CN107947278A - A kind of battery pack active voltage balancing circuit and its control method - Google Patents
A kind of battery pack active voltage balancing circuit and its control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107947278A CN107947278A CN201711293605.4A CN201711293605A CN107947278A CN 107947278 A CN107947278 A CN 107947278A CN 201711293605 A CN201711293605 A CN 201711293605A CN 107947278 A CN107947278 A CN 107947278A
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- bridge
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- battery pack
- bridge cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of battery pack active voltage balancing circuit, and the battery pack includes the battery module of n sequential series；The voltage balance circuit includes 1 flying capcitor of n half-bridge cells and n, wherein, n half-bridge cells correspond to the both ends for being connected in parallel on n battery module respectively, wherein, each half-bridge cells include switch on the bridge pipe and bridge switch pipe；The connection relation of described 1 flying capcitor of n and half-bridge cells is：The both ends of each flying capcitor connect between two, the midpoint switching tube of two neighboring half-bridge cells respectively.Such a circuit can realize electric voltage equalization between battery, have the characteristics that high accuracy, high-speed.Invention additionally discloses a kind of control method of battery pack active voltage balancing circuit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of battery pack active voltage balancing circuit and its control method.
Background technology
Battery system in large scale equipment (such as Medical Devices, electric automobile, military and national defense equipment) is a series of batteries
Unit, is made up of series, parallel.Since there are the difference in manufacturing process, inside battery dead resistance between each battery
(ESR) difference is understood.When battery units in parallel, cell voltage will not be caused uneven, and when battery cells in series works
When, due to ESR and the difference of capacitance, the voltage at battery unit both ends can be caused unbalanced, the relatively low unit of voltage can shorten electricity
Pond service life, accelerated ageing, and then cause damage, influence system reliability.
Had both most basic battery voltage balanced strategy in the management system (BMS) of current battery, i.e., by detecting,
Excess voltage on the battery module of high voltage in battery system is consumed by modes such as resistance.Although such a method can
To realize battery voltage balanced, but without full utilization battery maximum capacity, while also bring along extra thermal losses.By having
The battery unit of electric charge transfer unnecessary in battery module to less electric charge is a kind of more efficiently mode by source control strategy.
Present prior art realizes this function by using two-way DC converter (such as flyback converter).The limitation of technique
Property is：The euqalizing current less than 10A can only be generally handled, and generally requires and carries out the equal of electric charge again after battery charges electricity
Weighing apparatus.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention, is to provide a kind of battery pack active voltage balancing circuit and its control method, it can be improved
Voltage accuracy, realizes the dynamic regulation cell voltage in charging process, improves balancing speed, has high accuracy, the spy of high-speed
Point.
In order to achieve the above objectives, solution of the invention is：
A kind of battery pack active voltage balancing circuit, the battery pack include the battery module of n sequential series；It is described
Voltage balance circuit includes n half-bridge cells and n-1 flying capcitor, wherein, n half-bridge cells are corresponding respectively to be connected in parallel on n
The both ends of battery module, wherein, each half-bridge cells include switch on the bridge pipe and bridge switch pipe；The n-1 flying capcitor
Connection relation with half-bridge cells is：The both ends of each flying capcitor connect two, the midpoint switch of two neighboring half-bridge cells respectively
Between pipe.
Above-mentioned battery module is single battery, or the battery strings being in series by several batteries.
Above-mentioned voltage balance circuit further includes n basic capacitance, and correspondence is connected in parallel on n battery mould to n basic capacitance respectively
The both ends of block.
Above-mentioned basis capacitance is extraneous capacitance or battery module self capacity.
The Shang Qiao of above-mentioned half-bridge cells and lower bridge use silicon switching tube, gallium nitride or silicon carbide switches pipe.
Above-mentioned voltage balance circuit further includes unit equilibrium capacitance, and the both ends of the unit equilibrium capacitance, which are connected in parallel on, to be in series
At least two battery modules both ends.
Above-mentioned battery pack includes the battery module of 4i sequential series, voltage balance circuit include 4i half-bridge cells with
4i-1 flying capcitor, wherein, 4i half-bridge cells correspond to the both ends for being connected in parallel on 4i battery module respectively, wherein, each half-bridge
Unit includes switch on the bridge pipe and bridge switch pipe；The both ends of 4i-1 flying capcitor connect two neighboring half-bridge cells respectively
Midpoint；The voltage balance circuit further includes a Homogeneity between groups capacitance, one end connection the 1st to 2i of Homogeneity between groups capacitance
The midpoint of a half-bridge cells, the other end of Homogeneity between groups capacitance connect 2i+1 to the midpoint of the 4i half-bridge cells.
