CN107912147B - Header of harvester for long-stalk crops - Google Patents

Header of harvester for long-stalk crops Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107912147B
CN107912147B CN201711207106.9A CN201711207106A CN107912147B CN 107912147 B CN107912147 B CN 107912147B CN 201711207106 A CN201711207106 A CN 201711207106A CN 107912147 B CN107912147 B CN 107912147B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
conveying
rotating shaft
crank
crops
straw
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Active
Application number
CN201711207106.9A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN107912147A (en
Inventor
张彬
田昆鹏
李显旺
沈成
黄继承
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Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
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Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
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Priority to CN201711207106.9A priority Critical patent/CN107912147B/en
Publication of CN107912147A publication Critical patent/CN107912147A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D57/00Delivering mechanisms for harvesters or mowers
    • A01D57/01Devices for leading crops to the mowing apparatus
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D45/00Harvesting of standing crops
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D57/00Delivering mechanisms for harvesters or mowers
    • A01D57/20Delivering mechanisms for harvesters or mowers with conveyor belts

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Outside Dividers And Delivering Mechanisms For Harvesters (AREA)
  • Harvesting Machines For Specific Crops (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a harvesting table of a high-stalk crop harvester, which is technically characterized by comprising a mounting plate, a cutting knife, a straw pulling device and a conveying device, wherein the straw pulling device comprises a base, straw pulling rods and a driven sprocket, a first rotating shaft and a second rotating shaft are hinged to the base, a crank and a rocker are arranged between the straw pulling rods and the base, one end of the crank is hinged to the middle of each straw pulling rod, the other end of the crank is fixedly connected with the first rotating shaft, two ends of the rocker are respectively hinged to the rear end of each straw pulling rod and the second rotating shaft, the driven sprocket is arranged on the first rotating shaft, the conveying device comprises a mounting column, a conveying wheel and a conveying belt, the conveying wheel is arranged on the mounting column, the conveying belt is arranged between the conveying wheels, the straw pulling device is provided with a straw pulling finger, the straw pulling device is used for simulating the action of picking stems during manual harvesting, and the stems on two sides of the cutting table are pulled towards the middle, and the device is used for achieving the purposes of pulling, cutting and conveying crops, and only the front end of each straw pulling rod can extend out of the cutting table, so that the occupied space of the whole harvesting table is small.

Description

Header of harvester for long-stalk crops
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a header of a long-stalk crop harvester.
Background
Harvesting is a key link in the production process of long-stalk crops (such as hemp, reed, corn and the like), and because the stalks of the long-stalk crops are relatively high and strong, the labor intensity is high during manual harvesting, the efficiency is low, and the development requirement of modern agriculture is difficult to meet, so that the long-stalk crop harvesting machine with simple structure, high reliability and good operation quality has become an urgent requirement for industrial development. The header is an important component of the high-stalk crop harvester, and the quality of the operation directly influences the quality of the working performance of the whole harvester. The existing harvesting machine header for high-stalk crops usually adopts a plurality of wheel-type reel units which are arranged side by side and are arranged at the front lower part of the header to reel the crops towards the header, and the stalks are cut off by a cutter at the bottom side of the header and then are conveyed backwards by a conveying device. However, as the high-stalk crop plants are higher, the cutting table is blocked by slightly inclining the stalks, so that the follow-up stalks cannot be conveyed, and meanwhile, the stalks are easy to be pushed down by the reel arranged side by side, so that the failure rate of mechanical harvesting is increased, the quality of mechanical operation is seriously influenced, and the mechanical realization of the harvesting link of the high-stalk crops is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a header of a high-stalk crop harvester, which utilizes the artificial harvesting principle to simulate the artificial harvesting action by using bionics, and the crop stalks at two sides of the header are raked towards a middle conveying device by a raking mechanism, so that the efficient harvesting of the high-stalk crop is realized. The rake mechanism of the cutting table is compact in structure and small in occupied space.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the utility model provides a high stalk crop harvester header, includes mounting panel, the cutting knife that is used for cutting the crop, is used for stirring the reel device of crop and can be with the conveying device of the crop backward after cutting, the cutting knife sets up in the mounting panel the place ahead;
the conveying device comprises four mounting columns, conveying wheels and driving sprockets, wherein the four mounting columns are arranged in two rows, one conveying wheel is arranged above each mounting column, a conveying belt is arranged between the two conveying wheels in the same row, a plurality of reel fingers are arranged on the outer side of the conveying belt, the reel fingers are uniformly distributed along the outer outline of the conveying belt, the driving sprockets are arranged on the two front mounting columns, the two conveying wheels at the rear are driving wheels, and the harvester is driven by an engine;
the straw pulling device comprises a base, a straw pulling rod and a driven sprocket, wherein the base is fixedly connected with a mounting plate, a first rotating shaft and a second rotating shaft are hinged to the base, a crank and a rocker are arranged between the straw pulling rod and the base, one end of the length direction of the crank is hinged to the middle of the straw pulling rod, the other end of the length direction of the rocker is fixedly connected with the first rotating shaft, one end of the length direction of the rocker is hinged to the rear end of the straw pulling rod, the other end of the length direction of the rocker is connected with the second rotating shaft, the length of the crank is smaller than the distance between the crank and the rocker, the length of the crank is smaller than the length of the rocker, the driven sprocket is arranged on the first rotating shaft and can synchronously rotate with the first rotating shaft, the driven sprocket is connected with a driving sprocket through a transmission chain, the base, the straw pulling rod and the driven sprocket are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the conveying device, and in a rotating state of the first rotating shaft, the front end of the straw pulling rod can be driven by the crank to move towards the middle of a cutting table.
