CN107916650A - Step babinet ecological fishway system - Google Patents

Step babinet ecological fishway system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107916650A
CN107916650A CN201711497542.4A CN201711497542A CN107916650A CN 107916650 A CN107916650 A CN 107916650A CN 201711497542 A CN201711497542 A CN 201711497542A CN 107916650 A CN107916650 A CN 107916650A
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China
Prior art keywords
fish
babinet
box
rectangular box
ladder
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CN201711497542.4A
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CN107916650B (en
Inventor
张泽中
齐青青
任博
杜发东
刘发
刘英博
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North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power
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North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02BHYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B8/00Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
    • E02B8/08Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/60Ecological corridors or buffer zones

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

The combination passage formed is docked successively the invention discloses a kind of step babinet ecological fishway system, including by multiple ladder box units;Upper intake and slideway are set in rectangular box, lower inlet and outlet are provided with to lower-left apex angle in rectangular box downstream face;The lower intake of upstream step box unit docks fixation with the upper intake matching of adjacent downstream ladder box unit.Step babinet ecological fishway system structure cell cube of the present invention is staggered, and shortens fish pass length, reduces the time that fish cross dam, alleviate fish and cross the injury being subject to during dam.

Description

Step babinet ecological fishway system
Technical field:
Ecological fishway is the critical facility of eco-hydraulic engineering.The present invention relates to one kind to utilize floating body elevating gate, step Babinet energy dissipating is slowed down, while shortens the novel ecological fish pass of fish pass length, belongs to hydraulic engineering, ecological engineering field.
Background technology:
In order to meet the needs of rapid economic development, hydraulic power potentials is made full use of, many dams and burrock have been built in countries in the world. It is naturally connective that the hydraulic engineering constructions such as dam, burrock change river, have impact on the life of migratory and half migration fishes History is smoothed out.This not only results in the reduction of fish population quantity, even results in the extinction of part fish population.Implement weight Want the ecosystem to protect and repair Important Project, optimize ecological safe shelter zone system, build ecology corridor and bio-diversity is protected Protecting wire net network, can lift ecosystem quality and stability.Rivers are important ecology corridors, more to pay attention to rivers ecosystem The protection of system, makes reservoir dam not only become flood control, supply water, the important leverage of the energy, more to become the weight of rivers ecology corridor Want carrier.Therefore, fish and other aquatic species are helped to complete the Ecological Compensation work of free migration by river barrier Journey measure is come into being.
Fish pass is a kind of important engineering measure for protecting water biological species resource.The longest fish of head highest, length in the world Road is Bei Cha dams (North Fork) fish pass (hoisting depth 60m, total length 2 that the U.S. is built in the 1950s respectively 700m) pause fish pass (lifting high 57.5m, 4 800m of total length) with Paar.According to incompletely statistics, America & Canada has been built respectively Kind fish pass structure more than 200,100 or so, Europe, about 35, Japan, the former Soviet Union about 15, wherein more famous fish Tang Gelande dams fish pass of the Bang Naweier dams fish pass in the Dao You U.S., Canadian terrible door gorge fish pass and Britain etc..To 20 Late period in century, fish pass quantity substantially rise, and have nearly 400 in North America, Japanese then have more than 1 400 seats, wherein higher, longer Fish pass be respectively the U.S. Bei Cha dams fish pass(Climb altitude 60m)With Paar fish pass(Total length 4.8km).The master of external fish pass Fish object of wanting, which is generally salmon (salmon) and trout (trout) etc., has the migration fishes of higher economic value.They Usually live in the higher area of latitude (such as North America, Northern Europe, Russia, Japan the north, the Heilungkiang in China northeast and Jilin two The river emptying into the sea of province), grown in seawater, spawning and hatching in fresh water.These fish individuals are larger, overcome the ability of flow velocity very By force, it is also preferable to the adaptability of Complex Flow Status.The main fish object of crossing of domestic fish pass is generally precious fish, cyprinid fish and shrimp The seedling such as crab.China in 1958 devises fish pass, maximum head about 18m first in the Qi Lilong power stations of Zhejiang Fuchunjiang River;60 years In generation, has built more than 30 fish pass such as carp port, Dou Longgang, peaceful lock on the ground such as Heilungkiang and Jiangsu respectively again.According to incomplete system Meter, at present China more than 40, built fish pass in all kinds of hydraulic engineerings.Built fish pass is arranged in coastal riverine Plain mostly On the low water head gate dam in area, therefore base slope is relatively slow, and hoisting depth is also little, generally in l0m or so.
China is based on the fish pass of vertical vertical seam type and imitative nature passage at present.The corresponding height of dam model of vertical vertical seam type fish channel Enclose relatively extensively, and fish pass length and height of dam correlation, i.e. height of dam is higher, and fish pass is longer, by increasing the reduction of fish pass length The gradient, the requirement of limited flow rate is reached with this.Vertical vertical seam type fish channel effect of energy dissipation is preferable, adapts to larger SEA LEVEL VARIATION, together Shi Shiying inhabits the fish migration demand of top layer and bottom, therefore Canada, the U.S. and Australia are all widely adopted. But vertical vertical seam type fish channel be easy to cause the bending of current and chaotic Phenomena in the room of pond, due to lacking to vertical seam type fish channel water Fluidised form and the habit of river swimming fish class and understanding in depth for behavior are flowed, most of fish pass is result in attracting effect and keeps passageway fish Class muscle power and the growth course aspect for continuing passageway fish have the defects of larger, meanwhile, fish pass is also without the local fish pair of satisfaction The requirement of velocity flow pattern, because table directly results in the most of fish pass in China, to build up rear operational effect undesirable for these.Imitative nature mistake Fish passage