CN107946079B - 一种柔性全印刷量子点敏化太阳电池的制备 - Google Patents
一种柔性全印刷量子点敏化太阳电池的制备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种柔性全印刷量子点敏化太阳电池的制备，分别制备量子点/二氧化钛复合浆料、准固态柔性可印刷电解质、硫化亚铜复合对电极浆料，将制备好的量子点/二氧化钛复合浆料采用丝网印刷方法首先涂抹在柔性透明导电塑料基底，烘干得光阳极膜；将电解液浆料丝网印刷到光阳极膜烘干，电解液浆料层干燥后即得固态电解质层，在其表层继续丝网印刷硫化亚铜复合对电极浆料，烘干后即得柔性全印刷量子点敏化太阳电池。本发明的有益效果是所得到的柔性全印刷量子点敏化太阳电池有较高的光电转换效率，并且制备工艺方法简单，成本较低且能耗低。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于新型太阳电池和能源技术领域，涉及一种柔性全印刷量子点敏化太阳电池的制备。
背景技术
随着电子科学技术的迅速发展，柔性便携式及可穿戴电子产品逐渐兴起，与其配套的柔性太阳电池的应用开发成为目前科研界与工业界的研究热点，并具有广阔的市场应用空间。量子点敏化太阳电池以其效率高、成本低、工艺简单、材料制备简单等优势在生产应用领域的开发利用展示了诱人前景。然而，目前柔性量子点敏化太阳电池的研发显得很薄弱，且其光电转换效率不超过4％，远小于刚性量子点敏化太阳电池11％的光电转换效率。因此，人们亟需解决柔性量子点敏化太阳电池开发利用方面的关键科学难题。开发高效率柔性量子点敏化太阳电池的关键是开发高导电性和高弯曲强度的光阳极和对电极。除此之外，耐高温和高透光性对光阳极来说也是十分必要的，这就对太阳电池的基底有着较高的要求。其次，活性材料在相应柔性基底上沉积牢固性差也是目前所面临的重要难题。除此之外，柔性量子点敏化太阳电池的封装及稳定性方面也亟需解决。
目前，研究人员采用各种方式来制备柔性量子点敏化太阳电池器件，并试图尝试解决其活性层牢固性及封装稳定性问题。Meng首次报道通过高温烧结和膜转移技术联合起来的方法制备出柔性量子点敏化太阳电池光阳极膜，先在石墨纸衬底上高温烧结制得二氧化钛薄膜，再将薄膜转移到塑料衬底。此种方法转移的多孔薄膜的性能在转移前后保持不变(Meng Q.et al,Chemical Communications,2011,47,2664-2666)。但是，此种方法在玻璃衬底和二氧化钛薄膜之间沉积有一层ITO层，大大增加了电池制作的成本，并且制作过程复杂，不利于工业化生产。Zhong等报道将P25二氧化钛颗粒超声分散在乙醇中，然后加入含有异丙醇钛和聚偏氟乙烯的松油醇粘合剂中，得到低温二氧化钛浆料涂抹于ITO/PEN柔性膜上制备光阳极。同时在柔性泡沫镍基底上原位水热生长铜纳米颗粒，并采用聚硫电解质硫化得到致密硫化亚铜负载于泡沫镍基底的柔性对电极，组装成的柔性器件，最终获得3.55％的光电转换效率(Zhong X.et al,Journal of Materials ChemistryA,2016,4,11754-11761)。此外，Lei等报道在ITO/PET基底上原位生长约2μm厚的氧化锌纳米棒，然后通过电化学沉积方法在氧化锌棒上沉积CdSe量子点，最终得到约1％的最高光电转换效率。尽管氧化锌纳米棒对量子点的吸附能力较低，但是在柔性聚合物基底上原位生长氧化物载体的方式极大的促进了柔性量子点敏化太阳电池的发展进程(Lei W.et al,PhysicalChemistry Chemical Physics,2011,13,13182-13184)。同样地，Pan等通过水热反应法制备氧化锌纳米棒阵列，然后通过化学浴沉积方法原位沉积CdS/CdSe量子点，明显增加了量子点的吸附量，同时借助于石墨纸基底上沉积硫化钴阵列作为对电极，最终获得2.7％的光电转换效率(Pan C.,Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2014,2,13661-13666)。然而，上述类型的柔性电池，制备工艺负载，不适合大面积工业化生产。且所用电解质为液态或准固态电解液，容易造成电解液渗漏的问题，影响器件的稳定性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种柔性全印刷量子点敏化太阳电池的制备，解决了柔性电池制备工艺复杂，制造过程中容易造成电解液渗漏的问题。