As a further improvement of the invention, a conveying channel for conveying cut crops backwards is formed between the two conveying belts, and the reel fingers in the conveying channel are arranged in a staggered way.
As a further development of the invention, the distance between the two conveyor belts is less than twice the length of the reel fingers.
As a further improvement of the invention, the two sides of the conveying channel are provided with the first baffle plates, the first baffle plates and the mounting plates enclose a conveying cavity for conveying crops, and the cut crops are conveyed backwards through the conveying cavity.
As a further improvement of the invention, two second baffles are arranged on the mounting plate, the two second baffles are respectively arranged in front of the two transmission chains, and the heights of the second baffles are larger than the heights of the transmission chains and smaller than the heights of the straw pulling rods.
As a further development of the invention, the second baffles are each arranged obliquely, with their side close to the conveying channel being inclined backwards.
As a further improvement of the invention, the mounting plate is also provided with two connecting plates, and two sides of the length direction of each connecting plate are respectively connected with the first baffle plate and the second baffle plate.
As a further improvement of the invention, the connecting plates are all obliquely arranged, and the distance between the two first baffle plates is smaller than the distance between the two second baffle plates.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: through the setting of cutting knife, reel device and conveyor, when engine on the locomotive drives two conveyer wheels of rear and rotates, the conveyer wheel of rear drives the conveyer wheel in place ahead and rotates, reel finger carries the crop simultaneously, the conveyer wheel rotation in place ahead drives the drive sprocket rotation, the drive sprocket passes through the drive chain and drives first pivot rotation, first pivot drive crank rotation, the crank drives reel motion, reel bar, the crank, form four connecting rod structures between rocker, first pivot and the second pivot, reel bar motion in-process, its front end forms the motion track as shown in figure 1 or figure 2, and reel bar front end intermittent type dials the crop to the header in the middle of, this header uses the manual harvesting theory of reference, utilize the analog manual harvesting action of raking up, the reel bar is dialled the conveyer device in the centre with the crop stalk of header both sides through reel device, realize the effective harvesting of high stalk crop, reel device only dials the reel bar front end and stretches out the header place ahead in the reel process, make whole header occupation space bionic little.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a header of a long-stalked crop harvester;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a header of a tall stalk crop harvester;
fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of a tall crop harvester header at another angle.
Reference numerals: 1. a mounting plate; 11. a second baffle; 12. a connecting plate; 2. a cutting knife; 3. a reel device; 31. a base; 311. a first rotating shaft; 312. a second rotating shaft; 32. a straw pulling rod; 33. a driven sprocket; 34. a crank; 35. a rocker; 4. a conveying device; 41. a mounting column; 42. a conveying wheel; 43. a drive sprocket; 44. a conveyor belt; 441. a reel finger; 45. a drive chain; 46. a conveying channel; 47. a first baffle.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. Wherein like parts are designated by like reference numerals. It should be noted that the words "front", "back", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the words "bottom" and "top", "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a header of a harvesting machine for long-stalked crops according to this embodiment includes a mounting plate 1, a cutter 2 for cutting crops, a reel 3 for reel the crops, and a conveying device 4 capable of conveying the cut crops backward, wherein the cutter 2 is disposed in front of the mounting plate 1, the reel 3 reels the crops to the conveying device 4, the cutter 2 cuts the crops during the reel, and the cut crops are conveyed backward by a conveying channel 46.
