CN107317376A - Series battery balanced device and its implementation based on star-like Switch capacitor structure - Google Patents
Series battery balanced device and its implementation based on star-like Switch capacitor structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN107317376A CN107317376A CN201710670635.6A CN201710670635A CN107317376A CN 107317376 A CN107317376 A CN 107317376A CN 201710670635 A CN201710670635 A CN 201710670635A CN 107317376 A CN107317376 A CN 107317376A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of series battery balanced device and its implementation based on star-like Switch capacitor structure, the present invention can overcome can not effectively eliminate in big battery group between battery cell the problem of inconsistency in the prior art.Compared with traditional switched capacitor equalizer, high balancing speed and high efficiency can be realized independently of number of batteries and the initial mismatch of cell voltage, and significant impact will not be produced to the size of circuit, cost, control and reliability；The topological structure proposed realizes most direct equilibrium path between any two battery cell using minimum MOSFET and electric capacity, so as to realize optimal Switch capacitor structure, equalization efficiency and speed are greatly improved, the inconsistency between battery cell is effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of series battery balanced device and its implementation based on star-like Switch capacitor structure.
Background technology
Electric automobile has the advantage of energy-conserving and environment-protective, is to solve the energy and the critical path of environmental crisis, it has also become future
The inexorable trend of automobile industry development.Because energy density is high, self-discharge rate is low, and memory-less effect and monomer voltage height etc. are excellent
Point, lithium ion battery is considered as most one of rechargeable battery of attraction.But, the end electricity of single lithium ionic cell unit
Pressure generally relatively low, only 2-4.2V.In order to meet the requirement of load voltage and power, it is necessary to by numerous lithium-ion battery monomers
Series and parallel is used in groups.However, due to the limitation of manufacturing process, there is small difference in internal resistance, capacity of each battery cell etc.
It is different, and increase with battery pack aging, this species diversity can cause the imbalance of battery cell voltage, and then cause certain batteries
Overcharging or crossing for monomer is put, and greatly reduces the active volume and cycle life of battery pack, in addition can set off an explosion, it is on fire etc.
Security incident.Therefore, series battery needs battery equalizer to carry out balancing battery monomer voltage, on the one hand, for series-connected cell
For group, it is battery balanced be it is necessary, improve the active volume and cycle life of battery pack；On the other hand, it is battery balanced
It is beneficial to reduce the cost of battery pack, because battery equalizer reduces the strict demand to battery consistency.
At present, battery equalizing circuit mainly has dissipation balanced and non-balanced two major class that dissipates.Dissipation equilibrium is by electricity
The each battery cells of a Chi Zuzhong resistance in parallel, carries out electric discharge shunting, so as to realize battery list by the high battery cell of voltage
The equilibrium of bulk voltage.The equilibrium that dissipates has the advantages that low cost, small volume and control are simple, but the unnecessary energy of battery cell
To be consumed by conductive discharge, there are problems that efficiency it is low and.
The non-equilibrium that dissipates, as energy-storage travelling wave tube, utilizes common power converting circuit using electric capacity, inductance or transformer etc.
As underlying topology, structure that is scattered or concentrating is taken, unidirectional or two-way equalization scheme is realized.According to energy stream, non-dissipation
Equalization methods can be divided into following four classes：(1) battery cell is to battery cell；(2) battery cell is to battery pack；(3) battery pack
To battery cell；(4) any battery cell is to any battery cell.Battery cell can only realize energy to battery cell equalization methods
Amount is transmitted from a battery cell to its adjacent cell monomer, particularly when voltage is high and the low battery cell of voltage is in respectively
During the two ends of battery pack, its balancing speed and equalization efficiency can be reduced greatly.For equalization methods of the battery cell to battery pack,
Energy directly can be delivered to whole battery pack from voltage highest battery cell.This method is suitable only for a certain in battery pack
Or some batteries monomer voltages are higher than other batteries monomer voltages, and other batteries monomer voltages are in poised state
Situation；It is not suitable for a certain or some batteries monomer voltages less than other batteries monomer voltages, and other batteries monomers
Voltage is in the situation of poised state.For equalization methods of the battery pack to battery cell, energy can be directly from whole battery
Group is delivered to the minimum battery cell of voltage, can realize larger euqalizing current, but this method is suitable only for battery pack
In a certain or some batteries monomer voltages be less than other batteries monomer voltages, and other batteries monomer voltages are in balance
The situation of state；It is not suitable for a certain or some batteries monomer voltages higher than other batteries monomer voltages, and other economize on electricity
Pond monomer voltage is in the situation of poised state.Any battery cell can realize energy to the equalization methods of any battery cell
From any battery cell to the direct transmission of any battery cell, with higher equalization efficiency and balancing speed.