本发明所采用的技术方案是按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1：预先制备量子点/二氧化钛复合浆料：将二氧化钛粉末和量子点材料分散于含有粘合剂的无水乙醇溶液，超声混合均匀后经过旋转蒸发除去多余的乙醇；
步骤2：准固态柔性可印刷电解质的制备：首先配制聚硫电解液，将硫粉和九水硫化钠溶液溶解于去离子水溶液中，超声混合均匀后加入聚丙烯酸钠和二氧化硅粉末，超声均匀后得到可丝网印刷的电解液浆料备用；
步骤3：硫化亚铜复合对电极浆料的制备：将硫化亚铜粉末与聚苯胺高分子材料混合，并加入粘合剂，搅拌混合均匀后得到硫化亚铜复合对电极浆料备用；
步骤4：将柔性透明导电塑料基底依次用去离子水、无水乙醇超声清洗，然后烘干备用；
步骤5：将制备好的量子点/二氧化钛复合浆料采用丝网印刷方法首先涂抹在柔性透明导电塑料基底，烘干即得光阳极膜；
步骤6：将光阳极膜依次浸入醋酸锌和硫化钠溶液中，并用去离子水和无水乙醇吹干，然后将电解液浆料丝网印刷到光阳极膜，静置后烘干，电解液浆料层干燥后即得固态电解质层，在其表层继续丝网印刷硫化亚铜复合对电极浆料，烘干后即得柔性全印刷量子点敏化太阳电池。
进一步，步骤1中0.2g二氧化钛粉末和30mg量子点分散于6.0mL含有1.0mL粘合剂的无水乙醇溶液。
进一步，步骤1和步骤3中的粘合剂是将8.0mL松油醇、0.01g PVDF和50mL钛酸四丁酯混合均匀后得到的。
进一步，步骤2中将0.16g硫粉和1.2g九水硫化钠溶液溶解于2mL的去离子水溶液中，超声混合均匀后加入0.1g的聚丙烯酸钠和0.1g二氧化硅粉末。
进一步，步骤4中将柔性透明导电塑料基底依次用去离子水、无水乙醇超声清洗5min；
进一步，步骤5中将制备好的量子点/二氧化钛复合浆料采用丝网印刷方法首先涂抹在柔性PEN/ITO膜上，然后在120℃下过夜烘干；所述柔性光阳极膜的厚度控制在10±0.2μm。
进一步，步骤6中将制备好的量子点/二氧化钛复合浆料依次浸入醋酸锌和硫化钠溶液中的各1min，循环4次，并用去离子水和无水乙醇吹干，然后将电解液浆料丝网印刷到光阳极层，并静置2分钟后烘干。
进一步，步骤4中柔性透明导电塑料基底为氧化铟/聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯或氧化铟/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
进一步，步骤1中量子点材料为硒化镉、硫化镉、硒化铅、硫化铅、硫化铋、镉硒碲、硫化镉/硒化镉、硒化镉/碲化镉、铜铟硫、铜铟硒、锌铜铟硫及锌铜铟硒。
进一步，步骤3中硫化亚铜粉末与聚苯胺比例为1:1。
本发明的有益效果是所得到的柔性全印刷量子点敏化太阳电池有较高的光电转换效率，并且制备工艺方法简单，成本较低且能耗低。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备的柔性全印刷量子点敏化太阳电池示意图；
图2为本发明制备的柔性全印刷量子点敏化太阳电池实物图；
图3为本发明制备的柔性全印刷量子点敏化太阳电池最佳电流-电压曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1：研究量子点在光阳极浆料中的含量对量子点敏化太阳电池性能的影响。
a)将ITO/PEN柔性基底依次用去离子水和无水乙醇超声清洗5min，然后烘干。
b)分别取不同ZnCuInSe量子点含量(20mg、30mg及40mg)与0.2g二氧化钛混合，分散于6.0mL含有1.0mL粘合剂的无水乙醇溶液，超声混合均匀后经过旋转蒸发除去多余的乙醇，得到量子点/二氧化钛复合浆料。
将制备好的各种不同量子点含量的复合光阳极浆料采用丝网印刷工艺印刷于柔性ITO/PEN基底上。丝网印刷厚度控制在10±0.2μm之间。将制备好的量子点/二氧化钛复合浆料依次浸入醋酸锌和硫化钠溶液中的各1min，循环4次，并用去离子水和无水乙醇吹干后即得光阳极膜，如图1所示的柔性活性层即为光阳极膜。
将电解液浆料和硫化亚铜复合对电极浆料分别经丝网印刷工艺印刷于柔性光阳极膜表面，控制相同的丝网印刷厚度烘干，如图1所示的固态电解质层，烘干后即得柔性全印刷量子点敏化太阳电池器件。将得到的器件进行光电化学性能表征。表1为量子点在光阳极浆料中的含量对量子点敏化太阳电池性能的影响。
表1
实施例2：研究电解质浆料丝网印刷厚度对柔性量子点敏化太阳电池性能的影响。