Foregoing a kind of control method of battery pack active voltage balancing circuit, to the upper bridge in n half-bridge cells
It is controlled with the on off state of lower bridge, is specifically the switch on the bridge state in all half-bridge cells so as to fulfill electric voltage equalization
Identical, the bridge switch state in all half-bridge cells is identical, and the on off state of Shang Qiao and lower bridge are complementary.
After using the above scheme, the present invention by using the voltage divider based on switching capacity, it can be achieved that：Under high current
Equalizing charge, dynamic equalization (can be carried out at the same time with charging), modularized design improve integrated level, expansibleization design, can work
Make under high current environment.One group of voltage divider is the partial pressure realized between two batteries, and expands to three batteries and can use
Two component depressors are realized.And so on, the partial pressure between N number of battery can be realized by the divider of N-1.Due to divider volume very
It is small, it can be achieved that height it is integrated.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit structure diagram of half-bridge cells in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the circuit structure diagram of two battery series connection of first embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the switching sequence schematic diagram of each switching tube in Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is by two series-connected cells, and voltage is respectively 14V and 10V, and by circuit shown in Fig. 2, equilibrium is the imitative of 12V
True design sketch；
Fig. 5 is the circuit structure diagram of three battery series connection of second embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 6 is the circuit structure diagram of four battery series connection of third embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 7 is four battery series connection of fourth embodiment of the invention and is connected with the circuit structure diagram of balanced capacitance；
Fig. 8 is the topological diagram of two battery module series connection in the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the topological diagram of four battery module series connection in the present invention；
Figure 10 is the topological diagram of five battery module series connection in the present invention；
Figure 11 is multi-stag voltage balance circuit topological diagram.
Embodiment
Below with reference to attached drawing, technical scheme and beneficial effect are described in detail.
The present invention provides a kind of battery pack active voltage balancing circuit, and the battery pack includes the electricity of some sequential series
Pond BATT1-BATTn, the voltage balance circuit include n basic capacitance, n half-bridge cells (as shown in Figure 1) and n-1 it is a across
Capacitance is connect, wherein, n basic capacitance is connected in parallel on corresponding n battery both ends respectively, and the basis capacitance can be external electricity
Appearance or battery self capacity；N half-bridge cells are in parallel with n basic capacitance respectively, wherein, each half-bridge cells are equal
Including two switching tubes being serially connected, respectively as Shang Qiao and lower bridge, in same circuit structure, the model phase of the switching tube
Together, silicon switching tube or silicon carbide switches pipe, such as MOSFET can be used；The company of the n-1 flying capcitor and half-bridge cells
The relation of connecing is：The both ends of each flying capcitor connect between two switching tubes of two neighboring half-bridge cells (half-bridge cells respectively
Midpoint), that is to say, that one end of i-th of flying capcitor is connected in i-th of half-bridge cells between two switching tubes, and the other end connects
Connect in i+1 half-bridge cells between two switching tubes, i=1,2 ..., n-1.
Equalizing circuit provided by the invention, its elementary cell are regarded as shown in Figure 1 comprising flying capcitor and two
Half-bridge cells, wherein, flying capcitor can between adjacent sets flying capcitor between flying capcitor, or adjacent cell；Circuit design
Aim at realize at a high speed, the functions reliably and efficiently switch of rate under high current.It should be noted that battery therein can be with
It is battery single in traditional sense or the battery strings connected and formed by multiple batteries.
Based on above circuit structure, the present invention also provides a kind of control method of battery voltage equalizing circuit, to n half
The on off state of each switching tube in bridge unit is controlled, and is specifically in all half-bridge cells so as to fulfill electric voltage equalization
Switch on the bridge state is identical, and the bridge switch state in all half-bridge cells is identical, and Shang Qiao is opposite with the on off state of lower bridge.
As a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 2, the battery pack includes the electricity of 2 sequential series
Pond BATT1, BATT2, the voltage balance circuit include 2 basic capacitance CBATT1, CBATT2,2 half-bridge cells and 1
Flying capcitor CB, wherein, the both ends of CBATT1 are in parallel with battery BATT1, and the both ends of CBATT2 are in parallel with battery BATT2；First
Half-bridge cells include upper bridge M0 and lower bridge M1, after M0, M1 are serially connected, then are connected in parallel on the both ends of CBATT1；Second half-bridge cells
Comprising upper bridge M2 and lower bridge M3, after M2, M3 are serially connected, then the both ends of CBATT2 are connected in parallel on；One end connection of flying capcitor CB
Between M0, M1, the other end of flying capcitor CB is connected between M2, M3, for electric charge transfer, realizes the equal of voltage
Weighing apparatus.