is bordering on the flow-shape of natural river by structure, forms artificial ecology corridor, has the function of that ecology is most seen, is The good habitat of fish.Imitative fish passage of crossing naturally leads to that the fish scope that passes through is wide, construction cost is low with being applicable in.It is but imitative Naturally it is big to cross fish passage area occupied, there need to be suitable landform;Easily dry up during low water level, need bottom to close, structure is in flood, ice Easily going to pot, it is necessary to which periodic maintenance, maintenance cost are slightly higher under the extreme conditions such as jelly.The cell wall and groove of Denier formula fish pass sink Bottom is equipped with baffle-wall and bottom sill, and flow is larger, can improve the condition that downstream attracts fish, but flow turbulence is violent, fluctuation of water table Bad adaptability, be only suitable for the more aggressive fish of Burden-Swimming Ability of KM;Overflow weir-type fish pass (way) makes fish from weir crest by the way that overcurrent is relatively flat Surely, but energy dissipating is insufficient, the bad adaptability of fluctuation of water table, is only suitable for liking in top layer migration and having the fish of jump habit;Flood Do not have outlet type fish pass fish pass to flood the better performances under water, adapting to fluctuation of water table, but energy dissipating is not abundant enough, relies primarily on Dispersion of flow carrys out energy dissipating, and aperture is arranged in the middle low layer of fish pass, is only suitable for liking the large and medium-sized fish in bottom migration.
Using traditional fish pass design that vertical vertical seam type is representative due to lacking to the understanding in terms of ecology, and so that being designed to To fish pass eventually become ornaments;With imitate nature cross the environmental fish pass that fish passage leads to for representative do not take into full account it is economical, Shape problem, fails sufficiently to realize the function of environmental fish pass.
The content of the invention:
The present invention proposes that a kind of slow down using floating body elevating gate, the energy dissipating of step babinet is characteristic, while shortens fish pass length The novel ecological fish pass of degree.In order to give full play to fish pass function, protect the fish resources, safeguard river bio-diversity.
In order to achieve the purpose that the technical solution of invention use:A kind of step babinet ecological fishway system, including by multiple Ladder box unit docks the combination passage of composition successively;The ladder box unit includes rectangular box, in rectangular box upstream face Upper right corner position be provided with upper intake, be connected between the base of upper intake and rectangular box downstream side Tablet is as upper inlet turntable;Along upper intake access ramp is provided between the apex angle of lower-left diagonally downward;In access ramp Inclined plate is connected between base and rectangular box downstream face as slideway;Positioned at the access ramp base of rectangular box upstream face or top Lock groove is respectively arranged with side, the float push-pull type gate that can be folded and can be unfolded is installed in lock groove, is pushed away in the floating body The upper end of pull-type gate is connected with traction floating body;Meanwhile lower inlet and outlet are provided with to lower-left apex angle in rectangular box downstream face, Tablet is connected between the base of lower inlet and outlet and rectangular box upstream side as lower inlet turntable;The upper end of the slideway and Lower end connects upper inlet turntable and lower inlet turntable respectively;The lower intake of upstream step box unit and adjacent downstream ladder case The upper intake matching docking of unit is fixed.
The ladder box unit for forming the combination passage is symmetrical two kinds of construction unit bodies, two kinds of symmetrical ladder packing lists In member, the lower intake of upstream step box unit docks solid with the upper intake matching of adjacent downstream ladder box unit It is fixed.
The conjoined structure that the float push-pull type gate is made of multiple brake linings hinged successively;Each brake lining Shaft top and bottom are separately installed with roller, and roller Matching installation is in lock groove;Or each brake lining it is centrally disposed upwards and to Under have outrigger shaft, each outrigger shaft is separately installed with roller, and roller Matching installation is in lock groove.
Beneficial effect:Step babinet ecological fishway system of the present invention includes floating body lifting gate and step crosses fish pass.Floating body Lifting gate carries out the lifting of gate, ecological energy-saving by being formed including floating body and plug-type gate, using the buoyancy of floating body.Floating body Larger hydraulic pressure can be born, and can be changed with the SEA LEVEL VARIATION of dam upstream, plug-type gate is connected with floating body and floods a depthkeeping Degree, when dam SEA LEVEL VARIATION changes, can keep plug-type gate upper end to have certain discharge capacity.Utilize multistage step babinet Turntable, carries out energy dissipating to reach the right-angled bend of current, suitable attracting flow velocity and fluidised form is manufactured, so that fish cross dam, fish Class can also take a break in turntable;Slideway is added, avoids high speed water from causing oxygen over-saturation when dirty, causes fish Suffer from bubble illness, be especially in the fish of mating period, and serious harm can be brought to other aquatiles.Step babinet Ecological fishway system is made of step babinet ecological fishway system structure cell cube.Step babinet ecological fishway system structure unit Body is staggered, and shortens fish pass length, reduces the time that fish cross dam, alleviate fish and cross the injury being subject to during dam.
Brief description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 is the ladder box unit structure diagram of step babinet ecological fishway system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is step babinet ecological fishway System planes figure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is symmetrical ladder box unit docking operation schematic diagram of the invention.
One of step babinet ecological fishway system structure diagram that Fig. 4 is made of Fig. 3 docking.
Fig. 5 is step babinet ecological fishway system side view of the present invention.
The two of the step babinet ecological fishway system structure diagram that Fig. 6 is made of Fig. 3 docking.
Figure label:1 is upper intake, and 2 be upper inlet turntable, and 3 be slideway, and 4 be float push-pull type gate, and 5 be lock Groove, 6 be lower inlet turntable, and 7 be lower inlet and outlet, and 8 be traction floating body, and 9a is ladder box unit one, and 9b is ladder box unit two, 10 For access ramp.
Embodiment:
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