Chinese invention patent application (application number 201010572115.X) discloses one kind using equalizing resistance to battery pack
Middle battery cell carries out circuit in a balanced way, and the substantial circuit is that battery cell voltage mistake is limited by way of energy expenditure
Height, there are problems that energy dissipation and；Chinese invention patent application (application number 201210595724.6) proposes one
Capacitive battery equalization circuit is planted, the circuit shares an electric capacity per two adjacent batteries, followed by the charge and discharge of electric capacity
Ring, energy is transferred to the relatively low battery cell of voltage from the higher battery cell of voltage, so that its voltage is equal.But work as
The quantity of series-connected cell monomer is more, and between voltage highest and minimum battery cell during adjacent multiple battery cells, it is this
The balanced way of " passing the flower while the drum is beaten " so that equalization efficiency and speed can be substantially reduced, is not suitable for battery cell series connection more
In big battery group.
The content of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the above problems, it is proposed that a kind of series battery based on star-like Switch capacitor structure is balanced
Device and its implementation, the present invention can overcome effectively eliminate in big battery group in the prior art to differ between battery cell
The problem of cause property.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of series battery balanced device based on star-like Switch capacitor structure, including be connected with N batteries monomers it is micro-
Controller, N-1 switching capacities and N number of half-bridge circuit, each battery cell correspondence are connected with a half-bridge circuit, wherein：
The half-bridge circuit is made up of the metal-oxide-semiconductor of two series connection, and the drain electrode of upper end metal-oxide-semiconductor is connected to a batteries monomer
Positive pole, the source electrode of lower end metal-oxide-semiconductor is connected to the negative pole of the battery cell；
The half-bridge circuit connects microcontroller, and the microcontroller includes pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part, with
Control the conducting and shut-off of the metal-oxide-semiconductor of each half-bridge circuit；
The midpoint of N-1 half-bridge circuit is linked together by a switching capacity respectively, forms hub-and-spoke configuration.
The N-1 switching capacity is connected to the midpoint of the N-1 half-bridge circuit, i.e., two series connection metal-oxide-semiconductor phases
The point of connection, the other end is connected to switching capacity bus.
The pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part sends a pair of complementary high-frequency PWM signals of states, PWM+ and
PWM-, the upper end metal-oxide-semiconductor of the half-bridge circuit is controlled by the PWM+, and lower end metal-oxide-semiconductor is controlled by the PWM-.
Each switching capacity branch of described star-like Switch capacitor structure and bus are all connected to the midpoint of half-bridge circuit.
Bus may be coupled to any half-bridge circuit, show good flexibility and the robustness of proposed balanced device.
Using the implementation method of the battery equalizing circuit based on switching capacity, the pulse width modulation (PWM) of microcontroller is believed
Number output end sends a pair of complementary pwm signals of states and controls top and bottom metal-oxide-semiconductor alternate conduction in N number of half-bridge circuit, makes
The battery cell that voltage is obtained more than average value charges to switching capacity, and Simultaneous Switching electric capacity is less than the battery list of average value to voltage
Bulk charging, realizes the real-time and automatic equalization of energy.
Specifically, comprising the following steps：
(1) the pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part of microcontroller sends the complementary pwm signal control N of a pair of states
Metal-oxide-semiconductor alternate conduction in top and bottom in individual half-bridge circuit, i.e. working condition I and working condition II；
(2) working condition I：When in N number of half-bridge circuit upper end metal-oxide-semiconductor conducting, lower end metal-oxide-semiconductor close when, switching capacity with
The N-1 batteries monomer of upper end is in parallel in series battery, and the battery cell that voltage is more than average value charges to switching capacity, together
When switching capacity to voltage be less than average value battery cell charge；
(3) working condition II：It is described to open when the conducting of lower end metal-oxide-semiconductor, upper end metal-oxide-semiconductor are closed in N number of half-bridge circuit
Powered-down appearance is in parallel with the N-1 batteries monomers of lower end in series battery, and the battery cell that voltage is more than average value gives switch electricity
Capacity charge, Simultaneous Switching electric capacity charges to the battery cell that voltage is less than average value；
(4) alternation Jing Guo the two states, realizes the battery cell that energy is more than average value from free voltage
It is less than real-time, the direct and automatic transmission of the battery cell of average value to free voltage.
A kind of battery pack, includes the battery cell and above-mentioned balanced device of N section series connection.
