CN208151988U - Step cabinet ecological fishway system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of step cabinet ecological fishway systems, including successively docking the combination channel formed by multiple ladder box units；Upper intake and slideway are set in rectangular box, lower inlet and outlet are provided with to lower-left apex angle in rectangular box downstream face；The lower intake of upstream step box unit docks fixation with the matching of the upper intake of adjacent downstream ladder box unit.The utility model step cabinet ecological fishway system structure cell cube is staggered, and shortens fish pass length, reduces the time that fish cross dam, alleviate fish and cross the injury being subject to when dam.

Description

Step cabinet ecological fishway system

Technical field：

Ecological fishway is the critical facility of eco-hydraulic engineering.Floating body elevating lock is utilized the utility model relates to a kind of Door, step cabinet energy dissipating slow down, while shortening the novel ecological fish pass of fish pass length, belong to hydraulic engineering, ecological engineering field.

Background technique：

In order to meet the needs of rapid economic development, make full use of hydraulic power potentials, countries in the world built many dams and Burrock.The hydraulic engineering constructions such as dam, burrock change the natural connectivity in river, affect migratory and half migration fishes The history of life goes on smoothly.This not only results in the reduction of fish population quantity, even results in the extinction of part fish population.River River is important ecology corridor, more to pay attention to the protection of the rivers ecosystem, make reservoir dam not only and become flood control, water supply, The important leverage of the energy will more become the important carrier of rivers ecology corridor.Therefore, fish and other aquatic species are helped It is come into being by the Ecological Compensation engineering measure that river barrier completes free migration.

Fish pass is a kind of important engineering measure for protecting water biological species resource.The longest fish of head highest, length in the world Road is the dam Bei Cha (North Fork) fish pass (hoisting depth 60m, overall length 2 that the U.S. is built in the 1950s respectively 700m) and Paar pauses fish pass (promoting high 57.5m, 4 800m of overall length).According to incompletely statistics, America & Canada has been built respectively Kind fish pass structure 200 or more, 100 or so, Europe, about 35, Japan, the former Soviet Union about 15, wherein more famous fish The dam the Bang Naweier fish pass in the U.S. Dao You, Canadian terrible door gorge fish pass and the dam the Tang Gelande fish pass of Britain etc..To 20 Advanced stage in century, fish pass quantity obviously rise, and have nearly 400 in North America, Japanese then have more than 1 400 seats, wherein higher, longer Fish pass be respectively the U.S. the dam Bei Cha fish pass（Climb altitude 60m）With Paar fish pass（Overall length 4.8km）.The master of external fish pass Fish object of wanting is generally the migration fishes that salmon (salmon) and trout (trout) etc. have higher economic value.They Usually live in the higher area of latitude (such as North America, Northern Europe, Russia, Japan the north, the Heilungkiang in China northeast and Jilin two The river emptying into the sea of province), it is grown in seawater, spawning and hatching in fresh water.These fish individuals are larger, overcome the ability of flow velocity very By force, also preferable to the adaptability of Complex Flow Status.The main fish object of crossing of domestic fish pass is generally precious fish, cyprinid fish and shrimp The seedling such as crab.China in 1958 devises fish pass, maximum head about 18m for the first time in the power station Qi Lilong of Zhejiang Fuchunjiang River；60 years In generation, has built more than 30 fish pass such as carp port, Dou Longgang, peaceful lock on the ground such as Heilungkiang and Jiangsu respectively again.According to incomplete system It counts, at present China's 40, built fish pass or more in all kinds of hydraulic engineerings.Built fish pass is arranged in coastal riverine Plain mostly On the low water head gate dam in area, therefore base slope is relatively slow, and hoisting depth is also little, generally in l0m or so.

