CN107897585A - 提高石斑鱼免疫力的养殖方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于水产养殖技术领域，特别涉及提高石斑鱼免疫力的养殖方法，包括以下制备步骤：常规石斑鱼专用饲料用中药液浸泡3‑5min后，捞出，沥干，烘干，再照常规的方法，用处理后的常规石斑鱼专用饲料进行投喂石斑鱼即可；所述的常规石斑鱼专用饲料和中药液重量比为1:8‑18；所述的中药液，由以下重量份的原料制成：广金钱草26‑40份，浮小麦10‑30份，佛甲草3‑12份。本发明提高石斑鱼免疫力的养殖方法中，将常规石斑鱼专用饲料用由广金钱草，浮小麦，佛甲草制成的中药液中各原料的协同作用，能够有效提高石斑鱼免疫力，提高石斑鱼的成活率，从而提高经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖技术领域，特别涉及提高石斑鱼免疫力的养殖方法。
背景技术
淡水石斑鱼(Cichlasoma managuense)为原产于中美洲尼加拉瓜。1988 年引入中国台湾，是中国台湾南部地区普遍的淡水养殖品种，1996年广东、江西养殖单位从中国台湾引入。1999年又引入济南市淡水养殖科学研究所。淡水石斑鱼其生长速度快、耐低氧、抗病力强，而且外形美观、肉质鲜美、营养丰富，既可以做为商品鱼，又可以作为观赏鱼种，是一种很值得推广的品种。一直以来来，淡水石斑鱼的养殖技术的研究已引起国内水产工作者的重视，淡水石斑鱼的养殖规模也越来越大，成为一种淡水养殖新品种。
在我国西部的岷江水系，长江支流等河流也有一种本土石斑，体型相对较小，成年体长18-25CM左右，体重在100-250g之间，由于其常年生活在淡水，以啃食附着在石壁上得浮游生物和昆虫水生幼虫为食而得名。其生长速度较慢，但是其耐低氧、抗病力强，而且外形美观、肉质鲜美、营养丰富，既可以做为商品鱼，又可以作为观赏鱼种。
淡水石斑鱼的平均含肉率为78.8％,肌肉中的水分含量为76.00％,粗蛋白为18.90％,粗脂肪为3.00％,粗灰分为1.73％。肌肉中含有18种氨基酸, 氨基酸总量为15.74％(占鲜样),其中人体必需的8种氨基酸的含量为6.88％, 占氨基酸总量的40.60％。4种鲜味氨基酸的含量为7.08％,占氨基酸总量的 44.98％。必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为74.84；氨基酸的支/芳值(BCAA/AAA)为 2.22。饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总含量的34.09％,不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总含量的65.91％,其中DHA含量丰富,占脂肪酸总量的6.95％。矿物质含量丰富。综合分析的结果表明,淡水石斑鱼是一种营养价值高的优质淡水鱼类。
虾青素(英文名Astaxanthin，在日本和港澳地区也称虾红素)是1938 年从龙虾中首次被分离出来的一种超强的天然胞外抗氧化剂。也是唯一能达到延缓器官和组织衰老功能的抗氧化剂。石斑鱼也含虾青素的，石斑鱼的鱼皮胶质增强上皮组织的完整生长和促进胶原细胞的合成的营养成分的重要物质叫二甲基砜(MSM)；而“胶原蛋白”是高脂的极易被氧化，所以要配合抗氧化剂使用才能达到美容护肤的效果。因为石斑鱼是同时具备了二甲基砜(MSM)和虾青素的，所以才有“美容护肤之鱼”的称号。
为了提高石斑鱼的经济效益，研究开发一种提高石斑鱼免疫力的养殖方法，从而提高石斑鱼的成活率十分有必要。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供提高石斑鱼免疫力的养殖方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