A kind of battery pack, uses above-mentioned equalization methods.
The present invention operation principle be：
Microcontroller sends a pair of complementary pwm signals of state and controls the half-bridge circuit, makes its alternation in state I
With state I I, it is achieved thereby that energy is from the higher battery cell of free voltage to the same of the relatively low battery cell of free voltage
When, directly, automatic transmission.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) present invention can realize any battery cell in battery pack to any battery cell it is automatic, direct, while equal
Weighing apparatus；
(2) it is of the invention identical with traditional switching capacity equalization methods, each battery only need to two switch mosfets and
One capacitor, and without voltage detecting circuit, it is ensured that reduce circuit volume, reduce use cost.
(3) because switching capacity is with Y-connection, any unit can be adjacent to each other, it is only necessary to which a switch periods will
Energy is transferred to object element from source unit, greatly improves equalization efficiency and balancing speed；
(4) by connecting the bus of star-like Switch capacitor structure, global equilibrium can be easily realized, so that reduce scale,
Cost is reduced, energy loss is reduced；
(5) balanced device proposed has very strong robustness.Why not accurate electricity can be performed under equilibrium condition with office
Pressure is balanced, without capacitor and MOSFET matching.
(6) low voltage stress of power device, high reliability are realized.
(7) there is identical control method compared with traditional switched-capacitor methods.Using only a pair of complementary PWM letters
Number, i.e. PWM+ and PWM- drive all switch mosfets, realize that automatic voltage is balanced without battery cell monitoring, control letter
Single, reliability is high；
(8) equalizing circuit is applied to the batteries, the parameter without changing device in circuit such as lithium ion, ni-mh, plumbic acid.
Brief description of the drawings
The Figure of description for constituting the part of the application is used for providing further understanding of the present application, and the application's shows
Meaning property embodiment and its illustrate be used for explain the application, do not constitute the improper restriction to the application.
Fig. 1 (a)-Fig. 1 (d) is the composition schematic diagram of the battery equalizing circuit based on switching capacity of the present invention；
Fig. 2 (a)-Fig. 2 (c) is the working condition I of present invention schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 (a)-Fig. 3 (c) is the working condition II of present invention schematic diagram；
Energy transmission between Fig. 4 (a) adjacent cell monomers；Fig. 4 (b) is often separated by the energy transmission of a battery cell；Fig. 4
(c) energy transmission of the first segment battery cell to final section battery cell.
Fig. 5 is euqalizing current i of the inventionCWith capacitance voltage VCExperimental waveform figure；
Fig. 6 is balanced lab diagram of the invention；
Fig. 7 (a), Fig. 7 (b) are equalizing circuit modularization figure of the invention.
Embodiment：
The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
It is noted that described further below is all exemplary, it is intended to provide further instruction to the application.Unless another
Indicate, all technologies used herein and scientific terminology are with usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singulative
It is also intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in this manual using term "comprising" and/or " bag
Include " when, it indicates existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or combinations thereof.
As background technology is introduced, existing can not effectively eliminate in big battery group between battery cell in the prior art
The deficiency of inconsistency, in order to solve technical problem as above, present applicant proposes a kind of based on star-like Switch capacitor structure
Series battery balanced device and its implementation.Compared with traditional switched capacitor equalizer, can independently of number of batteries and
The initial mismatch of cell voltage and realize high balancing speed and high efficiency, and will not be to the size of circuit, cost, control and can
Significant impact is produced by property；The topological structure proposed realizes any two battery cell using minimum MOSFET and electric capacity
Between most direct equilibrium path, so as to realize optimal Switch capacitor structure, greatly improve equalization efficiency and speed, effectively
Improve the inconsistency between battery cell.The intrinsic advantages of institute's proposition balanced device are small volumes, and cost is low, and control is simple, effect
Rate is high, and speed is fast, and easily, reliability is high and can realize that automatically any battery cell is to the same of any battery cell for modularization
Shi Junheng.
As a kind of exemplary embodiments of the present invention, by taking 4 batteries monomers as an example, and V is assumedB11>VB12>VB13>VB14。
As the star-like Switch capacitor structures of Fig. 1 (a)-Fig. 1 (c) are made up of three switching capacities.Half-bridge circuit is by two series connection
Metal-oxide-semiconductor composition, be Q11-Q12, Q13-Q14, Q15-Q16, Q17-Q18 respectively.The upper end of half-bridge circuit is connected to battery list
The positive pole of body, lower end is connected to the negative pole of the battery cell.Three switching capacities (C11-C13) are connected to half-bridge circuit
Midpoint.Control signal PWM+ is connected to the grid of upper end metal-oxide-semiconductor in half-bridge circuit, i.e. Q11, Q13, Q15 by drive circuit,
Q17 grid.Control signal PWM- is connected to the grid of lower end metal-oxide-semiconductor in half-bridge circuit, i.e. Q12, Q14 by drive circuit,
Q16, Q18 grid.Therefore, in this example, the method for four units just has four kinds of different topological structures, such as Fig. 1
(a) shown in-(d), topological structure is of equal value, with identical equalization performance.
