CN107916563A - 一种防油阻燃织物及其整理工艺 - Google Patents

一种防油阻燃织物及其整理工艺 Download PDF

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CN107916563A
CN107916563A CN201711382219.2A CN201711382219A CN107916563A CN 107916563 A CN107916563 A CN 107916563A CN 201711382219 A CN201711382219 A CN 201711382219A CN 107916563 A CN107916563 A CN 107916563A
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宋永秀
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种防油阻燃真丝织物及其整理工艺，所述工艺通过对真丝织物进行改性处理，赋予其防油及阻燃的功能。与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：（1）本发明所述工艺整理获得的真丝织物油滴无法浸润，容易除去，具有明显的防油污功能；（2）本发明所述真丝织物表面阻燃性能稳定持久，经长时间或多次数水洗后极限氧指数未见下降。

Description

一种防油阻燃织物及其整理工艺
技术领域
本发明属于纺织技术领域，涉及一种真丝织物的改性，具体为一种防油阻燃真丝织物及其整理工艺。
背景技术
真丝纤维是一种蛋白质纤维，蛋白质纤维是有机含氮高分子物，分子量高结构复杂，但其组成元素并不多，一般蛋白质中含有碳50-55%、氢6-7%、氧20-30%、氮12-19%和少量的硫以及微量的金属元素。由于其结构中本身有较高的含氮量、含硫量，较低的含氢量，以及标准条件下较高的回潮率，与其他纤维相比，蛋白质纤维已经具有一定的难燃性质，如：真丝织物的极限氧指数为23%左右，但是这仍然满足不了目前对某些纺织品越来越严格的阻燃水平的要求。
现有技术中，纺织品阻燃性能的获得主要有三种方式：一是直接生产阻燃纤维，二是对纺织品进行阻燃后整理，三是根据需要将上述两种方法有效结合起来。目前对真丝织物阻燃性能的赋予常采用阻燃涂层涂覆的方式，该种方式在前期效果非常好，但是当织物面料经水洗或有机溶剂清洗后即会导致阻燃功能的破坏。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：为了克服现有技术的缺陷，获得一种油滴无法浸润，阻燃效果好，且经水洗后阻燃效果稳定持久的真丝织物整理方法，本发明提供了一种防油阻燃真丝织物及其整理工艺。
技术方案：一种防油阻燃真丝织物的整理工艺，所述工艺包括以下步骤：
（1）将真丝织物、碱和酰化剂在催化剂作用下发生酰化反应，得到真丝大分子引发剂，所述碱为碳酸氢钠或碳酸氢钾，所述酰化剂为2-溴异丁酰溴，催化剂为4-二甲氨基吡啶；
（2）向步骤（1）获得的真丝大分子引发剂中加入甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯和L-抗坏血酸钠，反应环境为pH值7.5-8.2的磷酸二氢钾水溶液，反应条件为将反应体系抽真空后通入氦气，重复三次以除去体系内的氧气，在52～55℃条件下反应30～35小时，然后将反应后的真丝织物经过洗涤后干燥；
（3）将步骤（2）获得的真丝织物浸轧于全氟辛烷磺酸盐水溶液中，采用一浸一轧的工艺方法浸轧，然后将浸轧好的真丝织物置于烘箱中预烘，再进行焙烘；
（4）将步骤（3）整理后的真丝织物浸入掺磷硅溶胶中，二浸二轧，再进行预烘、焙烘、水洗和晾干。
优选的，步骤（1）中碱、酰化剂和催化剂的摩尔比为13～23:5～9:1～3。
优选的，步骤（2）中真丝大分子引发剂、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯和L-抗坏血酸钠的摩尔比为31～43:3～7:1～3。
优选的，步骤（2）中反应环境为pH值7.8的磷酸二氢钾水溶液，反应条件为将反应体系抽真空后通入氦气，重复三次以除去体系内的氧气，在54℃条件下反应32小时。
优选的，步骤（3）浸轧时的浸轧速率为10-40m/min，浸轧压力为2-2.5kg/cm2，浸轧残液率为50-75%；预烘温度为90-100℃，时间为5-15min；烘干温度为155-170℃，时间为1-5min。
优选的，步骤（4）掺磷硅溶胶为掺入磷酸二氢铵、亚磷酸二甲酯或磷酸的硅溶胶。
优选的，步骤（4）真丝织物与掺磷硅溶胶的质量比为1～7:11～27。
优选的，步骤（4）浸轧时的轧余率为88～100%；预烘温度为70～85℃，时间为2～3min；焙烘温度为150～165℃，时间为5～8min。
以上任一所述工艺整理获得的防油阻燃真丝织物。
有益效果：（1）本发明所述工艺整理获得的真丝织物油滴无法浸润，容易除去，具有明显的防油污功能；（2）本发明所述真丝织物表面阻燃性能稳定持久，经长时间或多次数水洗后极限氧指数未见下降。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种防油阻燃真丝织物的整理工艺，所述工艺包括以下步骤：
（1）将真丝织物、碱和酰化剂在催化剂作用下发生酰化反应，得到真丝大分子引发剂，所述碱为碳酸氢钠，所述酰化剂为2-溴异丁酰溴，催化剂为4-二甲氨基吡啶；