The conveying device 4 comprises four mounting columns 41, conveying wheels 42 and driving chain wheels 43, the four mounting columns 41 are arranged, the two mounting columns 41 are arranged in two rows, one conveying wheel 42 is arranged above each mounting column 41, a conveying belt 44 is arranged between the two conveying wheels 42 in the same row, a plurality of reel fingers 441 are arranged on the outer side of the conveying belt 44, the reel fingers 441 are uniformly distributed along the outer outline of the conveying belt 44, one driving chain wheel 43 is arranged on each of the two front mounting columns 41, the two conveying wheels 42 in front are driven to rotate in the rotation process of the driving chain wheel 43, the two conveying wheels 42 in the rear are driven to rotate by the conveying belt 44, the reel fingers 441 on the conveying belt 44 drive cut crops to be conveyed backwards, the two conveying wheels 42 in the rear are driven by an engine on a harvester, the two conveying wheels 42 in the rear are driven to rotate by the engine, the two conveying wheels 42 in the rear are driven to rotate by the conveying belt 44, and the reel fingers 441 drive the two conveying wheels 42 in the front are driven to convey cut crops backwards.
The straw pulling device 3 comprises a base 31, a straw pulling rod 32 and a driven sprocket 33, the base 31 is fixedly connected with a mounting plate 1, a first rotating shaft 311 and a second rotating shaft 312 are hinged on the base 31, a crank 34 and a rocker 35 are arranged between the straw pulling rod 32 and the base 31, one end of the crank 34 in the length direction is hinged with the middle part of the straw pulling rod 32, the other end of the crank 34 is fixedly connected with the first rotating shaft 311, one end of the rocker 35 in the length direction is hinged with the rear end of the straw pulling rod 32, the other end of the rocker 35 is connected with the second rotating shaft 312, the length of the crank 34 is smaller than the distance between the crank 34 and the rocker 35, the length of the crank 34 is smaller than the length of the rocker 35, the driven sprocket 33 is arranged on the first rotating shaft 311 and can synchronously rotate with the first rotating shaft 311, the driven sprocket 33 is connected with a driving sprocket 43 through a transmission chain 45, the base 31, the straw pulling rod 32 and the driven sprocket 33 are provided with two, and all set up in conveyor 4 both sides symmetrically, because driven sprocket 33 is connected through drive sprocket 43 through drive chain 45, therefore driven sprocket 33 and drive sprocket 43 can synchronous revolution, driven sprocket 33 rotates the in-process and drives first pivot 311 and rotate, two first pivots 311 drive two cranks 34 respectively, two cranks 34 drive two and dial straw 32 motion, dial straw 32, crank 34, rocker 35, first pivot 311 and second pivot 312 between form four connecting rod structures, dial straw 32 motion in-process, its front end forms the motion track as shown in fig. 1 or fig. 2, and dial straw 32 front end intermittent type dials the crop to the cutting table in the middle of, dial straw 32 only the front end stretches out the cutting table place ahead in the crop stirring process, be favorable to reducing the occupation space of cutting table.
Through the setting of cutting knife 2, reel device 3 and conveyor 4, when the engine on the locomotive drives two conveyer wheels 42 rotations at the rear, the conveyer wheel 42 at the rear drives the conveyer wheel 42 rotation at the place ahead, reel finger 441 carries the crop simultaneously, the conveyer wheel 42 rotation at the place ahead drives driving sprocket 43 rotation, driving sprocket 43 passes through drive chain 45 and drives first pivot 311 rotation, first pivot 311 drives crank 34 rotation, crank 34 drives reel bar 32 motion, reel bar 32, crank 34, rocker 35, first pivot 311 and second pivot 312 form four-bar linkage structure, in the reel bar 32 motion process, its front end forms near oval orbit, and reel bar 32 front end intermittent type is dialled the crop in the middle of the header, this header is borrowed to the manual harvesting theory of reference, utilize bionical simulation artificial harvesting action, the reel bar 3 is dialled the conveyer 4 in the centre with the crop stalk of header both sides, realize high stalk crop's effective harvesting, reel device 3 has reel bar 32 front end to stretch out in the whole header in the process of reel bar 32, make whole occupation space.