本发明提供提高石斑鱼免疫力的养殖方法，包括以下制备步骤：常规石斑鱼专用饲料用中药液浸泡3-5min后，捞出，沥干，烘干，再照常规的方法，用处理后的常规石斑鱼专用饲料进行投喂石斑鱼即可。
本发明所述的常规石斑鱼专用饲料和中药液重量比为1:8-18。
本发明所述的中药液，由以下重量份的原料制成：广金钱草26-40份，浮小麦10-30份，佛甲草3-12份。
优选地，本发明所述的常规石斑鱼专用饲料和中药液重量比为1:13。
优选地，本发明所述的中药液，由以下重量份的原料制成：广金钱草 33份，浮小麦20份，佛甲草7份。
优选地，本发明所述的中药液制备方法为：按重量份称取全部中药液原料，加入其重量6-12倍的水，在100-150kHz频率下超声波提取12-18min，得到超声波提取液，再与超声波提取液等同重量的水混合均匀即可。
所述的中药液制备方法中，超声波提取时，温度为40-50℃。
所述中药液原料中：
广金钱草，豆科植物广金钱草Desmodium styracifolium(Osb.)Merr. 的地上部分。性凉，味甘、淡。归肝经、肾经、膀胱经。主含大豆皂苷及多糖、槲皮素、异槲皮苷、山柰酚等成分。清热除湿、利尿通淋。属利水渗湿药下分类的利湿通淋药，主要具有利尿排石、利胆、抗炎的作用；另外，还可增加冠状动脉血流量及抗菌、促智作用。多糖成分对尿路结石的生长有抑制作用，是治疗结石的有效成分之一。具有显著的防治泌尿系结石及利尿的作用。影响心脑血管的功能，增加冠脉及脑动脉血流量，降低脑血管阻力，颈总动脉血压下降，增加常压缺氧耐受力，拮抗主动脉痉挛，保护急性心肌缺血；能显著抑制血小板聚集，还能显著拮抗体外血栓形成；有抗炎、镇痛作用；能有效提高学习记忆能力。具有显著利胆作用，能抑制白色念珠菌的生长。
浮小麦，为禾本科植物小麦Triticum aestivum L.干瘪轻浮的干燥颖果。性凉，味甘。归心经。主要含淀粉、蛋白质、糖类等成分。除虚热、止汗。属清热药下属分类的清虚热药，或属收涩药下属分类的固表止汗药。
佛甲草，景天科植物佛甲草Sedum lineare Thunb.的全草。性寒，味甘。归心经、肺经、肝经、脾经。含金圣草素、红车轴草素、香豌豆苷、香豌豆-3'；-甲醚、&beta；-谷甾醇、三十烷、景天庚糖、葡萄糖、果糖。 10％煎液在体外对金黄色葡萄球菌有抑制作用。清热解毒。属清热药下属分类的清热解毒药。
本发明所述的常规石斑鱼专用饲料可为广东越群海洋生物研究开发有限公司生产的海水鱼配合饲料，石斑鱼专用饲料，C5。常规投喂：日投饵量为鱼体重的20％左右，日投饵3次。
相比现有技术，本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明提高石斑鱼免疫力的养殖方法中，将常规石斑鱼专用饲料用由广金钱草，浮小麦，佛甲草制成的中药液中各原料的协同作用，能够有效提高石斑鱼免疫力，提高石斑鱼的成活率，从而提高经济效益。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明并不局限于这些实施例。
实施例1
提高石斑鱼免疫力的养殖方法，包括以下制备步骤：常规石斑鱼专用饲料用中药液浸泡3min后，捞出，沥干，烘干，再照常规的方法，用处理后的常规石斑鱼专用饲料进行投喂石斑鱼即可；
所述的常规石斑鱼专用饲料和中药液重量比为1:18。
所述的中药液，由以下重量份的原料制成：广金钱草26份，浮小麦30 份，佛甲草3份。
所述的中药液制备方法为：按重量份称取全部中药液原料，加入其重量12倍的水，在100kHz频率和50℃温度下超声波提取12min，得到超声波提取液，再与超声波提取液等同重量的水混合均匀即可。