The balanced device proposed has two steady-working states in a switch periods.Fig. 2 (a)-Fig. 2 (c) and Fig. 3
(a) working condition of proposed balanced device is given shown in-Fig. 3 (c).
It is the working condition I of present invention schematic diagram as shown in Fig. 2 (a)-Fig. 2 (c).Metal-oxide-semiconductor Q11, Q13, Q15, Q17
Conducting, Q12, Q14, Q16, Q18 shut-offs, switching capacity is in parallel with upper end battery cell (B11-B13).As can be seen from the figure have
6 charge balancing paths (i1A, i2A, i3A, i4A, i5A, i6A), realize upper end battery cell (B11-B13) split powered-down
Charged while appearance.
It is the working condition II of present invention schematic diagram as shown in Fig. 3 (a)-Fig. 3 (c).Metal-oxide-semiconductor Q12, Q14, Q16, Q18
Conducting, Q11, Q13, Q15, Q17 shut-offs, switching capacity is in parallel with lower end battery cell (B12-B14).As can be seen from Figure 3
There are 6 equalization discharge paths (i1B, i2B, i3B, i4B, i5B, i6B), realize switching capacity to lower end battery cell (B12-
B14 charged while).
It is all equilibrium paths of equalizing circuit as shown in Fig. 4 (a)-Fig. 4 (c).Fig. 4 (a) shows equalizing circuit of the present invention
The energy transmission between adjacent cell monomer can be realized；Fig. 4 (b) shows that equalizing circuit of the present invention can be realized and is often separated by an electricity
The DIRECT ENERGY transmission of pond monomer；Fig. 4 (c) shows that equalizing circuit of the present invention can realize first segment battery cell to final section
The DIRECT ENERGY transmission of battery cell.
Analyzed based on more than, while equalizing circuit of the present invention can realize any battery cell to any battery cell,
Directly, automatic equalization, with higher equalization efficiency and balancing speed.
Fig. 5 gives the euqalizing current iC and capacitance voltage VC of present invention experimental waveform figure.Show balanced electricity of the invention
Road control is simple.
Fig. 6 gives the balanced lab diagram of 8 batteries of equalizing circuit modularization of the present invention.Initial cells monomer voltage point
Not Wei 3.204V, 3.158V, 3.120V, 3.069V, 3.027V, 2.977V, 2.915V and 2.638V, maximum initial voltage difference is
566mV.After 13000s, all battery cell voltages are converged near 3.020 simultaneously, and its maximum voltage difference is 14mV.It is real
Test result and show balanced while equalizing circuit of the present invention results in any battery cell to any battery cell, and balanced speed
Degree is fast, and equalization efficiency is high.
Fig. 7 gives the equalizing circuit modularization figure of the present invention.As can be seen that need to only be further added by a switching capacity, i.e.,
The automatic equalization between battery pack can be obtained, without other outer layer equalizing circuits, equalizing circuit volume is effectively reduced,
Reduce use cost.
The preferred embodiment of the application is the foregoing is only, the application is not limited to, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the application can have various modifications and variations.It is all within spirit herein and principle, made any repair
Change, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included within the protection domain of the application.
Although above-mentioned the embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to accompanying drawing, not to present invention protection model
The limitation enclosed, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of technical scheme those skilled in the art are not
Need to pay various modifications or deform still within protection scope of the present invention that creative work can make.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of series battery balanced device based on star-like Switch capacitor structure, it is characterized in that：Including connecting with N batteries monomer
Microcontroller, N-1 switching capacities and the N number of half-bridge circuit connect, each battery cell correspondence is connected with a half-bridge circuit, its
In：
The half-bridge circuit includes the metal-oxide-semiconductor of two series connection, and the half-bridge circuit connects microcontroller, and the microcontroller includes
Pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part, with the conducting and shut-off of the metal-oxide-semiconductor for controlling each half-bridge circuit；
The midpoint of N-1 half-bridge circuit is linked together by a switching capacity respectively, forms hub-and-spoke configuration.