China is based on vertical vertical seam type and the fish pass in imitative nature channel at present.The corresponding height of dam model of vertical vertical seam type fish channel It encloses relatively extensively, and fish pass length and height of dam correlation, i.e. height of dam is higher, and fish pass is longer, passes through and increases the reduction of fish pass length The gradient reaches the requirement of limited flow rate with this.Vertical vertical seam type fish channel effect of energy dissipation is preferable, adapts to larger SEA LEVEL VARIATION, together Shi Shiying inhabits the fish migration demand of surface layer and bottom, therefore Canada, the U.S. and Australia are all widely adopted. But vertical vertical seam type fish channel be easy to cause the bending and chaotic Phenomena of water flow in the room of pond, due to lacking to vertical seam type fish channel water Fluidised form and the habit of river swimming fish class and understanding in depth for behavior are flowed, result in most of fish pass in attracting effect and keeps passageway fish Class physical strength and the growth course aspect for continuing passageway fish have biggish defect, meanwhile, fish pass is also without meeting local fish pair The requirement of velocity flow pattern, because table directly results in the most of fish pass in China, to build up rear operational effect undesirable for these.Imitative nature mistake Fish channel is bordering on the flow-shape of natural river by building, forms artificial ecology corridor, has the function of that ecology is most seen, is The good habitat of fish.It is imitative to cross fish channel naturally logical the fish range that passes through is wide, construction cost is low with being applicable in.But it is imitative Naturally it is big to cross fish channel area occupied, there need to be suitable landform；It is easy to dry up when low water level, needs bottom to close, structure is in flood, ice Easily going to pot under the extreme conditions such as jelly, needs periodic maintenance, maintenance cost is slightly higher.The cell wall and slot of Denier formula fish pass sink Bottom is equipped with baffle-wall and bottom sill, and flow is larger, can improve the condition that downstream attracts fish, but flow turbulence is violent, fluctuation of water table Bad adaptability, be only suitable for the more aggressive fish of Burden-Swimming Ability of KM；Overflow weir-type fish pass (way) passes through fish from weir crest, and overcurrent is relatively flat Surely, but energy dissipating is insufficient, the bad adaptability of fluctuation of water table, is only suitable for liking in surface layer migration and having the fish of jump habit；It floods Do not have outlet type fish pass fish pass to flood the better performances for adapting to fluctuation of water table under water, but energy dissipating is not enough, and is relied primarily on Dispersion of flow carrys out energy dissipating, and aperture is arranged in the middle low layer of fish pass, is only suitable for liking the large and medium-sized fish in bottom migration.

It is the design of traditional fish pass of representative due to lacking to the understanding in terms of ecology using vertical vertical seam type, and to be designed To fish pass eventually become ornaments；With imitate nature cross the environmental fish pass that fish channel leads to for representative do not fully consider it is economical, Shape problem fails the function of adequately realizing environmental fish pass.

Utility model content：

It is characteristic the utility model proposes a kind of slowed down using floating body elevating gate, step cabinet energy dissipating, contracts simultaneously The novel ecological fish pass of short fish pass length.In order to give full play to fish pass function, protects the fish resources, safeguard river two packing spaces Property.

In order to achieve the purpose that the technical solution of utility model use：A kind of step cabinet ecological fishway system, including by Multiple ladder box units successively dock the combination channel of composition；The ladder box unit includes rectangular box, in rectangular box The upper right corner position in trip face is provided with upper intake, connects between the bottom edge and rectangular box downstream side of upper intake Plate is connected to as upper inlet turntable；Access ramp is provided between the apex angle of lower-left diagonally downward along upper intake；Tiltedly leading to Inclined plate is connected with as slideway between the bottom edge and rectangular box downstream face in road；Positioned at the access ramp bottom edge of rectangular box upstream face Or lock slot is respectively arranged on top margin, and the float push-pull type gate that can be folded and can be unfolded is installed in lock slot, it is floating at this The upper end of the plug-type gate of body is connected with traction floating body；Meanwhile lower disengaging is provided with to lower-left apex angle in rectangular box downstream face Mouthful, plate is connected with as lower inlet turntable between the bottom edge and rectangular box upstream side of lower inlet and outlet；The slideway Top and bottom are separately connected upper inlet turntable and lower inlet turntable；The lower intake and adjacent downstream of upstream step box unit The upper intake matching docking of ladder box unit is fixed.

