CN107892364A - A kind of high-voltage electrostatic field formula sea water desalinating unit and seawater desalination system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-voltage electrostatic field type seawater desalination system, which comprises a high-voltage control system, a high-voltage electrostatic field type seawater desalination device, a heat exchanger, a heat circulation pump and a hot water storage tank. The bottom of the condensate tank is a condensate plate, and the low-temperature seawater enters the condensate tank. The condensed seawater passes through the condensate plate for heat exchange with steam. After the primary heat exchange, the seawater enters the heat exchanger for secondary heating. The hot seawater is pumped to the high-level hot water storage tank through circulating water. ;Then the high-level hot water storage tank is evenly distributed to the high-voltage electrostatic field seawater desalination distillation device, and the hot seawater is evenly distributed into the porous water-absorbing plate through the perforated pipe; under the high-voltage electrostatic field, the phase change of seawater occurs on the porous water-absorbing plate, The steam condenses on the condensing plate to form fresh water, which is collected by the interceptor plate; the concentrated seawater flows to the concentrated seawater sump at the bottom of the porous water-absorbing plate, and is finally discharged from the concentrated seawater outlet. The present invention is characterized in that the water evaporation rate is accelerated under the high-voltage electrostatic field, the water production efficiency is improved, and energy saving and benefit enhancement are achieved.

Description

A high-voltage electrostatic field type seawater desalination device and seawater desalination system

technical field

The invention is applied in the technical field of seawater desalination, that is, a new technology of seawater desalination which combines high-voltage technology and traditional distillation method.

Background technique

The two mainstream seawater desalination technologies, thermal method and membrane method, which are currently popular in the market, have their own defects. Among them, the single project investment of the thermal method is relatively high, the volume of the equipment is large, the cost of the device is high, the power consumption is large, and the energy consumption is large. The recovery rate is low, the water production efficiency is low, the degree of automation is low, and the heat transfer tube is severely corroded. The pressure of the high-pressure pump of the membrane method is high, the energy consumption is high, the requirements for the high-pressure pump and the membrane are high, and the degree of seawater pretreatment is high, the cost of the osmotic membrane is high, and it is easily affected by the quality of seawater. Due to the above shortcomings, the unit price of seawater is relatively high, which is also a key issue restricting the development of seawater desalination technology.

High-voltage electrostatic field technology has been widely used in recent years and has been widely used in various fields , especially in the fields of food drying, water treatment and physiology. Among them, in the field of food drying, the use of high-voltage electrostatic field technology can promote the characteristics of water evaporation , applied to the drying of heat-sensitive materials, the effect is remarkable; in the field of water treatment, the high-voltage electrostatic field technology is applied to the research on the scale inhibition performance of hot water circulation pipelines such as circulating cooling water, and it is found that the high-voltage electrostatic technology has good scale inhibition performance; In the field of physiology research, Xu Hongbin, Zhang Guisheng and many other scholars and experts have found that the high-voltage electrostatic field has a strong effect on the physiological activities of microorganisms. Under a certain intensity and time, it has a comprehensive effect of killing bacteria and algae.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the disadvantages of high energy consumption, high cost and low efficiency of the traditional distillation method, the present invention provides a high-voltage electrostatic field seawater desalination device and process. Combined application of high-voltage electrostatic field technology and traditional distillation method, compared with other thermal seawater desalination technologies (multi-stage flash evaporation method, low-temperature multi-effect, etc.), under the same conditions, the water production efficiency can be improved, and the energy consumption is low. No pollution, high degree of automation, obvious scale inhibition effect, can save water production efficiency and cost to a large extent.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is to add positive and negative electrode plates in the gas-liquid two-phase in the distillation chamber of hot seawater, and design it as negative high voltage (electrode needle) in the gas phase, and design it as a negative high voltage (electrode needle) in the liquid phase (porous water-absorbing plate). Set as positive and high voltage (electrode plate), a high-voltage electrostatic field is generated between the positive and negative plates. Under the condition of the high-voltage electrostatic field, the structure of the seawater changes, and some physical and chemical properties of the seawater change, which is beneficial to the water content in the seawater. Evaporation; the hot seawater is evenly distributed to the sump of the seawater distillation chamber through the perforated pipe. When the hot seawater passes through the underflow channel, due to capillary suction, part of the hot seawater passes through the porous water-absorbing plate and the positive plate, and the water undergoes a phase change on the porous water-absorbing plate. Turn into water vapor; the top plate of the distillation chamber is a condensation plate, where the water vapor realizes energy exchange, the water vapor condenses into fresh water, and the fresh water flows along the condensation plate to the fresh water sump; at the same time, the condensed seawater is preheated once to realize energy cycle.

