CN107912232A - 一种高温季节螃蟹池塘养殖的方法 - Google Patents
一种高温季节螃蟹池塘养殖的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高温季节螃蟹池塘养殖的方法,其特征在于,在高温时期,以植物性饵料为主、动物性饵料为辅,每天早晚投放饵料,并以傍晚投喂为主,以适应河蟹昼伏夜出的习性。在炎热天气应在傍晚勤换水,保证水质透明度,调节水体的酸碱度,泼撒生石灰和光合细菌调节水质。在螃蟹脱壳期间,在水体中泼洒磷酸氢钙制剂;用生石灰泼洒杀虫消毒;寄生虫病可用福尔马林全池泼洒;用二氧化氯、生石灰、纤虫净可防止螃蟹出现细菌性感染或患纤毛虫病。水草以沉水植物为主、漂浮植物和浮叶植物为辅,夏季蟹塘内易缺氧,在塘内设置增氧机,以增加水中的溶氧量。高温期间应每天巡塘,了解河蟹的摄食活动情况,检查防逃设施,察看有无病害和敌害。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及螃蟹养殖领域,具体涉及一种高温季节螃蟹池塘养殖的方法。
背景技术
螃蟹因其营养高、味道鲜美而深受消费者青睐。随着生活水平的提高,螃蟹的消费也是日益增长。池塘养殖螃蟹成为农民朋友的致富好门路。当然,池塘养殖螃蟹需要一定的技术,同时还要懂得一些管理措施。
螃蟹一般居住在较为潮湿的环境内,对于生长环境的水质有较高的要求,养殖螃蟹时应对养殖环境的水质做好清洁工作,布置较为茂盛的水草,使螃蟹能够小范围的活动,因为螃蟹的生活习惯一般是昼伏夜出,基本的活动就是在挖穴,
这不仅是螃蟹的生活习惯,也是一种基本的技能、御敌方式。因此,在布置养殖环境的时候需要做好这方面的准备工作。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种高温季节螃蟹池塘养殖的方法,依照该方法可提高螃蟹养殖的实用价值,提高水产养殖的质量。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下的技术方案来实现:
一种高温季节螃蟹池塘养殖的方法,其特征在于,包括以下方面:
(1)饵料的投喂:
4-6月份是河蟹快速生长期,饵料日投喂量为蟹体重的9-10%;在高温时期,以植物性饵料为主、动物性饵料为辅,每天早晚投喂,傍晚投饵料为全天投饵量的70-75%,以适应河蟹昼伏夜出的习性,饵料投入蟹池中应在5-6h吃完;应及时将水中的剩料、污物捞除,防止底层的水质败坏;
(2)水质的管理:
进入6月份,蟹塘平均水深≥70cm,到7月下旬水深至1-1.2m,在炎热天气每隔3-5天换水一次,每次换水30-40cm,在傍晚进行;水质透明度应≥50cm;调节水体的酸碱度、pH值为7.5-8.5,每隔7-10d泼撒一次生石灰,每亩用生石灰10-15kg;用光合细菌调节水质,每亩用3-5kg全池泼浇;
(3)病害的防治:
在螃蟹脱壳期间,在水体中泼洒磷酸氢钙制剂1-2次;每亩用2.5-5.0kg的生石灰泼洒杀虫消毒;定期交替泼洒1-2mg/kg土霉素粉、0.5-1mg/kg呋喃唑酮、1-2mg/kg硫酸锌、0.5-1mg/kg蟹安灵;经常投喂药饵,每1000g蟹重用0.1-0.2g土霉素或红霉素拌饵投喂;寄生虫病可用5-10mg/kg福尔马林全池泼洒;用二氧化氯、生石灰、纤虫净可防止螃蟹出现细菌性感染或患纤毛虫病,定期服用维生素C、维生素E,可增强体质,提高抗病力;
(4)池塘环境的改善:
水草以沉水植物为主、漂浮植物和浮叶植物为辅,在蟹池的深水处种植沉水性植物和浮叶植物,在浅水区栽种挺水植物,蟹池中种植水草的面积占整个池塘面积的50-60%;夏季蟹塘内易缺氧,在塘内设置增氧机,以增加水中的溶氧量;