实施例2
提高石斑鱼免疫力的养殖方法，包括以下制备步骤：常规石斑鱼专用饲料用中药液浸泡4min后，捞出，沥干，烘干，再照常规的方法，用处理后的常规石斑鱼专用饲料进行投喂石斑鱼即可；
所述的常规石斑鱼专用饲料和中药液重量比为1:13。
所述的中药液，由以下重量份的原料制成：广金钱草33份，浮小麦20 份，佛甲草7份。
所述的中药液制备方法为：按重量份称取全部中药液原料，加入其重量9倍的水，在125kHz频率和45℃温度下超声波提取15min，得到超声波提取液，再与超声波提取液等同重量的水混合均匀即可。
实施例3
提高石斑鱼免疫力的养殖方法，包括以下制备步骤：常规石斑鱼专用饲料用中药液浸泡5min后，捞出，沥干，烘干，再照常规的方法，用处理后的常规石斑鱼专用饲料进行投喂石斑鱼即可；
所述的常规石斑鱼专用饲料和中药液重量比为1:8。
所述的中药液，由以下重量份的原料制成：广金钱草40份，浮小麦10 份，佛甲草12份。
所述的中药液制备方法为：按重量份称取全部中药液原料，加入其重量6倍的水，在150kHz频率和40℃温度下超声波提取18min，得到超声波提取液，再与超声波提取液等同重量的水混合均匀即可。
对比例1
提高石斑鱼免疫力的养殖方法，包括以下制备步骤：常规石斑鱼专用饲料用中药液浸泡4min后，捞出，沥干，烘干，再照常规的方法，用处理后的常规石斑鱼专用饲料进行投喂石斑鱼即可；
所述的常规石斑鱼专用饲料和中药液重量比为1:13。
所述的中药液，由以下重量份的原料制成：广金钱草33份，浮小麦20 份，佛甲草7份。
所述的中药液制备方法为：按重量份称取全部中药液原料，加入其重量9倍的水，煮沸，保持沸腾状态10min，过滤，再与等同重量的水混合均匀即可。
将100尾石斑鱼鱼种放入池塘中，饲养3个月后石斑鱼患病害数为10 尾。
试验例：不同组成的中药液浸泡常规石斑鱼专用饲料对淡水石斑鱼养殖中患病害情况的影响，每个池塘放100尾淡水石斑鱼鱼种，，每个池塘对应投喂一种中药液组成的中药液浸泡过的常规石斑鱼专用饲料，饲养3个月，其余的淡水石斑鱼喂养管理方式完全相同，具体情况见表1。
表1石斑鱼患病害情况
注：上述表格中，除了中药液组成不相同，其它参数步骤与实施例2 的一样。
Claims (5)
1.提高石斑鱼免疫力的养殖方法，其特征在于，包括以下制备步骤：常规石斑鱼专用饲料用中药液浸泡3-5min后，捞出，沥干，烘干，再照常规的方法，用处理后的常规石斑鱼专用饲料进行投喂石斑鱼即可；
所述的常规石斑鱼专用饲料和中药液重量比为1:8-18；
所述的中药液，由以下重量份的原料制成：广金钱草26-40份，浮小麦10-30份，佛甲草3-12份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提高石斑鱼免疫力的养殖方法，其特征在于：所述的常规石斑鱼专用饲料和中药液重量比为1:13。
3.根据权利要求1所述的提高石斑鱼免疫力的养殖方法，其特征在于：所述的中药液，由以下重量份的原料制成：广金钱草33份，浮小麦20份，佛甲草7份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的提高石斑鱼免疫力的养殖方法，其特征在于：所述的中药液制备方法为：按重量份称取全部中药液原料，加入其重量6-12倍的水，在100-150kHz频率下超声波提取12-18min，得到超声波提取液，再与超声波提取液等同重量的水混合均匀即可。
5.根据权利要求4所述的提高石斑鱼免疫力的养殖方法，其特征在于：所述的中药液制备方法中，超声波提取时，温度为40-50℃。
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