The ladder box unit for forming the combination channel is symmetrical two kinds of structural unit bodies, two kinds of symmetrical ladder packing lists In member, the lower intake of upstream step box unit docks solid with the matching of the upper intake of adjacent downstream ladder box unit It is fixed.

The conjoined structure that the float push-pull type gate is made of successively hinged multiple brake linings；Each brake lining Shaft top and bottom are separately installed with idler wheel, and idler wheel Matching installation is in lock slot；Or the setting of each brake lining center upwards and to Under have outrigger shaft, each outrigger shaft is separately installed with idler wheel, and idler wheel Matching installation is in lock slot.

Beneficial effect：The utility model step cabinet ecological fishway system includes that floating body lifting gate and step cross fish pass. Floating body lifting gate carries out the lifting of gate, ecological energy-saving using the buoyancy of floating body by including that floating body and plug-type gate are formed. Floating body can bear larger hydraulic pressure, and can change with the SEA LEVEL VARIATION of dam upstream, and plug-type gate is connected with floating body and floods one Depthkeeping degree, when dam SEA LEVEL VARIATION changes, being able to maintain plug-type gate upper end has certain discharge capacity.Utilize multistage step Cabinet turntable carries out energy dissipating to reach the right-angled bend of water flow, suitable attracting flow velocity and fluidised form is manufactured, in favor of fish mistake Dam, fish can also take a break in turntable；Slideway is added, high speed water is avoided to cause oxygen over-saturation when dirty, is caused So that fish is suffered from bubble illness, is especially in the fish of mating period, and serious harm can be brought to other aquatiles.Ladder Grade cabinet ecological fishway system is made of step cabinet ecological fishway system structure cell cube.Step cabinet ecological fishway system knot Structure cell cube is staggered, and shortens fish pass length, reduces the time that fish cross dam, alleviate fish and cross the wound being subject to when dam Evil.

Detailed description of the invention：

Fig. 1 is the ladder box unit structural schematic diagram of the utility model step cabinet ecological fishway system.

Fig. 2 is the utility model step cabinet ecological fishway System planes figure.

Fig. 3 is the symmetrical ladder box unit docking operation schematic diagram of the utility model.

Fig. 4 docks one of the step cabinet ecological fishway system structure diagram formed by Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is the utility model step cabinet ecological fishway system side view.

The two of the step cabinet ecological fishway system structure diagram that Fig. 6 is made of Fig. 3 docking.

Figure label：1 is upper intake, and 2 be upper inlet turntable, and 3 be slideway, and 4 be float push-pull type gate, and 5 be lock Slot, 6 be lower inlet turntable, 7 be lower inlet and outlet, 8 for traction floating body, 9a be ladder box unit one, 9b be ladder box unit two, 10 For access ramp.

Specific embodiment：

The utility model is described further with reference to the accompanying drawing

Embodiment 1：The first step cabinet ecological fishway system, referring to fig. 2 and shown in Fig. 4, including by multiple ladder casees Unit successively docks the combination channel of composition.

Wherein, ladder box unit is shown in Figure 1, including rectangular box, in the upper right apex angle position of rectangular box upstream face It installs and is equipped with upper intake 1, be connected with plate as upper between the bottom edge and rectangular box downstream side of upper intake 1 Import turntable 2.

Along upper intake 1 diagonally downward to being provided with access ramp 10 between the apex angle of lower-left.Access ramp 10 bottom edge with Inclined plate is connected between rectangular box downstream face as slideway 3.

It is respectively arranged with lock slot 5 on 10 bottom edge of access ramp of rectangular box upstream face or top margin, is installed in lock slot 5 There is the float push-pull type gate 4 that can be folded and can be unfolded, is connected with traction floating body 8 in the upper end of the float push-pull type gate 4.

Meanwhile lower inlet and outlet 7 are provided with to lower-left apex angle in rectangular box downstream face, bottom edge and square in lower inlet and outlet 7 Plate is connected between shape cabinet upstream side as lower inlet turntable 6.

The top and bottom of slideway 3 are separately connected upper inlet turntable 2 and lower inlet turntable 6.