The above-mentioned high-voltage electrostatic field type seawater desalination device includes a condensing device, a water vapor generating device, and a high-voltage electrostatic field generating control device.

The condensing device mentioned above includes the condensed seawater inlet distribution pipe, the condensed seawater outlet pipe, and the condensate plate, wherein the water inlet pipe adopts a perforated pipe to replenish water evenly; The waste water pipe regularly cleans the condensed water tank and drains the waste water; the condensed plate, as a place for energy exchange, heats the condensed seawater once, and the cold sea water absorbs heat from the condensed plate; at the same time, the water vapor undergoes a phase change, and the condensed plate absorbs water vapor Heat energy; the distilled water formed on the condensation plate is converged into a stream of water by small water droplets, and the water flow is throttled on the throttle plate on the condensation plate due to gravity, and then flows to the fresh water sump along the guide pipe at the throttle plate.

The steam generating device mentioned above comprises hot sea water inlet and distribution pipes, a porous water-absorbing plate, an underflow channel, a hot sea water sump, a hot sea water drain pipe and a distillation chamber bottom plate. The hot sea water inlet distribution pipe adopts perforated pipes to evenly distribute water, and the porous water-absorbing plate is erected on the bottom plate of the distillation chamber. The porous water-absorbing material is used, and copper mesh is laid inside the porous water-absorbing material, and there is a seawater underflow channel at the bottom. The water in the seawater undergoes a phase change on the porous material, from water to water vapor. At the same time, the concentration of seawater on the upper surface of the porous material becomes larger, and the concentration of seawater on the lower surface close to the underflow channel is smaller, resulting in extreme concentration differences. Medium salt transfers from high concentration to low concentration, and water transfers from low concentration to high concentration solution; at the same time, due to the evaporation of water on the upper surface and capillary force, seawater transfers from the underflow channel to the upper part of the water absorbing plate.

The above-mentioned high-voltage electrostatic field generation control device includes a high-voltage generation control system, a needle electrode (negative pole) and a copper mesh electrode plate (positive level).

The circulating heat source of the heat exchanger mentioned in the present invention can have many sources, and can be used in conjunction with solar energy technology, and the medium of the circulating heat source can be thermal oil with a higher specific heat; Waste heat is provided, and electric heating is used as an auxiliary heat source or a backup heat source.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that it can increase water production and reduce energy consumption under the same conditions; and under the condition of high-voltage electrostatic field, it can speed up the water evaporation rate, increase water production, and indirectly save energy and increase efficiency; It can prevent scaling on the bottom plate of the distillation chamber and reduce operating costs; at the same time, under the high-voltage electrostatic field, it has sterilization and bactericidal effects, and the desalinated water does not need secondary disinfection. The high-voltage electrostatic desalination system equipment is simple in structure and has a high degree of automatic control; Distillation and desalination are integrated, the process is simple, the degree of automatic control is high, the requirements for raw seawater are not high, the application range is wide, and it can be combined with solar energy technology.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-voltage electrostatic field seawater desalination system involved in the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram (sectional view) of the high-voltage electrostatic field type seawater desalination device involved in the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram (top view) of the high-voltage electrostatic field type seawater desalination device involved in the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the condensation plate of the high-voltage electrostatic field type seawater desalination device involved in the present invention.

Among them, Figure 1, 1-high voltage control system, 1a-DC high voltage negative pole connection terminal, 1b-DC high voltage positive pole connection terminal; 2-high voltage electrostatic field seawater desalination device, 2a-pretreatment seawater distribution tank, 2b-pretreatment Treatment of seawater distribution port, 2c-distilled water outlet, 2d-concentrated seawater outlet, 2e-DC high-voltage negative electrode contact end, 2f-DC high-voltage positive electrode contact end; 3-heat exchanger, 3a-heat exchanger water inlet, 3b- Water outlet of heat exchanger, 3c-inlet of circulating heat source medium, 3d-outlet of circulating heat source medium; 4-heat circulation pump, 5-hot water storage pool, 5a-water inlet of hot water storage pool, 5b-water outlet of hot water storage pool; 6 -Pretreatment seawater inlet pipe, 7-hot seawater inlet pipe, 8-condensed seawater outlet pipe.