Based on the circuit shown in Fig. 2, using control sequential as shown in Figure 3, the control signal of switching tube M0-M3 is respectively
S0-S3, when electric voltage equalization is not required between battery BATT1, BATT2, M0-M3 is turned off；When between battery BATT1, BATT2
When needing electric voltage equalization, then S1, S3 and S0, S2 are complementary signal.
If the total voltage based on BATT1 and BATT2 is VIN, namely VIN=VBATT1+VBATT2, then, the topological work
Principle is：
When S1, S3 are turned on, VIN=VCB+VBATT2, then：VCB=VBATT2
When S0, S2 are turned on, VCB=VBATT1
So that：VBATT2=VBATT1=VIN/ 2, complete electric voltage equalization.
Analyzed more than, the present invention only needs simple topological sum to control, you can realizes electric voltage equalization.
It should be noted that when circuit provided by the present invention as voltage divider in use, with two half-bridge cells
Midpoint (namely between M0, M1 between M2, M3) be used as output terminal；In electric voltage equalization application, half-bridge cells and bridging electricity
The connection structure of appearance is by the voltage between two adjacent series-connected cells of autobalance, it is not necessary to extra output.
As shown in figure 5, be the application circuit structure being in series using 3 battery BATT1-BATT3, the electric voltage equalization electricity
Road includes 3 basic capacitance CBATT1, CBATT2, CBATT3,3 half-bridge cells and 2 flying capcitors CB1, CB2, wherein,
The both ends of CBATT1 are in parallel with BATT1, and the both ends of CBATT2 are in parallel with battery BATT2, and the both ends of CBATT3 and battery BATT3 are simultaneously
Connection；First half-bridge cells include upper bridge M0 and lower bridge M1, after M0, M1 are serially connected, then are connected in parallel on the both ends of CBATT1；The second half
Bridge unit includes upper bridge M2 and lower bridge M3, after M2, M3 are serially connected, then is connected in parallel on the both ends of CBATT2；3rd half-bridge cells bag
Containing upper bridge M4 and lower bridge M5, after M4, M5 are serially connected, then the both ends of CBATT3 are connected in parallel on；One end of flying capcitor CB1 is connected to
Between M0, M1, the other end of flying capcitor CB1 is connected between M2, M3, one end of flying capcitor CB2 be connected to M2, M3 it
Between, the other end of flying capcitor CB2 is connected between M4, M5, and flying capcitor CB1, CB2 are used for electric charge transfer, realizes voltage point
The equilibrium of pressure.
Based on the circuit structure shown in Fig. 5, its control sequential is：The on off state of S0, S2, S4 are identical, S1, S3, S5's
On off state is identical, and S0, S2, S4 and S1, S3, S5 are complementary signal；When that need not carry out electric voltage equalization, M0-M5 is closed
It is disconnected.
As shown in fig. 6, be the application circuit structure being in series using 4 battery BATT1-BATT4, the electric voltage equalization electricity
Road includes 4 basic capacitance CBATT1, CBATT2, CBATT3, CBATT4,4 half-bridge cells and 3 flying capcitor CB1,
CB2, CB3, wherein, the both ends of CBATT1 are in parallel with battery BATT1, and the both ends of CBATT2 are in parallel with battery BATT2, CBATT3's
Both ends are in parallel with battery BATT3, and the both ends of CBATT4 are in parallel with battery BATT4；First half-bridge cells include upper bridge M0 and lower bridge
M1, after M0, M1 are serially connected, then is connected in parallel on the both ends of CBATT1；Second half-bridge cells include upper bridge M2 and lower bridge M3, M2, M3
After being serially connected, then it is connected in parallel on the both ends of CBATT2；3rd half-bridge cells include upper bridge M4 and lower bridge M5, M4, M5 are serially connected
Afterwards, the both ends of CBATT3 are connected in parallel on then；4th half-bridge cells include upper bridge M6 and lower bridge M7, after M6, M7 are serially connected, then it is in parallel
At the both ends of CBATT4；One end of flying capcitor CB1 is connected between M0, M1, the other end of flying capcitor CB1 be connected to M2,
Between M3, one end of flying capcitor CB2 is connected between M2, M3, and the other end of flying capcitor CB2 is connected between M4, M5, across
The one end for meeting capacitance CB3 is connected between M4, M5, and the other end of flying capcitor CB3 is connected between M6, M7, flying capcitor
CB1, CB2, CB3 are used for electric charge transfer, realize the equilibrium of voltage.