（2）向步骤（1）获得的真丝大分子引发剂中加入甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯和L-抗坏血酸钠，反应环境为pH值7.5的磷酸二氢钾水溶液，反应条件为将反应体系抽真空后通入氦气，重复三次以除去体系内的氧气，在52℃条件下反应30小时，然后将反应后的真丝织物经过洗涤后干燥；
（3）将步骤（2）获得的真丝织物浸轧于全氟辛烷磺酸盐水溶液中，采用一浸一轧的工艺方法浸轧，然后将浸轧好的真丝织物置于烘箱中预烘，再进行焙烘；
（4）将步骤（3）整理后的真丝织物浸入掺磷硅溶胶中，二浸二轧，再进行预烘、焙烘、水洗和晾干。
步骤（1）中碱、酰化剂和催化剂的摩尔比为13:5: 3。
步骤（2）中真丝大分子引发剂、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯和L-抗坏血酸钠的摩尔比为31:3:1。
步骤（3）浸轧时的浸轧速率为10m/min，浸轧压力为2kg/cm2，浸轧残液率为50%；预烘温度为90℃，时间为5min；烘干温度为155℃，时间为1min。
步骤（4）掺磷硅溶胶为掺入磷酸二氢铵、亚磷酸二甲酯或磷酸的硅溶胶。
步骤（4）真丝织物与掺磷硅溶胶的质量比为1:11。
步骤（4）浸轧时的轧余率为88%；预烘温度为70℃，时间为2min；焙烘温度为150℃，时间为5min。
以上所述工艺整理获得的防油阻燃真丝织物。
实施例2
一种防油阻燃真丝织物的整理工艺，所述工艺包括以下步骤：
（1）将真丝织物、碱和酰化剂在催化剂作用下发生酰化反应，得到真丝大分子引发剂，所述碱为碳酸氢钠或碳酸氢钾，所述酰化剂为2-溴异丁酰溴，催化剂为4-二甲氨基吡啶；
（2）向步骤（1）获得的真丝大分子引发剂中加入甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯和L-抗坏血酸钠，反应环境为pH值7.8的磷酸二氢钾水溶液，反应条件为将反应体系抽真空后通入氦气，重复三次以除去体系内的氧气，在54℃条件下反应32小时，然后将反应后的真丝织物经过洗涤后干燥；
（3）将步骤（2）获得的真丝织物浸轧于全氟辛烷磺酸盐水溶液中，采用一浸一轧的工艺方法浸轧，然后将浸轧好的真丝织物置于烘箱中预烘，再进行焙烘；
（4）将步骤（3）整理后的真丝织物浸入掺磷硅溶胶中，二浸二轧，再进行预烘、焙烘、水洗和晾干。
步骤（1）中碱、酰化剂和催化剂的摩尔比为17:8:2。
步骤（2）中真丝大分子引发剂、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯和L-抗坏血酸钠的摩尔比为37:6:2。
步骤（3）浸轧时的浸轧速率为28m/min，浸轧压力为2.2kg/cm2，浸轧残液率为68%；预烘温度为96℃，时间为12min；烘干温度为162℃，时间为3min。
步骤（4）掺磷硅溶胶为掺入磷酸二氢铵、亚磷酸二甲酯或磷酸的硅溶胶。
步骤（4）真丝织物与掺磷硅溶胶的质量比为5:26。
步骤（4）浸轧时的轧余率为96%；预烘温度为82℃，时间为3min；焙烘温度为160℃，时间为6min。
以上所述工艺整理获得的防油阻燃真丝织物。
实施例3
一种防油阻燃真丝织物的整理工艺，所述工艺包括以下步骤：
（1）将真丝织物、碱和酰化剂在催化剂作用下发生酰化反应，得到真丝大分子引发剂，所述碱为碳酸氢钠或碳酸氢钾，所述酰化剂为2-溴异丁酰溴，催化剂为4-二甲氨基吡啶；
（2）向步骤（1）获得的真丝大分子引发剂中加入甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯和L-抗坏血酸钠，反应环境为pH值8.2的磷酸二氢钾水溶液，反应条件为将反应体系抽真空后通入氦气，重复三次以除去体系内的氧气，在55℃条件下反应35小时，然后将反应后的真丝织物经过洗涤后干燥；
（3）将步骤（2）获得的真丝织物浸轧于全氟辛烷磺酸盐水溶液中，采用一浸一轧的工艺方法浸轧，然后将浸轧好的真丝织物置于烘箱中预烘，再进行焙烘；
（4）将步骤（3）整理后的真丝织物浸入掺磷硅溶胶中，二浸二轧，再进行预烘、焙烘、水洗和晾干。
步骤（1）中碱、酰化剂和催化剂的摩尔比为23:9:3。
步骤（2）中真丝大分子引发剂、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯和L-抗坏血酸钠的摩尔比为43:7:3。
步骤（3）浸轧时的浸轧速率为40m/min，浸轧压力为2.5kg/cm2，浸轧残液率为75%；预烘温度为100℃，时间为15min；烘干温度为170℃，时间为5min。
步骤（4）掺磷硅溶胶为掺入磷酸二氢铵、亚磷酸二甲酯或磷酸的硅溶胶。
步骤（4）真丝织物与掺磷硅溶胶的质量比为7:27。
步骤（4）浸轧时的轧余率为100%；预烘温度为85℃，时间为3min；焙烘温度为165℃，时间为8min。
以上所述工艺整理获得的防油阻燃真丝织物。
对实施例1～3整理获得的防油阻燃真丝织物进行性能测试；其中，接触角测试：使用型接触角测量仪进行接触角测试，酱油量10μL，油滴与织物接触30s以上，采用量角法读出接触角数值，同一样品不同区域测量5次，取平均值；滚动角测试：酱油量10μL置于织物表面，通过缓慢旋转可动载物台中的螺柱，当被测试样上的水滴刚开始滚动时停止旋转并读出箭头所指的角度即为滚动角，不同区域测量5次取平均值；拒油性能测试，按照AATCC 118标准进行拒油级别测试。具体结果如下：
接触角/° 滚动角/° 拒油级别 极限氧指数/%
实施例1 132 26 7 31.2
实施例2 135 25 7 32.7
实施例3 130 24 7 30.8