a)将ITO/PEN柔性基底依次用去离子水和无水乙醇超声清洗5min，然后烘干。
b)取30mg ZnCuInSe量子点与0.2g二氧化钛混合，分散于6.0mL含有1.0mL粘合剂的无水乙醇溶液，超声混合均匀后经过旋转蒸发除去多余的乙醇，得到量子点/二氧化钛复合浆料。将制备好的光阳极浆料采用丝网印刷工艺印刷于柔性ITO/PEN基底上。丝网印刷厚度控制在10±0.2μm之间。将制备好的量子点/二氧化钛复合浆料依次浸入醋酸锌和硫化钠溶液中的各1min，循环4次，并用去离子水和无水乙醇吹干后即得光阳极膜。
c)准固态柔性可印刷电解质的制备：首先配制聚硫电解液，将0.16g硫粉和1.2g九水硫化钠溶液溶解于2mL的去离子水溶液中，超声混合均匀后加入0.1g的聚丙烯酸钠和0.1g二氧化硅粉末，超声均匀后备用。
d)将制备好的电解质浆料经过丝网印刷工艺印刷于柔性光阳极膜表面，丝网印刷不同的层数，得到不同的电解质膜厚度(2.1μm，3.9μm和5.8μm)，烘干后继续在其上层丝网印刷相同厚度的硫化亚铜复合对电极，即得柔性全印刷量子点敏化太阳电池器件，并将得到的器件进行光电化学性能测试表征。表2为电解质层厚度对量子点敏化太阳电池性能的影响。
表2
实施例3：研究硫化亚铜和聚苯胺的质量比对柔性量子点敏化太阳电池性能的影响。
a)将ITO/PEN柔性基底依次用去离子水和无水乙醇超声清洗5min，然后烘干。
b)取30mg ZnCuInSe量子点与0.2g二氧化钛混合，分散于6.0mL含有1.0mL粘合剂的无水乙醇溶液，超声混合均匀后经过旋转蒸发除去多余的乙醇，得到量子点/二氧化钛复合浆料。采用丝网印刷工艺印刷于柔性ITO/PEN基底上。丝网印刷厚度控制在10±0.2μm之间。将制备好的量子点/二氧化钛复合浆料依次浸入醋酸锌和硫化钠溶液中的各1min，循环4次，并用去离子水和无水乙醇吹干后即得光阳极膜。
c)准固态柔性可印刷电解质的制备：首先配制聚硫电解液，将0.16g硫粉和1.2g九水硫化钠溶液溶解于2mL的去离子水溶液中，超声混合均匀后加入0.1g的聚丙烯酸钠和0.1g二氧化硅粉末，超声均匀后备用。
d)将制备好的电解质浆料经过丝网印刷工艺印刷于柔性光阳极膜表面，丝网印刷得到电解质膜厚度为3.9μm左右，烘干后继续在其上层丝网印刷相硫化亚铜复合对电极。调节硫化亚铜与聚苯胺的比例(硫化亚铜：聚苯胺＝2:1,1:1,2:3)来调节对电极的催化活性和导电性，然后通过丝网印刷技术涂抹到电解质表面，保证丝网印刷相同的膜厚度。即得柔性全印刷量子点敏化太阳电池器件，并将得到的器件进行光电化学性能测试表征。表3为对电极中硫化亚铜与聚苯胺比例对量子点敏化太阳电池性能的影响。
表3
本发明方法的优点还在于：采用简单的丝网印刷工艺将各个电极组件层层涂抹于柔性塑料基底上，层层印刷工艺使得各个组件之间具有较好的结合力，各界面之间能够相互融合，增加了各界面之间的结合力，并得到较高的光电转换效率。此外，该制备工艺方法简单，成本较低且能耗低。适合大规模批量化生产，具有广阔的工业化应用前景。
以上所述仅是对本发明的较佳实施方式而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施方式所做的任何简单修改，等同变化与修饰，均属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (1)
1.一种柔性全印刷量子点敏化太阳电池的制备，其特征在于按照以下步骤进行：将ITO/PEN柔性基底依次用去离子水和无水乙醇超声清洗5min，然后烘干，取ZnCuInSe量子点含量30mg与0.2g二氧化钛混合，分散于6.0mL含有1.0mL粘合剂的无水乙醇溶液，超声混合均匀后经过旋转蒸发除去多余的乙醇，得到量子点/二氧化钛复合浆料，将制备好的量子点/二氧化钛复合浆料采用丝网印刷工艺印刷于柔性ITO/PEN基底上，丝网印刷厚度控制在10μm，将制备好的量子点/二氧化钛复合浆料依次浸入醋酸锌和硫化钠溶液中各1min，循环4次，并用去离子水和无水乙醇吹干后即得光阳极膜，将光阳极膜依次浸入醋酸锌和硫化钠溶液中，并用去离子水和无水乙醇吹干，然后将电解液浆料丝网印刷到光阳极膜，静置后烘干，电解液浆料层干燥后即得固态电解质层，在其表层继续丝网印刷硫化亚铜复合对电极浆料，烘干后即得柔性全印刷量子点敏化太阳电池。
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