(5)防逃工作:
高温期间应每天巡塘,了解河蟹的摄食活动情况,检查防逃设施,察看有无病害和敌害;及时堵塞漏洞、更换损坏的防逃设施,在大风暴雨天气,更应做好防逃工作;要注意防止敌害侵袭,及时捕杀蟹池中敌害生物。
其中,步骤(1)中动物性饵料有小杂鱼、虾、螺蛳、蚬、动物内脏、水生昆虫、蚕蛹,植物性饵料有麦类、豆饼、黄豆、瓜果、蔬菜、水草,其中植物性饵料占60-65%,在饲料中添加适量壳粉、骨粉、鱼粉、禽蛋壳粉,以利河蟹脱壳。步骤(4)中水草主要品种有轮叶黑藻、苦草、伊乐藻,轮叶黑藻、伊乐藻以移栽、扦插为主,苦草以播种方式种植。
本发明的反应机理及有益效果如下:
水草可以起到净化水质、水体降温、增加水体溶氧、隐蔽、防病、作为食物和遮阳等有效作用;生石灰有澄清水质、增加水体钙质的作用;用光合细菌全池泼浇调节水质,以转化水体中的氨、氮、硫化氢等有害物质,控制有害细菌的滋生和繁殖;可在饵料中加内服药及维生素、矿物质等添加剂,提高河蟹的抗病能力;在池塘岸上和浅水区有充足的水草和隐蔽物,便于螃蟹隐蔽、觅食、栖息和退壳;用生石灰既可以调节pH改良水质,又增加水中钙的含量,对螃蟹蜕壳有益;在螃蟹的整个生长阶段,除利用池塘中人工培育的水草和底栖生物外,还要靠人工投喂动物性饲料和植物性饲料。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。
实施例
一种池塘养殖螃蟹的方法,其特征在于,包括以下方面:
(1)饵料的投喂:
4-6月份是河蟹快速生长期,饵料日投喂量为蟹体重的10%;在高温时期,以植物性饵料为主、动物性饵料为辅,每天早晚投喂,傍晚投饵料为全天投饵量的75%,以适应河蟹昼伏夜出的习性,饵料投入蟹池中应在5h吃完;应及时将水中的剩料、污物捞除,防止底层的水质败坏;
(2)水质的管理:
进入6月份,蟹塘平均水深≥70cm,到7月下旬水深至1m,在炎热天气每隔5天换水一次,每次换水30cm,在傍晚进行;水质透明度应≥50cm;调节水体的酸碱度、pH值为7.5-8.5,每隔10d泼撒一次生石灰,每亩用生石灰10kg;用光合细菌调节水质,每亩用3kg全池泼浇;
(3)病害的防治:
在螃蟹脱壳期间,在水体中泼洒磷酸氢钙制剂1次;每亩用2.5kg的生石灰泼洒杀虫消毒;定期交替泼洒1mg/kg土霉素粉、0.5mg/kg呋喃唑酮、1mg/kg硫酸锌、0.5mg/kg蟹安灵;经常投喂药饵,每1000g蟹重用0.1g土霉素或红霉素拌饵投喂;寄生虫病可用5mg/kg福尔马林全池泼洒;用二氧化氯、生石灰、纤虫净可防止螃蟹出现细菌性感染或患纤毛虫病,定期服用维生素C、维生素E,可增强体质,提高抗病力;
(4)池塘环境的改善:
水草以沉水植物为主、漂浮植物和浮叶植物为辅,在蟹池的深水处种植沉水性植物和浮叶植物,在浅水区栽种挺水植物,蟹池中种植水草的面积占整个池塘面积的50%;夏季蟹塘内易缺氧,在塘内设置增氧机,以增加水中的溶氧量;
(5)防逃工作:
高温期间应每天巡塘,了解河蟹的摄食活动情况,检查防逃设施,察看有无病害和敌害;及时堵塞漏洞、更换损坏的防逃设施,在大风暴雨天气,更应做好防逃工作;要注意防止敌害侵袭,及时捕杀蟹池中敌害生物。
其中,步骤(1)中动物性饵料有小杂鱼、虾、螺蛳、蚬、动物内脏、水生昆虫、蚕蛹,植物性饵料有麦类、豆饼、黄豆、瓜果、蔬菜、水草,其中植物性饵料占60-65%,在饲料中添加适量壳粉、骨粉、鱼粉、禽蛋壳粉,以利河蟹脱壳。步骤(4)中水草主要品种有轮叶黑藻、苦草、伊乐藻,轮叶黑藻、伊乐藻以移栽、扦插为主,苦草以播种方式种植。
Claims (4)