As an improved specific embodiment, a conveying channel 46 for conveying cut crops backwards is formed between the two conveying belts 44, the reel fingers 441 in the conveying channel 46 are arranged in a front-back staggered mode, the reel fingers 441 are prevented from sliding out from gaps between the reel fingers 441 when the reel fingers 441 are arranged in a right-over mode, if the sum of the lengths of the two reel fingers 441 arranged correspondingly is greater than or equal to the width of the conveying channel 46, the conveying belts 44 are loosened in a long-term working state, the reel fingers 441 are mutually extruded, the reel fingers 441 are extruded and damaged for a long time, and if the sum of the lengths of the two reel fingers 441 arranged correspondingly is smaller than the width of the conveying channel 46, the crops can slide out from the gaps between the reel fingers 441 easily, so that the crops can not finish conveying.
As a modified specific embodiment, the distance between the two conveying belts 44 is less than twice the length of the reel fingers 441, at this time, since the reel fingers 441 are staggered, the reel fingers 441 cannot be mutually extruded, so that the reel fingers 441 are easy to damage, and crops cannot slide out from gaps between the reel fingers 441 easily, so that the crops cannot be conveyed.
As a modified specific embodiment, the two sides of the conveying channel 46 are provided with the first baffle plates 47, the first baffle plates 47 and the mounting plate 1 enclose a conveying cavity for conveying crops, the cut crops are conveyed backwards through the conveying cavity, and the cut crops cannot slide out of the two sides of the conveying channel 46 when conveyed in the conveying channel 46 due to the arrangement of the first baffle plates 47, so that the cut crops cannot be conveyed smoothly.
As a concrete implementation mode of improvement, be provided with two second baffles 11 on the mounting panel 1, two second baffles 11 set up respectively in two drive chain 45 the place ahead, and the height of second baffle 11 is all greater than the height of drive chain 45, is less than the height of dialling straw 32, through the setting of second baffle 11 for this header is in the course of the work, and the crops in place ahead will be blocked outside second baffle 11, avoids the crop to directly get into the header from the place ahead, hinders the normal work of drive chain 45.
As a modified embodiment, the second baffles 11 are all inclined, and the side close to the conveying channel 46 is inclined backwards, so that the second baffles 11 are inclined, and crops blocked by the second baffles 11 are conveniently guided to the conveying channel 46 side, and the crops are cut and conveyed.
As a modified specific embodiment, two connecting plates 12 are further arranged on the mounting plate 1, two sides of the length direction of each connecting plate 12 are respectively connected with the first baffle 47 and the second baffle 11, and by means of the arrangement of the connecting plates 12, crops are prevented from entering the outside of two sides of the conveying channel 46 and the rear of the second baffle 11 from a gap between the first baffle 47 and the second baffle 11, so that the crops cannot be conveyed, and normal work of the transmission chain 45 is possibly hindered.
As a modified specific embodiment, the connecting plates 12 are all inclined, the distance between the two first baffle plates 47 is smaller than the distance between the two second baffle plates 11, at this time, the two connecting plates 12 and the mounting plate 1 enclose a trumpet-shaped shrinkage channel, and the small end opening of the shrinkage channel is connected with the conveying channel 46, so that cut crops enter the conveying channel 46 along the shrinkage channel.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the present invention may occur to one skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention and are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a high stalk crop harvester header which characterized in that: the crop harvester comprises a mounting plate (1), a cutting knife (2) for cutting crops, a reel device (3) for reel the crops and a conveying device (4) capable of conveying the cut crops backwards, wherein the cutting knife (2) is arranged in front of the mounting plate (1);
the conveying device (4) comprises four mounting columns (41), conveying wheels (42) and driving sprockets (43), wherein the four mounting columns (41) are arranged in two rows, one conveying wheel (42) is arranged above each mounting column (41), a conveying belt (44) is arranged between the two conveying wheels (42) in the same row, a plurality of reel fingers (441) are arranged on the outer side of the conveying belt (44), the reel fingers (441) are uniformly distributed along the outer outline of the conveying belt (44), one driving sprocket (43) is arranged on each of the two front mounting columns (41), and the two conveying wheels (42) at the rear are driving wheels and are driven by an engine on a harvester;
the straw pulling device (3) comprises a base (31), a straw pulling rod (32) and a driven sprocket (33), wherein the base (31) is fixedly connected with a mounting plate (1), a first rotating shaft (311) and a second rotating shaft (312) are hinged to the base (31), a crank (34) and a rocker (35) are arranged between the straw pulling rod (32) and the base (31), one end of the length direction of the crank (34) is hinged to the middle of the straw pulling rod (32), the other end of the crank (34) is fixedly connected with the first rotating shaft (311), one end of the length direction of the rocker (35) is hinged to the rear end of the straw pulling rod (32), the other end of the rocker is connected with a second rotating shaft (312), the length of the crank (34) is smaller than the distance between the crank (34) and the rocker (35), the length of the crank (34) is smaller than the length of the rocker (35), the driven sprocket (33) is arranged on the first rotating shaft (311) and can synchronously rotate with the first rotating shaft (311), the driven sprocket (33) and one driving sprocket (43) is connected with the two driving sprockets (45) and the two driving sprockets (32) through the two driving sprockets (45) and the two driving sprockets (32) in a pair, the two driving sprocket (33) and the two driving sprocket (33) are arranged on the two sides of the driving sprocket (33), the first rotating shaft (311) can drive the straw (32) to move through the crank (34) in a rotating state, and the front end of the straw (32) intermittently dials crops to the middle of the cutting table.