Based on the circuit structure shown in Fig. 6, its control sequential is：The on off state of S0, S2, S4, S6 are identical, S1, S3,
The on off state of S5, S7 are identical, and S0, S2, S4, S6 and S1, S3, S5, S7 are complementary signal；When electric voltage equalization need not be carried out
When, M0-M7 is turned off.
For aforementioned circuit structure, unit equilibrium capacitance, the setting of the unit equilibrium capacitance can also be in addition further added by
Method is：The battery that 2m are in series sets a unit equilibrium capacitance, one end of the unit equilibrium capacitance as one group
The midpoint of m battery, the other end of unit equilibrium capacitance are connected to the midpoint of rear m battery before being connected to.
Further, it is also possible to using the battery that at least two is in series as one group, in the both ends parallel connection Homogeneity between groups of this Battery pack
Capacitance, by packet, realizes multi-stag electric voltage equalization, can not only improve balancing speed, also can further improve the accuracy of equalization.
Wherein packet mode has diversification characteristic, and is closely related with the actual compositional model of battery pack.
As shown in fig. 7, it is to be in series and included using 4 battery BATT1-BATT4 between unit equilibrium capacitance, group
The electrical block diagram of weighing apparatus capacitance, it adds unit equilibrium capacitance and Homogeneity between groups on the basis of structure shown in Fig. 6
Capacitance, wherein, using battery BATT1, BATT2 as one group, using battery BATT3, BATT4 as one group, Homogeneity between groups capacitance
One end of CBG1 is connected to the midpoint of battery BATT1, BATT2, namely the midpoint of the connection circuit of M0-M3, Homogeneity between groups capacitance
The other end of CBG1 is connected to the midpoint of battery BATT3, BATT4, namely the midpoint of the connection circuit of M4-M7；It is and two groups corresponding
Battery pack, setting unit equilibrium capacitance CB12, CB34, the both ends of CB12 are connected in parallel on the connection electricity of battery BATT1, BATT2 respectively
The both ends on road, the both ends of CB34 are connected in parallel on the both ends of the connection circuit of battery BATT3, BATT4
In specific works, the working method of electric voltage equalization is same as above the present embodiment between battery two-by-two, but between group and group
Working method is：M6, M7, M2, M3 are simultaneously turned on, VCB34=VCB12+VCBG1；M0, M1, M4, M5 are simultaneously turned on, then：
VCB12=VCBG1.So then：VCB12=VBC34.By packet, the voltage that can further speed up the battery of multiple series connection is equal
The speed of weighing apparatus.It is suitable for multiple battery series models.Packet has a variety of extended modes, is not limited to two adjacent batteries as one
Group.
Circuit implementations：In an adjacent battery module both ends half-bridge cells in parallel, and flying capcitor is added respectively
At the midpoint of half-bridge circuit.The voltage balance circuit is suitable for the electric voltage equalization between adjacent battery modules, and battery module can be
Single battery unit, or the module of multiple batteries series connection.Therefore, concrete implementation mode can be divided into two kinds：
1) single stage type electric voltage equalization
Voltage balance circuit realizes the electric voltage equalization between two neighboring battery module, suitable for less battery module series connection mould
Formula.Realization topology difference based on two battery series connection, four batteries and five series connection is as seen in figs. 8-10.
2) multi-stag electric voltage equalization
Under the pattern of multiple battery modules series connection, electric voltage equalization is only carried out two-by-two to battery module, realizes that the time is longer,
Also precision can be influenced.In order to solve this bottleneck, by being grouped to series-connected battery modules, using two-stage type pattern, at the same time
Electric voltage equalization between realization group between unit.It is as shown in figure 11 to implement block diagram.
Figure 11 is embodied is divided into 5 groups by multiple battery modules, realizes the function of two-stage type electric voltage equalization.First, every
In one group, elementary cell is added between each two adjacent battery modules.In terms of the second level, one is added between each two adjacent cell group
Group elementary cell.Worked at the same time by two-stage type, balancing speed and precision can be increased substantially.The balanced unit of the second level is set
Meter need to consider voltage between group of the battery series connection with higher.
When multiple battery groups are even number, required half-bridge cells can be simplified, using the equilibrium of the first order
Half-bridge cells, by varying control strategy, realize two-stage type control.Four battery units realize two-stage by two battery groups
The improvement project of formula equilibrium is as shown in Figure 7.CB1, CB2, CB3 are first order equilibrium capacitance, and CBG1 is second level equilibrium capacitance.Its
Working method can be：M6, M7, M2, M3 are simultaneously turned on, VCB34=VCB12+VCBG1；M0, M1, M4, M5 are simultaneously turned on, then：
VCB12=VCBG1.So then：VCB12=VBC34.