Claims (9)

1.一种防油阻燃真丝织物的整理工艺，其特征在于，所述工艺包括以下步骤：
（1）将真丝织物、碱和酰化剂在催化剂作用下发生酰化反应，得到真丝大分子引发剂，所述碱为碳酸氢钠或碳酸氢钾，所述酰化剂为2-溴异丁酰溴，催化剂为4-二甲氨基吡啶；
（2）向步骤（1）获得的真丝大分子引发剂中加入甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯和L-抗坏血酸钠，反应环境为pH值7.5-8.2的磷酸二氢钾水溶液，反应条件为将反应体系抽真空后通入氦气，重复三次以除去体系内的氧气，在52～55℃条件下反应30～35小时，然后将反应后的真丝织物经过洗涤后干燥；
（3）将步骤（2）获得的真丝织物浸轧于全氟辛烷磺酸盐水溶液中，采用一浸一轧的工艺方法浸轧，然后将浸轧好的真丝织物置于烘箱中预烘，再进行焙烘；
（4）将步骤（3）整理后的真丝织物浸入掺磷硅溶胶中，二浸二轧，再进行预烘、焙烘、水洗和晾干。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防油阻燃真丝织物的整理工艺，其特征在于，步骤（1）中碱、酰化剂和催化剂的摩尔比为13～23:5～9:1～3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防油阻燃真丝织物的整理工艺，其特征在于，步骤（2）中真丝大分子引发剂、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯和L-抗坏血酸钠的摩尔比为31～43:3～7:1～3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种防油阻燃真丝织物的整理工艺，其特征在于，步骤（2）中反应环境为pH值7.8的磷酸二氢钾水溶液，反应条件为将反应体系抽真空后通入氦气，重复三次以除去体系内的氧气，在54℃条件下反应32小时。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种防油阻燃真丝织物的整理工艺，其特征在于，步骤（3）浸轧时的浸轧速率为10-40m/min，浸轧压力为2-2.5kg/cm2，浸轧残液率为50-75%；预烘温度为90-100℃，时间为5-15min；烘干温度为155-170℃，时间为1-5min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种防油阻燃真丝织物的整理工艺，其特征在于，步骤（4）掺磷硅溶胶为掺入磷酸二氢铵、亚磷酸二甲酯或磷酸的硅溶胶。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种防油阻燃真丝织物的整理工艺，其特征在于，步骤（4）真丝织物与掺磷硅溶胶的质量比为1～7:11～27。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种防油阻燃真丝织物的整理工艺，其特征在于，步骤（4）浸轧时的轧余率为88～100%；预烘温度为70～85℃，时间为2～3min；焙烘温度为150～165℃，时间为5～8min。
9.权利要求1～8任一所述工艺整理获得的防油阻燃真丝织物。
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