CN107917866A - A kind of centrifuge method and apparatus for measuring plant hydraulic conductivity - Google Patents
A kind of centrifuge method and apparatus for measuring plant hydraulic conductivity Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107917866A CN107917866A CN201610898775.4A CN201610898775A CN107917866A CN 107917866 A CN107917866 A CN 107917866A CN 201610898775 A CN201610898775 A CN 201610898775A CN 107917866 A CN107917866 A CN 107917866A
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- cuvette
- rotor
- stem section
- centrifuge
- hydraulic conductivity
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000005189 Embolism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004438 eyesight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144985 peep Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000037039 plant physiology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N2015/0846—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials by use of radiation, e.g. transmitted or reflected light
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of centrifuge method and apparatus for measuring plant hydraulic conductivity, includes the centrifuge of measurement xylophyta hydraulic conductivity, cuvette rotor, data acquisition and software.This centrifuge is divided by its function as camera unit, water injection unit, display operation unit, the unit that tests the speed, temperature conditioning unit and light source cell.Cuvette rotor includes rotor block, rotor cover plate assembly and handle；The rotor block is equipped with installation cuvette and the groove of plant stem section, and the both ends of groove are equipped with the hole of daylighting and draining；The rotor cover plate assembly includes the cover board coordinated with the disc portion, and cover board is equipped with the pipe to cuvette water filling, the inlet opening connected with pipe and the peephole for observing cuvette liquid level in groove；The handle is set on the cover board, and handle is equipped with the water inlet with inlet opening on cover board even.Using the centrifuge and cuvette rotor of present invention measurement plant hydraulic conductivity, Vulnerability curves are measured with centrifugal process, are to obtain plant drought resistance index (P50) most fast and most efficient method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to xylophyta study on drought resistance method and apparatus, and in particular to it is a kind of measure plant hydraulic conductivity from
Scheming method and apparatus.
Background technology
Plant drought Journal of Sex Research is measurement plant xylem hydraulic conductivity and embolism, and measures plant xylem vessel and resist
Hole ability (P50).The relation of plant physiology and plant moisture is analyzed, for assessing the drought-resistant ability of plant, assessment plant is frost-resistant
Freeze resistivity etc..The plant drought resistance research equipment applied at present has stemflow measuring system, it is sensed using energy balance
Device measures plant stem flow.Plant hydraulic conductivity high voltage testing device, it passes through plant roots and stems sample, root using supercharging technology driving current
Water resistance/hydraulic conductivity of sample is determined according to the index such as water flow pressure and the relation of flow velocity.Centrifuge method is measurement Genes For Plant Tolerance at present
Drought (P50) most fast and most efficient method, it is therefore necessary to develop the centrifuge system of measurement analysis plant hydraulic conductivity.
The content of the invention
The most time saving and energy saving system of plant water transport validity is measured the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of.Realize this hair
Improving eyesight use technical solution be：Technological innovation is carried out to existing centrifuge, develops cuvette rotor, slitless connection Cavitron
Measurement and analysis system.
As shown in the centrifuge system construction drawing of Fig. 3 measurement plant hydraulic conductivities：Centrifuge method measurement plant hydraulic conductivity
Centrifuge is divided into camera unit by its effect, and water injection unit, display operation unit, test the speed unit, temperature conditioning unit, light source cell and
Cuvette rotor.
1) effect of camera unit (2) is liquid level digital picture in collection cuvette, by image processing program, automatic meter
Calculate cuvette liquid level displacement distance Δ x and required time Δ t and mass flow F.It is by high-resolution and high transmission speed
Digital camera (or microscope), freely adjusts the stent and image processing program composition of position.Corresponding cuvette liquid level position exists
Centrifuge cover and rotor cover board are equipped with photographic system peephole (1).
2) effect of water injection unit is to the uniform and stable water supply of stem section base portion cuvette.It is by impregnator and water injection pipe group
Into in centrifuge cover and rotor center equipped with the water filling port (3) for specializing in water filling.
3) display operation unit such as Fig. 2, is touch-screen (4) operation display interface, and main interface shows setting speed, actual
Rotating speed, setting time, real time.Design temperature, actual temperature, sets rotor number, setting program group, sets raising speed, setting
The information such as reduction of speed, clock, menu.
