，过100目筛，烘干，烘干温度70℃，烘干时间3h，得二次处理样品；
造粒：将所述二次处理样品置于造粒机中，并向其中加入粘结剂聚乙二醇进行造粒，得造粒样品；由于粉料颗粒非常细小，表面活性大，表面往往会吸附大量气体，造成粉料的堆积密度较小，加压成型时，坯体中不可避免的存在来不及排除的气体，导致坯体缺陷，难以压制成致密坯体，加入粘结剂使其形成团粒即可解决这些问题。
排粘：将所述造粒样品静置20h后置于模具中进行压制，所述压制的成型压力30MPa，保压10min，将压制好的样品置于温控电阻炉中烧制排粘，排粘初始温度为室温，最高温度600℃，升温速率1℃/min，保温5h，得排粘样品；烧结前进行排粘的目的是防止粘结剂快速排出造成坯体气孔缺陷和应力分布不均。
烧制：将所述排粘样品按照6℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,保温5h，然后在空气的氛围下随炉冷却至80℃以下，得瓷绝缘子初产品。
实施例5
分别取实施例1至实施例3中瓷绝缘子原料按照如下的制备方法进行制备，得产品4、产品5和产品6，具体制备按照如下步骤进行：
配料：分别称取各相应质量份数的原料粉末，初步混合30min，得混合粉末；
球磨：将所述混合粉末置于行星式球磨机中进行湿法球磨，磨球采用氧化锆球，球磨时间12h，球磨过程中分次添加分散剂，所述分散剂为无水甲醇或者无水乙醇，所述分散剂添加总量为所述混合粉末的25％，所述分次添加分散剂的添加时间为：首次在球磨开始之前添加，添加量为总分散剂的二分之一；再次添加在球磨开始5h和10h时添加，5h时添加量为剩下的分散剂的三分之二，10h时添加最后剩余的三分之一，得球磨粉末；
烘干：将所述球磨粉末置于干燥机中进行干燥，所述烘干条件为：温度80℃，烘干时间8h，得干燥粉末；
研磨过筛：将所述干燥粉末置于研磨机中，向其中加入所述混合粉末总质量3％的去离子水后进行研磨，过150目筛，得过筛浆料；
干压静置：将所述过筛浆料置于模具中干压，所述干压的成型压力30MPa，保压10min，压制成型后将干压样品置于刚玉板上静置10h，得静置样品；
预烧：将所述静置样品置于电阻炉中进行预烧，预烧最高温度为600℃，得预烧样品；
粉碎：将所述预烧样品置于氢碎机中进行粉碎，得粉碎样品；
二次处理：将所述粉碎样品置于球磨机中进行二次球磨，过100目筛，烘干，得二次处理样品；
造粒：将所述二次处理样品置于造粒机中，并向其中加入粘结剂聚乙二醇进行造粒，得造粒样品；
排粘：将所述造粒样品静置30h后置于模具中进行压制，所述压制的成型压力50MPa，保压20min，将压制好的样品置于温控电阻炉中烧制排粘，排粘初始温度为室温，最高温度600℃，升温速率1℃/min，保温8h，得排粘样品；
烧制：将所述排粘样品按照8℃/min的升温速率升温至1200℃,保温8h，然后在空气的氛围下随炉冷却至80℃以下，得瓷绝缘子初产品。
对比实施例1
实施例中提供的所述瓷绝缘子主要包括如下质量份数的原料粉末：二氧化硅42份、氧化铝40份、氧化钠10份、碳酸镁5份、氧化钾5份。其制备方法与实施例1中完全相同。
对比实施例2
本实施例中的原料与实施例1中的原料相同，具体制备按照如下步骤进行：
配料：分别称取各相应质量份数的原料粉末，初步混合30min，得混合粉末；
球磨：将所述混合粉末置于行星式球磨机中进行湿法球磨，磨球采用氧化锆球，球磨时间8h，球磨过程中分次添加分散剂，所述分散剂为无水甲醇或者无水乙醇，所述分散剂添加总量为所述混合粉末的15％，所述分次添加分散剂的添加时间为：首次在球磨开始之前添加，添加量为总分散剂的三分之一；再次添加在球磨开始以3h/次的频率添加，得球磨粉末；
烘干：将所述球磨粉末置于干燥机中进行干燥，所述烘干条件为：温度70℃，烘干时间5h，得干燥粉末；
研磨过筛：将所述干燥粉末置于研磨机中，向其中加入所述混合粉末总质量2％的去离子水后进行研磨，过150目筛，得过筛浆料；
预烧：将所述过筛浆料置于电阻炉中进行预烧，预烧最高温度为1200℃，得预烧样品；
粉碎：将所述预烧样品置于氢碎机中进行粉碎，得粉碎样品；
挤压成型：将所述粉碎样品置于挤出机中进行挤压成型，得成型样品；
烧制：将所述成型样品按照6℃/min的升温速率升温至1450℃,然后在空气的氛围下随炉冷却至80℃以下，得瓷绝缘子初产品。
各实施例中的原料如需进行除铁与除杂，在原料进行配料之前均进行淘洗法或者化学除铁法等常规方法进行去除。
取产品1至产品6，以及对比实施例1和2制成的相同规格的成品瓷绝缘子，任意挑选每种成品20个进行外观检查、抗弯强度、抗折强度以及电击穿强度等性能测试并记录其平均数据。其中外观检查观察产品表面是否平整、是否有裂痕等；抗弯强度、抗折强度以及电击穿强度均相同外界环境下进行，检查其在一定时间内的是否被破坏，具体数据如下表：
注：以上外观测试采用感官检测，抗弯强度与抗折强度的测试方法采用GB/T1408.1-2016，电击穿强度的测试方法采用GB/T 8411.2-2016进行测试。
从表中可以看出，利用本发明中的制备方法制备出来的瓷绝缘子相对于对比实施例1和对比实施例2有更优异的性能，其中外观检查合格率提升23％、抗弯强度至少可提升130KN/cm2，抗折强度至少可提升22KN/cm2，电击穿强度至少增加8.88KV/mm。