2. a kind of series battery balanced device based on star-like Switch capacitor structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：Institute
State the midpoint that N-1 switching capacity is connected to the N-1 half-bridge circuit, i.e., the point that two series connection metal-oxide-semiconductors are connected, separately
One end is connected to switching capacity bus.
3. a kind of series battery balanced device based on star-like Switch capacitor structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：Institute
State pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part and send a pair of states complementary high-frequency PWM signal PWM+ and PWM-.
4. a kind of series battery balanced device based on star-like Switch capacitor structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：Institute
The upper end metal-oxide-semiconductor for stating half-bridge circuit is controlled by the PWM+, and lower end metal-oxide-semiconductor is controlled by the PWM-.
5. a kind of series battery balanced device based on star-like Switch capacitor structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：Institute
The each switching capacity branch for the star-like Switch capacitor structure stated and bus are all connected to the midpoint of half-bridge circuit.
6. a kind of series battery balanced device based on star-like Switch capacitor structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：Institute
The drain electrode for stating the upper end metal-oxide-semiconductor of half-bridge circuit is connected to the positive pole of a batteries monomer, and the source electrode of lower end metal-oxide-semiconductor is connected to the electricity
The negative pole of pond monomer.
7. the implementation method of battery equalizing circuit based on switching capacity of the application as any one of claim 1-6, its
It is characterized in：The pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part of microcontroller sends the complementary pwm signal control N number of half of a pair of states
Metal-oxide-semiconductor alternate conduction in top and bottom in bridge circuit so that the battery cell that voltage is more than average value charges to switching capacity, together
When switching capacity to voltage be less than average value battery cell charge, realize the real-time and automatic equalization of energy.
8. implementation method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that：Specifically include：
(1) the pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part of microcontroller sends the complementary pwm signal control N number of half of a pair of states
Metal-oxide-semiconductor alternate conduction in top and bottom in bridge circuit, i.e. working condition I and working condition II；
(2) working condition I：When the conducting of upper end metal-oxide-semiconductor, lower end metal-oxide-semiconductor are closed in N number of half-bridge circuit, switching capacity is with connecting
The N-1 batteries monomer of upper end is in parallel in battery pack, and the battery cell that voltage is more than average value charges to switching capacity, opens simultaneously
The powered-down battery cell for being less than average value to voltage that holds charges；
(3) working condition II：When the conducting of lower end metal-oxide-semiconductor, upper end metal-oxide-semiconductor are closed in N number of half-bridge circuit, the switch electricity
Appearance is in parallel with the N-1 batteries monomers of lower end in series battery, and the battery cell that voltage is more than average value fills to switching capacity
Electricity, Simultaneous Switching electric capacity charges to the battery cell that voltage is less than average value；
(4) alternation Jing Guo the two states, realizes energy and takes office from battery cell of the free voltage more than average value
Voltage of anticipating is less than real-time, the direct and automatic transmission of the battery cell of average value.
9. a kind of battery pack, it is characterized in that：The battery cell and equal as described in claim any one of 1-6 of series connection is saved including N
Weighing apparatus.
10. a kind of battery pack, it is characterized in that：Use the equalization methods as described in claim any one of 7-8.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107579575A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-12 | 开沃新能源汽车集团有限公司 | Battery equalizing circuit and implementation method based on switch coupled capacitor |
| CN107947278A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-04-20 | 南京博兰得电子科技有限公司 | A kind of battery pack active voltage balancing circuit and its control method |
| CN108448676A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-08-24 | 山东大学 | A kind of the battery pack balancing device and its implementation of network switching capacity |
| CN108767947A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-11-06 | 泉州亿兴电力有限公司 | A kind of battery equalizing circuit |
| CN110808624A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-02-18 | 周天文 | Lithium battery balancing circuit |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107579575A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-12 | 开沃新能源汽车集团有限公司 | Battery equalizing circuit and implementation method based on switch coupled capacitor |
| CN107947278A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-04-20 | 南京博兰得电子科技有限公司 | A kind of battery pack active voltage balancing circuit and its control method |
| CN108448676A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-08-24 | 山东大学 | A kind of the battery pack balancing device and its implementation of network switching capacity |
| CN108448676B (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2021-04-27 | 山东大学 | Battery pack equalizer of grid structure switch capacitor and implementation method thereof |
| CN108767947A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-11-06 | 泉州亿兴电力有限公司 | A kind of battery equalizing circuit |
| CN110808624A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-02-18 | 周天文 | Lithium battery balancing circuit |
| CN110808624B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2023-10-10 | 周天文 | Lithium battery balance circuit |
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