Among them, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4, 1-Condensed seawater inlet and distribution pipe, 2-Condensation plate, 3-Condensed water tank, 4-Deflector plate, 5-Throttling plate, 6-Distillation chamber, 7-Fresh water sump , 8-condensed seawater outlet pipe, 9-barometer, 10-electrode needle, 11-electrode rod, 12-porous water-absorbing plate, 13-copper mesh electrode, 14-underflow channel, 15-hot seawater inlet and distribution pipe, 16 -Fresh water collection pipe, 17-concentrated seawater collection tank, 18-concentrated seawater drainage outlet, 19-cover plate of condensed water tank, 20-insulation board, 21-basic support, 22-thermo-hygrometer, 23-bottom plate of distillation chamber.

Detailed ways

Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. See attached drawings 1 and 2, the specific implementation method is that the seawater is pretreated to remove large particles in the seawater, so that it meets the requirements of condensed seawater; the pretreated (condensed) seawater passes through the pretreated seawater inlet pipe (6) Enter the condensed water distribution pipe (perforated pipe) in the condensed water tank of the high-voltage electrostatic field seawater desalinator (2), and distribute water evenly to the condensed water tank. The bottom of the condensed water tank is a condensed plate, and the condensed seawater passes through the condensed plate. Primary heat exchange; primary heat exchange seawater enters the heat exchanger (3) through the condensed seawater outlet pipe, and heats the seawater to the set value through the secondary heating of the heat exchanger (3) (the heat source is waste heat or solar energy, and electric heating is used as auxiliary heating) The temperature is sent to the high-level hot water storage tank (5) through the heat circulation pump (4), and the water is distributed to the high-voltage electrostatic field type seawater desalination distiller (2) through the hot water storage tank (5) with uniform constant pressure and constant flow; Seawater evaporation, condensation and collection of fresh water and concentrated seawater are completed in the field seawater desalination distiller (2).

See attached drawings 2, 3 and 4. The hot seawater is sent to the perforated water distribution pipe (15) in the upper part of the distillation chamber (6) through the preheated seawater inlet pipe, and the hot seawater is evenly distributed to the distillation chamber (15) by the perforated pipe (15). In the sump on the upper part of the chamber, the hot seawater flows evenly into the water-absorbing plate (12) from the sump. The water-absorbing plate (12) is made of porous material (large specific surface area). The flow velocity flows through the underflow channel (14), the hot seawater is sucked into the upper surface of the porous water-absorbing plate (12) from the underflow channel, and the concentrated seawater flows to the concentrated seawater sump at the bottom of the porous water-absorbing plate, and is finally discharged from the concentrated seawater outlet ;In the middle of the water-absorbing plate, a copper mesh electrode (13) is arranged, 3-5cm away from the upper surface of the water-absorbing plate, and an electrode needle (10) is provided; the top of the distillation chamber is a condensation plate (2), and the condensation plate (2) is corrugated Condensation plate in the form of a condensing plate (5), the junction of the condensing plate (5) and the condensing plate (2) is provided with a diversion pipe (4), and the diversion pipe (4) extends to the fresh water sump (7) ; Under the high-voltage electrostatic field, seawater undergoes a phase transition on the porous water-absorbing plate, condensing from liquid water into water vapor, and the water vapor undergoes a secondary phase transition on the condensation plate (12), condensing from water vapor into fresh water, and condensing The fresh water is temporarily collected at the interceptor plate (5) along the condensation plate (2), and is diverted by the diversion pipe (4) to the fresh water collection tank (7), and finally collected by the fresh water outlet.