In the present embodiment, the ladder box unit for forming the combination channel is symmetrical two kinds of structural unit bodies, referring to Fig. 3 It is shown, in two kinds of symmetrical ladder box units, lower intake and the adjacent downstream ladder box unit of upstream step box unit Upper intake 1 matching docking fix.It is shown in Figure 2, the ladder box unit composed structure of this symmetrical two kinds of models It is the form only extended up and down in same position, is suitble to relatively narrow waters.

Embodiment 2：On that basis of example 1, the lower intake of upstream step box unit and adjacent downstream ladder packing list The matching docking of upper intake 1 of member is fixed, and referring to described in Fig. 5, the ladder box unit composed structure of this model of the same race is The form widened in inclination, is suitble to wider waters.

The conjoined structure that the float push-pull type gate 4 is made of successively hinged multiple brake linings；Each brake lining Shaft top and bottom be separately installed with idler wheel, idler wheel Matching installation is in lock slot 5；Or the setting of each brake lining center upwards and There is outrigger shaft downwards, each outrigger shaft is separately installed with idler wheel, and idler wheel Matching installation is in lock slot 5.

Embodiment 3：Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, two parts of fish pass are crossed by body float push-pull type gate 4 and step to form.Floating body Gate 4 is pushed and pulled by including floating body and plug-type gate, when water surface water level changes, drives gate can be by the buoyancy of floating body Lifting in lock slot 5, to control water flow.Water flow enters step cabinet by gate or upper intake 1, upper inlet turntable 2 with Slideway 3 is connected at right angle, and lower inlet turntable 6 is also connected with slideway 3, and water flow right-angled bend carries out energy dissipating, manufactures suitable attracting Flow velocity and fluidised form, so that fish cross dam, fish can also take a break in turntable；Water causes oxygen super full when dirty With cause fish to suffer from bubble illness, be especially in the fish of mating period, add slideway 3, it is right to alleviate water oxygen supersaturation Fish and other aquatiles bring serious harm.Step cabinet ecological fishway system is by step cabinet ecological fishway system knot Structure cell cube composition.Step cabinet ecological fishway system structure cell cube is staggered, in lower intake 7 and next step Cabinet ecological fishway system structure cell cube is connected, and so on, shorten fish pass length, reduces the time that fish cross dam, subtract Light fish cross the injury being subject to when dam.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of step cabinet ecological fishway system, it is characterized in that：Including successively docking the group formed by multiple ladder box units Close channel；The ladder box unit includes rectangular box, and the upper right corner position of rectangular box upstream face is provided with upper disengaging The mouth of a river is connected with plate as upper inlet turntable between the bottom edge and rectangular box downstream side of upper intake；Along enterprising Water outlet is provided with access ramp between the apex angle of lower-left diagonally downward；Connect between the bottom edge and rectangular box downstream face of access ramp Inclined plate is connected to as slideway；Lock slot is respectively arranged on the access ramp bottom edge of rectangular box upstream face or top margin, in lock slot The float push-pull type gate that can be folded and can be unfolded inside is installed, it is floating to be connected with traction in the upper end of the float push-pull type gate Body；Meanwhile lower inlet and outlet are provided with to lower-left apex angle in rectangular box downstream face, on the bottom edge and rectangular box of lower inlet and outlet Trip is connected with plate as lower inlet turntable between side；The top and bottom of the slideway are separately connected upper inlet turntable under Import turntable；The lower intake of upstream step box unit docks solid with the matching of the upper intake of adjacent downstream ladder box unit It is fixed.

2. step cabinet ecological fishway system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Form the ladder in the combination channel Box unit is symmetrical two kinds of structural unit bodies, in two kinds of symmetrical ladder box units, the lower Inlet and outlet water of upstream step box unit Mouth docks fixation with the matching of the upper intake of adjacent downstream ladder box unit.

3. step cabinet ecological fishway system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The float push-pull type gate be by The successively conjoined structure of hinged multiple brake linings composition；The shaft top and bottom of each brake lining are separately installed with idler wheel, Idler wheel Matching installation is in lock slot；Or each brake lining center setting has outrigger shaft up and down, each outrigger shaft is separately installed with Idler wheel, idler wheel Matching installation is in lock slot.