Above example is merely illustrative of the invention's technical idea, it is impossible to protection scope of the present invention is limited with this, it is every
According to technological thought proposed by the present invention, any change done on the basis of technical solution, each falls within the scope of the present invention
Within.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of battery pack active voltage balancing circuit, the battery pack include the battery module of n sequential series；Its feature
It is：The voltage balance circuit includes n half-bridge cells and n-1 flying capcitor, wherein, n half-bridge cells correspond to respectively
The both ends of n battery module are connected in parallel on, wherein, each half-bridge cells include switch on the bridge pipe and bridge switch pipe；The n-1
The connection relation of flying capcitor and half-bridge cells is：The both ends of each flying capcitor connect the midpoint of two neighboring half-bridge cells respectively
Between two switching tubes.
A kind of 2. battery pack active voltage balancing circuit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The battery module is single
A battery, or the battery strings being in series by several batteries.
A kind of 3. battery pack active voltage balancing circuit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The voltage balance circuit
N basic capacitance is further included, n basic capacitance corresponds to the both ends for being connected in parallel on n battery module respectively.
A kind of 4. battery pack active voltage balancing circuit as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：The basis capacitance is outer
Boundary's capacitance or battery module self capacity.
A kind of 5. battery pack active voltage balancing circuit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The half-bridge cells it is upper
Bridge and lower bridge use silicon switching tube, gallium nitride or silicon carbide switches pipe.
A kind of 6. battery pack active voltage balancing circuit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The voltage balance circuit
Unit equilibrium capacitance is further included, the both ends of the unit equilibrium capacitance are connected in parallel on the two of at least two battery modules being in series
End.
A kind of 7. battery pack active voltage balancing circuit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The battery pack includes
The battery module of 4i sequential series, voltage balance circuit include 4i half-bridge cells and 4i-1 flying capcitor, wherein, 4i
Half-bridge cells correspond to the both ends for being connected in parallel on 4i battery module respectively, wherein, each half-bridge cells include switch on the bridge pipe with
Bridge switch pipe；The both ends of 4i-1 flying capcitor connect the midpoint of two neighboring half-bridge cells respectively；The voltage balance circuit
Further include a Homogeneity between groups capacitance, one end connection the 1st of Homogeneity between groups capacitance to the midpoint of the 2i half-bridge cells is equal between group
The other end of weighing apparatus capacitance connects 2i+1 to the midpoint of the 4i half-bridge cells.
A kind of 8. control method of battery pack active voltage balancing circuit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：To n
The on off state of Shang Qiao and lower bridge in half-bridge cells are controlled, and are specifically all half-bridge cells so as to fulfill electric voltage equalization
In switch on the bridge state it is identical, the bridge switch state in all half-bridge cells is identical, and the on off state of Shang Qiao and lower bridge
It is complementary.
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| CN201711293605.4A CN107947278A (en) | 2017-12-08 | 2017-12-08 | A kind of battery pack active voltage balancing circuit and its control method |
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| CN201711293605.4A CN107947278A (en) | 2017-12-08 | 2017-12-08 | A kind of battery pack active voltage balancing circuit and its control method |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201947001U (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2011-08-24 | 山西通用集团股份有限公司 | Multiple-ring capacity balancer of series-connected storage battery pack |
| CN103296882A (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2013-09-11 | 浙江大学 | DC-DC (direct-current to direct-current) resonant converter with automatic voltage equalizing function |
| CN104505876A (en) * | 2014-12-07 | 2015-04-08 | 北京工业大学 | Capacitive voltage balance system and method for series-connected energy storage system |
| CN107317376A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-11-03 | 山东大学 | Series battery balanced device and its implementation based on star-like Switch capacitor structure |
-
2017
- 2017-12-08 CN CN201711293605.4A patent/CN107947278A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201947001U (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2011-08-24 | 山西通用集团股份有限公司 | Multiple-ring capacity balancer of series-connected storage battery pack |
| CN103296882A (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2013-09-11 | 浙江大学 | DC-DC (direct-current to direct-current) resonant converter with automatic voltage equalizing function |
| CN104505876A (en) * | 2014-12-07 | 2015-04-08 | 北京工业大学 | Capacitive voltage balance system and method for series-connected energy storage system |
| CN107317376A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-11-03 | 山东大学 | Series battery balanced device and its implementation based on star-like Switch capacitor structure |
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