本发明是通过优选实施例进行描述的，本领域技术人员知悉，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以对这些特征和实施例进行各种改变或等效替换。本发明不受此处所公开的具体实施例的限制，其他落入本申请的权利要求内的实施例都属于本发明保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种瓷绝缘子，其特征在于，包括如下质量份数的原料粉末：二氧化硅40～60份、氧化铝10～15份、蛋白土8～10份、碳酸镁8～10份、高岭石5～8份、氧化钠5～8份、氧化钾5～8份、硅藻土5～8份、氧化铋3～5份、氧化锆3～5份、氧化铈3～5份、碳酸锂1～3份、碳酸钡1～3份、二氧化钛0.5～1份，所述蛋白土、所述硅藻土的堆密度均为0.36～0.55g/cm3。
2.一种用于权利要求1所述的瓷绝缘子的制备方法，其特征在于，按照如下步骤进行：
配料：分别称取各相应质量份数的原料粉末，初步混合，得混合粉末；
球磨：将所述混合粉末置于行星式球磨机中进行湿法球磨，球磨时间8～12h，球磨过程中分次添加分散剂，得球磨粉末；
烘干：将所述球磨粉末置于干燥机中进行干燥，得干燥粉末；
研磨过筛：将所述干燥粉末置于研磨机中，向其中加入所述混合粉末总质量2％～3％的去离子水后进行研磨，过150目筛，得过筛浆料；
干压静置：将所述过筛浆料置于模具中干压，压制成型后将干压样品置于刚玉板上静置5～10h，得静置样品；
预烧：将所述静置样品置于电阻炉中进行预烧，预烧最高温度为600℃，得预烧样品；
粉碎：将所述预烧样品置于氢碎机中进行粉碎，得粉碎样品；
二次处理：将所述粉碎样品置于球磨机中进行二次球磨，过100目筛，烘干，得二次处理样品；
造粒：将所述二次处理样品置于造粒机中，并向其中加入粘结剂进行造粒，得造粒样品；
排粘：将所述造粒样品静置20～30h后置于模具中进行压制，将压制好的样品置于温控电阻炉中烧制排粘，排粘初始温度为室温，最高温度600℃，升温速率1℃/min，保温5～8h，得排粘样品；
烧制：将所述排粘样品按照6～8℃/min的升温速率升温至1000～1200℃,保温5～8h，然后在空气的氛围下随炉冷却至80℃以下，得瓷绝缘子。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在所述球磨步骤中，磨球采用氧化锆球。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述球磨步骤中，所述分散剂为无水甲醇或者无水乙醇。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述球磨步骤中，所述分散剂添加总量为所述混合粉末的15％～25％。
6.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述球磨步骤中，所述分次添加分散剂的添加时间为：首次在球磨开始之前添加；再次添加在球磨开始以3～5h/次的频率添加。
7.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在所述烘干步骤中，所述烘干条件为：温度70～80℃，烘干时间5～8h。
8.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在所述干压静置步骤中，所述干压的成型压力20～30MPa，保压5～10min。
9.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在所述造粒步骤中，所述粘结剂为聚乙二醇。
10.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在所述排粘步骤中，所述压制的成型压力30～50MPa，保压10～20min。
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| CN109616265A (zh) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-12 | 嘉善步莱特新材料科技有限公司 | 一种抗静电聚四氟乙烯绝缘子及其制作方法 |
| CN110467442A (zh) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-11-19 | 江西萍瓷实业有限公司 | 一种高强度瓷绝缘子及其制备方法 |
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| CN115974534A (zh) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-04-18 | 江西省萍乡市华东出口电瓷有限公司 | 一种氧化铝材质圆柱头结构的悬式瓷绝缘子 |
| CN115974534B (zh) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-09-08 | 江西省萍乡市华东出口电瓷有限公司 | 一种氧化铝材质圆柱头结构的悬式瓷绝缘子 |
| CN116639960A (zh) * | 2023-06-19 | 2023-08-25 | 萍乡市锦宏瓷业有限公司 | 一种高强度瓷绝缘子的制备方法 |
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