Embodiment 1:The first step babinet ecological fishway system, referring to shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, including by multiple ladder box units The combination passage of composition is docked successively.
Wherein, ladder box unit is shown in Figure 1, including rectangular box, in the upper right apex angle position of rectangular box upstream face Install and be equipped with upper intake 1, tablet is connected between the base of upper intake 1 and rectangular box downstream side as upper Import turntable 2.
Along upper intake 1 diagonally downward to being provided with access ramp 10 between the apex angle of lower-left.The base of access ramp 10 with Inclined plate is connected between rectangular box downstream face as slideway 3.
Lock groove 5 is respectively arranged with 10 base of access ramp of rectangular box upstream face or top margin, the installation in lock groove 5 There is the float push-pull type gate 4 that can be folded and can be unfolded, traction floating body 8 is connected with the upper end of the float push-pull type gate 4.
Meanwhile lower inlet and outlet 7 are provided with to lower-left apex angle in rectangular box downstream face, in the base of lower inlet and outlet 7 and square Tablet is connected between shape babinet upstream side as lower inlet turntable 6.
The top and bottom of slideway 3 connect upper inlet turntable 2 and lower inlet turntable 6 respectively.
In the present embodiment, the ladder box unit for forming the combination passage is symmetrical two kinds of construction unit bodies, referring to Fig. 3 It is shown, in two kinds of symmetrical ladder box units, lower intake and the adjacent downstream ladder box unit of upstream step box unit Upper intake 1 matching docking fix.It is shown in Figure 2, the ladder box unit composition structure of this symmetrical two kinds of models It is the form only extended up and down in same position, is adapted to relatively narrow waters.
Embodiment 2:On the basis of embodiment 1, lower intake and the adjacent downstream ladder packing list of upstream step box unit The matching docking of upper intake 1 of member is fixed, and is referring to described in Fig. 5, the ladder box unit of this model of the same race forms structure The form widened in inclination, is adapted to wider waters.
The conjoined structure that the float push-pull type gate 4 is made of multiple brake linings hinged successively;Each brake lining Shaft top and bottom be separately installed with roller, roller Matching installation is in lock groove 5;Or each brake lining it is centrally disposed upwards and There is outrigger shaft downwards, each outrigger shaft is separately installed with roller, and roller Matching installation is in lock groove 5.
Embodiment 3:Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, two parts of fish pass are crossed by body float push-pull type gate 4 and step and are formed.Floating body Gate 4 is pushed and pulled by including floating body and plug-type gate, when water surface water level changes, drives gate can be by the buoyancy of floating body Lifting in lock groove 5, to control current.Current enter step babinet by gate or upper intake 1, upper inlet turntable 2 with Slideway 3 is connected at a right angle, and lower inlet turntable 6 is also connected with slideway 3, and current right-angled bend carries out energy dissipating, manufactures suitable attracting Flow velocity and fluidised form, so that fish cross dam, fish can also take a break in turntable;Water causes oxygen super full when dirty With cause fish to suffer from bubble illness, be especially in the fish of mating period, add slideway 3, it is right to alleviate water oxygen supersaturation Fish and other aquatiles bring serious harm.Step babinet ecological fishway system is by step babinet ecological fishway system knot Structure cell cube forms.Step babinet ecological fishway system structure cell cube is staggered, in lower intake 7 and next step Babinet ecological fishway system structure cell cube is connected, and so on, shorten fish pass length, reduce the time that fish cross dam, subtract Light fish cross the injury being subject to during dam.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of step babinet ecological fishway system, it is characterized in that:Including docking the group formed successively by multiple ladder box units Close passage;The ladder box unit includes rectangular box, is provided with and passes in and out in the upper right corner position of rectangular box upstream face The mouth of a river, is connected with tablet as upper inlet turntable between the base of upper intake and rectangular box downstream side;Along enterprising Water outlet is provided with access ramp between the apex angle of lower-left diagonally downward;Connect between the base of access ramp and rectangular box downstream face Inclined plate is connected to as slideway;Lock groove is respectively arranged with the access ramp base of rectangular box upstream face or top margin, in lock groove The float push-pull type gate that can be folded and can be unfolded inside is installed, it is floating that traction is connected with the upper end of the float push-pull type gate Body;Meanwhile lower inlet and outlet are provided with to lower-left apex angle in rectangular box downstream face, on the base and rectangular box of lower inlet and outlet Trip is connected with tablet as lower inlet turntable between side;The top and bottom of the slideway connect upper inlet turntable with respectively Import turntable;The lower intake of upstream step box unit is docked with the upper intake matching of adjacent downstream ladder box unit It is fixed.
2. step babinet ecological fishway system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:Form the ladder of the combination passage Box unit is symmetrical two kinds of construction unit bodies, in two kinds of symmetrical ladder box units, the lower Inlet and outlet water of upstream step box unit Mouth docks fixation with the upper intake matching of adjacent downstream ladder box unit.
3. step babinet ecological fishway system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:The float push-pull type gate be by The conjoined structure of hinged multiple brake linings composition successively;The shaft top and bottom of each brake lining are separately installed with roller, Roller Matching installation is in lock groove;Or each brake lining is centrally disposed outrigger shaft up and down, each outrigger shaft is separately installed with Roller, roller Matching installation is in lock groove.
CN201711497542.4A 2017-12-31 2017-12-31 Ecological fishway system of step box Active CN107916650B (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109083084A (en) * 2018-07-27 2018-12-25 肖政宏 A kind of auxiliary shoal of fish enters sill may upstream device
CN112502089A (en) * 2020-12-08 2021-03-16 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 Fish lifting machine system and method suitable for mountainous regions and river valleys
WO2023169428A1 (en) * 2022-03-07 2023-09-14 安徽理工大学 Stepped, paired vertically reciprocating combined type fishway and fish passage method