2. The tall stalk crop harvester header of claim 1, wherein: a conveying channel (46) for conveying cut crops backwards is formed between the two conveying belts (44), and reel fingers (441) in the conveying channel (46) are arranged in a staggered mode.
3. The tall stalk crop harvester header of claim 2, wherein: the distance between the two conveyor belts (44) is less than twice the length of the reel fingers (441).
4. A harvesting header for long-stalked crops according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: the two sides of the conveying channel (46) are provided with first baffle plates (47), a conveying cavity for conveying crops is formed by the first baffle plates (47) and the mounting plate (1), and the cut crops are conveyed backwards through the conveying cavity.
5. The tall stalk crop harvester header of claim 4, wherein: two second baffles (11) are arranged on the mounting plate (1), the two second baffles (11) are respectively arranged in front of the two transmission chains (45), and the heights of the second baffles (11) are both larger than the heights of the transmission chains (45) and smaller than the heights of the straw pulling rods (32).
6. The tall stalk crop harvester header of claim 5, wherein: the second baffles (11) are all obliquely arranged, and one side of the second baffles, which is close to the conveying channel (46), is inclined backwards.
7. The tall stalk crop harvester header of claim 6, wherein: two connecting plates (12) are further arranged on the mounting plate (1), and two sides of the connecting plates (12) in the length direction are respectively connected with the first baffle (47) and the second baffle (11).
8. The tall stalk crop harvester header of claim 7, wherein: the connecting plates (12) are obliquely arranged, and the distance between the two first baffle plates (47) is smaller than the distance between the two second baffle plates (11).
CN201711207106.9A 2017-11-27 2017-11-27 Header of harvester for long-stalk crops Active CN107912147B (en)

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CN107912147B true CN107912147B (en) 2023-10-27

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CN111512778A (en) * 2020-04-14 2020-08-11 成都市农林科学院 Rape moss harvester
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JPH0356319U (en) * 1989-10-09 1991-05-30
CN103430692A (en) * 2013-09-09 2013-12-11 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 High and thick-stalk crop harvester
CN104137705A (en) * 2014-07-25 2014-11-12 何嘉俊 Plant poking mechanism of harvester
CN205623232U (en) * 2016-04-18 2016-10-12 湖南农业大学 Collection standing grain mechanism
CN107114060A (en) * 2017-06-06 2017-09-01 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 A kind of high stalk crop harvester
CN207897426U (en) * 2017-11-27 2018-09-25 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 A kind of long-stalked crops harvester cutting bench

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0356319U (en) * 1989-10-09 1991-05-30
CN103430692A (en) * 2013-09-09 2013-12-11 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 High and thick-stalk crop harvester
CN104137705A (en) * 2014-07-25 2014-11-12 何嘉俊 Plant poking mechanism of harvester
CN205623232U (en) * 2016-04-18 2016-10-12 湖南农业大学 Collection standing grain mechanism
CN107114060A (en) * 2017-06-06 2017-09-01 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 A kind of high stalk crop harvester
CN207897426U (en) * 2017-11-27 2018-09-25 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 A kind of long-stalked crops harvester cutting bench

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