4) unit is tested the speed by speed sensorless control motor start and stop, by the rotating speed stable speed operation of setting, completes cuvette
Plant stem section pressure differential Δ P test process in rotor.In operation, the rotating speed exported according to the Hall sensor of motor internal is believed
Number, the computing by control unit obtains actual speed value, and control unit is by the actual speed value of acquisition and the tachometer value that sets
It is compared, by the voltage and current of regulation motor, achievees the purpose that speed control.
5) temperature conditioning unit is used to automatically control refrigeration system, adjusts centrifugal chamber temperature, and specific temperature is maintained in centrifugal chamber
Spend environment.The temperature signal exported according to centrifugal chamber temp probe (5), actual temperature value is obtained by the computing of control unit,
When set temperature value is lower than actual temperature value, refrigeration system enters refrigeration work state, compares actual temperature in set temperature value
When being worth high, refrigeration system enters heating work state, by adjusting refrigeration system working status, reaches temperature controlled purpose.
6) light source cell is LED light (6), and by the aperture arranged in cuvette rotor circumference, photograph is provided to camera unit
It is bright.
7) exploitation of cuvette rotor (7) is solution centrifuge method measurement plant drought resistance index (P50) key.
Modern design, has high originality.
8) cuvette rotor includes rotor block, rotor cover plate assembly and handle；The rotor block is in funnel-form, on disc portion
Groove equipped with installation cuvette and plant stem section, the both ends of groove are equipped with the hole of daylighting and draining；The rotor cover plate assembly
Including coordinating the cover board for covering groove with the disc portion, cover board is equipped with and is connected to the pipe of cuvette water filling, with pipe
Inlet opening and observation groove in cuvette peephole；The handle is set on the cover board, handle be equipped with cover board into
The water inlet of water hole connection.
9) present invention additionally comprises two or four cuvette, be respectively equipped with cuvette has different distance with its bottom
Aperture.
10) osculum at the groove both ends is radially set along disc portion.
11) water inlet on the handle is funnel-shaped water inlet.
12) internal diameter of the cuvette is 1cm, the aperture on one of cuvette apart from its bottom 14mm, another
Aperture on cuvette is apart from its bottom 10mm.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
13) using the cuvette rotor of the present invention, Vulnerability curves are measured with centrifuge method, are to obtain plant drought resistance index
(P50) most fast and most efficient method.
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows the centrifuge operation display interface of the present invention
Fig. 2 shows the entity component figure of the present invention
Fig. 3 shows the front view of cuvette rotor of the present invention
Embodiment
See Fig. 3, cuvette rotor includes rotor block 1, rotor cover plate assembly, handle 4 and two cuvettes 5,9；Described turn
Daughter 1 include with centrifuge driving combine cone hole part 10 and disc portion 13, disc portion 13 be equipped with installation cuvette 5,9 and
The groove 12 of plant stem section 8, the both ends of groove 12 are radially provided with osculum D, E along disc portion；The rotor cover plate assembly includes
Coordinate the cover board 2 for covering groove 12 with the disc portion 13, cover board 2 be equipped with to cuvette 5,9 water fillings metal tube 3, with
Peephole B, C of cuvette 5,9 in the inlet opening A and observation groove 12 that metal tube 3 connects；The handle 4 is set on the cover board,
Handle 4 is equipped with the funnel-shaped water inlet 11 connected with the inlet opening A on cover board 2；The internal diameter of the cuvette 5,9 is 1cm,
Aperture a ', the b ' that there is different distance with its bottom are respectively equipped with two cuvettes 5,9, it is small on one of cuvette 5
Aperture bs ' of the hole a ' on its bottom 14mm, another cuvette 9 is apart from its bottom 10mm.Operation principle：
Cuvette rotor is a kind of by centrifugal action measurement plant stem section hydraulic conductivity (Kh) rotor.In centrifuge method
In, plant stem section 8 is placed in the center of centrifuge rotation axis, and 8 both ends of plant stem section are submerged in water.When plant stem section 8 with
During certain angular speed (ω) rotation, centrifugal force make it that the water in xylem bears certain negative pressure, negative pressure absolute value at shaft
T0Expression formula be
T0=0.5 ρ ω2R2
ρ is the density of water in formula, and R is the distance to rotation axis.In theory, T0Reduced with the increase of R, according to
This can speculate the tension distribution state under the action of the centrifugal force in stem section.Be stressed maximum (peak suction) at shaft, edge
Axial both ends gradually reduces, and is reduced to negative (positive pressure) to 8 end pressure of plant stem section submerged in water.