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100939562B1 (en) * 2009-06-19 2010-01-29 이성우 Multi-stage spiral fish way
CN101638889A (en) * 2008-12-17 2010-02-03 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 Step-type fish passage facilities suitable for steep slope of high dam and control method
KR20110116100A (en) * 2011-09-14 2011-10-25 기인서 Fish way for movement of fishes with variable water level
CN104099910A (en) * 2014-07-02 2014-10-15 三峡大学 Fishway with automatically-lifting water level
CN204959707U (en) * 2015-07-22 2016-01-13 河海大学 Ecological fishway of multiple -step type
CN106149646A (en) * 2016-08-25 2016-11-23 上海交通大学 Waterwheel-type fish pass

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101638889A (en) * 2008-12-17 2010-02-03 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 Step-type fish passage facilities suitable for steep slope of high dam and control method
KR100939562B1 (en) * 2009-06-19 2010-01-29 이성우 Multi-stage spiral fish way
KR20110116100A (en) * 2011-09-14 2011-10-25 기인서 Fish way for movement of fishes with variable water level
CN104099910A (en) * 2014-07-02 2014-10-15 三峡大学 Fishway with automatically-lifting water level
CN204959707U (en) * 2015-07-22 2016-01-13 河海大学 Ecological fishway of multiple -step type
CN106149646A (en) * 2016-08-25 2016-11-23 上海交通大学 Waterwheel-type fish pass

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109083084A (en) * 2018-07-27 2018-12-25 肖政宏 A kind of auxiliary shoal of fish enters sill may upstream device
CN109083084B (en) * 2018-07-27 2020-06-02 汪信凯 Device for assisting fish shoal to enter upstream of river dam
CN112502089A (en) * 2020-12-08 2021-03-16 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 Fish lifting machine system and method suitable for mountainous regions and river valleys
WO2023169428A1 (en) * 2022-03-07 2023-09-14 安徽理工大学 Stepped, paired vertically reciprocating combined type fishway and fish passage method

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