1.一种高温季节螃蟹池塘养殖的方法,其特征在于:在高温时期,以植物性饵料为主、动物性饵料为辅,每天早晚投放饵料,并以傍晚投喂为主,以适应河蟹昼伏夜出的习性;在炎热天气应在傍晚勤换水,保证水质透明度,调节水体的酸碱度,泼撒生石灰和光合细菌调节水质;在螃蟹脱壳期间,在水体中泼洒磷酸氢钙制剂;用生石灰泼洒杀虫消毒;寄生虫病可用福尔马林全池泼洒;用二氧化氯、生石灰、纤虫净可防止螃蟹出现细菌性感染或患纤毛虫病;水草以沉水植物为主、漂浮植物和浮叶植物为辅,夏季蟹塘内易缺氧,在塘内设置增氧机,以增加水中的溶氧量;高温期间应每天巡塘,了解河蟹的摄食活动情况,检查防逃设施,察看有无病害和敌害。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高温季节螃蟹池塘养殖的方法,其特征在于,包括以下方面:
(1)饵料的投喂:
4-6月份是河蟹快速生长期,饵料日投喂量为蟹体重的9-10%;在高温时期,以植物性饵料为主、动物性饵料为辅,每天早晚投喂,傍晚投饵料为全天投饵量的70-75%,以适应河蟹昼伏夜出的习性,饵料投入蟹池中应在5-6h吃完;应及时将水中的剩料、污物捞除,防止底层的水质败坏;
(2)水质的管理:
进入6月份,蟹塘平均水深≥70cm,到7月下旬水深至1-1.2m,在炎热天气每隔3-5天换水一次,每次换水30-40cm,在傍晚进行;水质透明度应≥50cm;调节水体的酸碱度、pH值为7.5-8.5,每隔7-10d泼撒一次生石灰,每亩用生石灰10-15kg;用光合细菌调节水质,每亩用3-5kg全池泼浇;
(3)病害的防治:
在螃蟹脱壳期间,在水体中泼洒磷酸氢钙制剂1-2次;每亩用2.5-5.0kg的生石灰泼洒杀虫消毒;定期交替泼洒1-2mg/kg土霉素粉、0.5-1mg/kg呋喃唑酮、1-2mg/kg硫酸锌、0.5-1mg/kg蟹安灵;经常投喂药饵,每1000g蟹重用0.1-0.2g土霉素或红霉素拌饵投喂;寄生虫病可用5-10mg/kg福尔马林全池泼洒;用二氧化氯、生石灰、纤虫净可防止螃蟹出现细菌性感染或患纤毛虫病,定期服用维生素C、维生素E,可增强体质,提高抗病力;
(4)池塘环境的改善:
水草以沉水植物为主、漂浮植物和浮叶植物为辅,在蟹池的深水处种植沉水性植物和浮叶植物,在浅水区栽种挺水植物,蟹池中种植水草的面积占整个池塘面积的50-60%;夏季蟹塘内易缺氧,在塘内设置增氧机,以增加水中的溶氧量;
(5)防逃工作:
高温期间应每天巡塘,了解河蟹的摄食活动情况,检查防逃设施,察看有无病害和敌害;及时堵塞漏洞、更换损坏的防逃设施,在大风暴雨天气,更应做好防逃工作;要注意防止敌害侵袭,及时捕杀蟹池中敌害生物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种高温季节螃蟹池塘养殖的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中动物性饵料有小杂鱼、虾、螺蛳、蚬、动物内脏、水生昆虫、蚕蛹,植物性饵料有麦类、豆饼、黄豆、瓜果、蔬菜、水草,其中植物性饵料占60-65%,在饲料中添加适量壳粉、骨粉、鱼粉、禽蛋壳粉,以利河蟹脱壳。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种池塘养殖螃蟹的方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中水草主要品种有轮叶黑藻、苦草、伊乐藻,轮叶黑藻、伊乐藻以移栽、扦插为主,苦草以播种方式种植。
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