The present invention in use, 1 disc portion 13 of rotor block side set light source 6 it is corresponding with osculum D, E of groove 12,
Peep hole B, the C for setting microscope 7 to be aligned on disc portion 13 above the disc portion 13 of rotor block 1.By a root long about 27cm, directly
Footpath is that the plant stem section 8 of 5~7mm is put into the groove 12 on 1 disc portion 13 of rotor block.The both ends of plant stem section 8 are inserted into respectively
In two cuvettes 5,9, wherein the aperture a ' for being placed in the cuvette 5 of 8 base portion of stem section is placed in plant stem section 8 away from its bottom 14mm
The aperture b ' of the cuvette 9 at top only has 10mm away from its bottom.In 8 rotary course of plant stem section, light source 6 can be by colorimetric
The picture of water level (concave meniscus) is presented on the object lens of microscope 7 (or on automatic photography system) in ware 5,9.Then, in dark color
Background under, we can just see the white line that two bright concave meniscus are in by microscope 7.It is small by being installed on object lens
Scale can measure the distance between two concave meniscus.When water flows to top from 8 base portion of plant stem section, top cuvette 9
In water level it is constant because water is always from the aperture b ' outflows at 10mm.So being seen under microscope 7, higher concave meniscus is seemingly
It is directed towards fixed base portion concave meniscus movement.
In 8 rotary course of plant stem section, by metal tube on cover plate assembly 3 come the water filling into cuvette 5.Because base portion
Aperture a ' on cuvette 5 is higher (14mm) away from ware bottom, if the water filling into the cuvette 5, it becomes possible on stem section base portion and top
Pressure differential Δ P is formed between portion：
Δ P=0.25 ρ ω2[R2-(R-r)2]
R is distance of the spindle central to top cuvette in formula, and r is the water-head of two cuvettes.
Observed by microscope 7, the displacement distance of 8 base portion concave meniscus of plant stem section is denoted as Δ x, is surveyed by Cavitron
Amount and time Δ t. so current needed for analyzing software system program record concave meniscus displacement distance Δ x are from 8 base of plant stem section
Portion moves to mass flow F (the kg s at top-1) expression formula be：
F=10-3ρ(AC-AS)Δx/Δt
A in formulaCFor the cross-sectional area (i.e. 1cm2) of cuvette, ASFor the cross-sectional area of stem section base portion.
Stem section hydraulic conductivity KhFor：
Kh=FL/ Δs P
F is mass flow (kg s in formula-1), L is stem section length (m), and Δ P is the pressure difference at 8 both ends of plant stem section
(MPa)。
By obtaining the temperature in centrifuge, data, the computer such as angular velocity omega of rotor can calculate T and Δ P.By
It is metastable in the current under pressure state, when pressure T is bigger, bubble enters the possibility of xylem vessel or tracheid
It is bigger, once bubble enters, it may result in xylem vessel and form hole, hinder current to pass through.Because plant stem section 8 possesses number
Xylem vessel in the thousands, and different xylem vessels is induced T differences needed for hole, if gradually increase T's
Meanwhile by using cuvette rotor and centrifuge system, constantly measure Kh, it is possible to obtain by hydraulic conductivity loss PLC and T
The Vulnerability curves that relation represents.People's custom will cause 50% hydraulic conductivity (Kh) loss when pressure (P50) be used for characterizing plant
Anti-hole ability, the index are also used for the drought resistance for characterizing plant.The exploitation of cuvette rotor is to solve centrifuge method to survey
Measure plant drought resistance (P50) key.
Claims (8)
1. measuring the centrifuge method of xylophyta hydraulic conductivity, the centrifuge of measurement xylophyta hydraulic conductivity is a kind of measurement plant
The instrument of stem section " Vulnerability curves " (vulnerablity curves, VCs)；Vulnerability curves characterization is stem section hydraulic conductivity (Kh)
Lose and cause hydraulic conductivity loss tension force T relation；Centrifuge method is that cuvette rotor is used in centrifuge, it passes through
Centrifugal action measurement stem section hydraulic conductivity (Kh)；It is characterized in that plant stem section is placed in the center of centrifuge rotation axis, stem section both ends
It is immersed in the water of two ends of rotor cuvette；When stem section is rotated with a fixed angular speed, centrifugal force causes the water in xylem to hold
By certain negative pressure；By setting different liquid levels in the cuvette of stem section base portion and top so that stem section base portion and
Pressure differential Δ P is formed between top, water always flows to top from the higher stem section base portion of pressure；In stem section rotary course, light
The picture of water level in cuvette (concave meniscus) can be presented on microscopical object lens by source, see that two are become clear by microscopes
The concave meniscus white line that is in；Distance between two concave meniscus can be measured by installing small scale on object lens；Pass through
Data acquisition and analysis system can record stem section base portion concave meniscus displacement distance Δ x and required time Δ t；And calculate current
Mass flow F (the kg s at top are moved to from stem section base portion-1)；(F=10-3ρ (Ac-As) Δ x/ Δ t) and stem section hydraulic conductivity
(Kh)。(Kh=FL/ Δ P).
2. its feature of the centrifuge of measurement xylophyta hydraulic conductivity is divided by its function as camera unit, water injection unit, display operation
Unit, test the speed unit, temperature conditioning unit and light source cell.
3. measuring its feature of the centrifuge of xylophyta hydraulic conductivity includes Cavitron measurements and analysis system.
4. cuvette rotor is it is characterized in that including rotor block, rotor cover plate assembly and handle；The rotor block is in funnel-form, plate-like
Portion is equipped with installation cuvette and the groove of plant stem section, and the both ends of groove set the hole of daylighting and draining；The rotor cover board group
Part includes coordinating the cover board for covering groove with the disc portion, and cover board is equipped with the pipe to cuvette water filling, connects with pipe
The peephole of cuvette liquid level in logical inlet opening and observation groove；The handle is set on the cover board, and handle is equipped with and cover board
On inlet opening connection water inlet.
5. cuvette rotor according to claim 4, it is characterized in that including two or four cuvette, on cuvette respectively
Equipped with the aperture with its bottom with different distance.
6. cuvette rotor according to claim 5, it is characterized in that the daylighting at the groove both ends and the hole of draining are along disk
Shape portion is radially set.
7. cuvette rotor according to claim 6, it is characterized in that the water inlet on the handle is funnel-shaped water inlet.
8. cuvette rotor according to claim 7, it is characterized in that the internal diameter of the cuvette is 1cm, one of ratio
Aperture of the aperture on its bottom 14mm, another cuvette on color ware is apart from its bottom 10mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610898775.4A CN107917866A (en) | 2016-10-11 | 2016-10-11 | A kind of centrifuge method and apparatus for measuring plant hydraulic conductivity |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610898775.4A CN107917866A (en) | 2016-10-11 | 2016-10-11 | A kind of centrifuge method and apparatus for measuring plant hydraulic conductivity |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107917866A true CN107917866A (en) | 2018-04-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610898775.4A Pending CN107917866A (en) | 2016-10-11 | 2016-10-11 | A kind of centrifuge method and apparatus for measuring plant hydraulic conductivity |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109100280A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2018-12-28 | 东华理工大学 | A kind of multi-functional soil nature test macro |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203772841U (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-08-13 | 湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司 | Centrifuge rotor for measuring and analyzing plant stem flow |
-
2016
- 2016-10-11 CN CN201610898775.4A patent/CN107917866A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203772841U (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-08-13 | 湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司 | Centrifuge rotor for measuring and analyzing plant stem flow |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| YUJIE WANG ET AL.: "《Improved precision of hydraulic conductance measurements using a Cochard rotor in two different centrifuges》", 《THE JOURNAL OF PLANT HYDRAULICS》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109100280A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2018-12-28 | 东华理工大学 | A kind of multi-functional soil nature test macro |
| CN109100280B (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2021-01-29 | 东华理工大学 | Multifunctional soil property testing system |
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Application publication date: 20180417 |