The above-mentioned high-voltage electrostatic field seawater desalination system (core) refers to that the hot seawater in the hot water storage tank is sent to the upper perforated water distribution pipe in the distillation chamber through the water distribution system (water distribution pipe). The seawater is evenly distributed to the sump on the upper part of the distillation chamber by the perforated pipe. The hot seawater flows into the water-absorbing plate evenly from the sump. The water-absorbing plate is made of porous material (large specific surface area). Flowing through the underflow channel at a uniform flow rate, the hot seawater is sucked from the underflow channel to the upper surface of the porous water-absorbing plate by capillary action; at the same time, due to the difference in solution concentration, the concentration of seawater on the surface of the porous water-absorbing plate is increasing through evaporation. The solute of the solution is transferred from the upper surface of the water-absorbing plate to the underflow channel at the bottom of the water-absorbing plate, and the water in the seawater moves from the bottom of the water-absorbing plate to the surface, thus preventing the porous water-absorbing plate from being clogged due to residual salt and accelerating the flow of water. Evaporation transfer rate, improve desalination efficiency. A copper mesh with good conductivity and good corrosion resistance is interspersed in the middle of the water-absorbing plate, as the positive electrode of the high-voltage electrode, 3-5cm away from the upper surface of the water-absorbing plate, and a high-voltage needle electrode is provided as the negative electrode of the high-voltage electrostatic field. A high-voltage electrostatic field is formed between the positive and negative plates. Under the action of the high-voltage electrostatic field, the internal structure of the water molecule clusters is destroyed, making the water molecules volatilize more easily from the solution, and macroscopically increasing the evaporation rate of seawater water. . The water molecules volatilize and condense on the upper part of the distillation chamber (condensation plate). The water molecules condense and gather to form water droplets attached to the condensation plate. The condensed water droplets are collected by the throttling plate to form fresh water. The fresh water flows to the fresh water at the bottom of the condensation plate through the guide tube. Collecting tank for fresh water collection.

The mechanism and implementation method of the above-mentioned high-voltage electrostatic field refers to the fact that under high pressure, hot sea water forms a composite field of high-voltage electrostatic field and gravity field, which has a destructive effect on the structure of water molecule clusters and promotes the breaking of hydrogen bonds. The water evaporation rate increases to enhance the effect of water evaporation; the water vapor evaporates to the slope corrugated condensation plate on the top of the distillation chamber, and the hot steam liquefies and transfers heat energy to the metal alloy condensation plate with good heat transfer performance and corrosion resistance. The condensing plate then transfers heat to the cold seawater in the condensing chamber, and at the same time preheats the condensed seawater for the first time to realize energy cycle; after the steam condenses on the condensing plate, water droplets are formed, and the water droplets flow along the slope condensing plate to the pure water collection tank In, the external pure water collection tube is collected.

Claims (2)

1. A high-voltage electrostatic field type seawater desalination system (accompanying drawing 1), is characterized in that: A) The high-voltage electrostatic field seawater desalination system required in right 1. The seawater desalination system (Fig. 1) includes a high-voltage control system (1), a high-voltage electrostatic field seawater desalinator (2), a heat exchanger (3), and a heat cycle Pump (4), heat storage pool (5); B) The high-voltage control system (1) required in right 1 includes the DC high-voltage negative terminal (1a), the DC high-voltage positive terminal (1b); the DC high-voltage negative terminal (1a) and the needle electrode of the desalinator The DC high-voltage negative electrode contact terminal (2e) is connected by a wire, and the DC high-voltage positive electrode terminal (1b) is connected to the copper mesh electrode contact terminal (2f) of the desalinator by a wire; C) The high-voltage control system (1) required in claim 1 is also characterized by the air humidity in the distillation chamber, the temperature of hot sea water, and the distance between the electrode needle and the copper grid electrode as parameters to control the voltage value, and the high voltage generates DC Negative high voltage, the voltage range is -1kv≈-20kv, and the circuit loop is connected with a microammeter, a voltmeter and an electric energy meter; The negative pole of the output end of the power supply is connected to the contact terminal of the needle electrode, and the positive pole is connected to the copper mesh electrode in the porous water-absorbing plate and grounded. The outer material of the electrode needle and electrode rod is made of polytetrafluoroethylene insulating material, and the electrode rod and electrode needle are made of copper body. Material; D) The high-voltage electrostatic field seawater desalination device (2) required in claim 1 includes a pretreatment seawater distribution pipe (2a), a pretreatment seawater inlet (2b), a freshwater outlet (2c), and a concentrated seawater outlet (2d) ), the DC high-voltage negative contact terminal (2e), the DC high-voltage positive contact terminal (2f); the pretreatment (condensation) seawater distribution pipe (2a) is connected to the pretreatment (condensation) seawater inlet pipe (6), and the pretreatment (condensation) ) The seawater inlet (2b) is connected to the heat exchanger water inlet (3a), the distilled water outlet (2c) is connected to the heat exchanger water inlet (3a), and the concentrated seawater outlet (2d) is connected to the concentrated seawater drain pipe; E) The heat exchanger (3) required in claim 1 includes a heat exchanger water inlet (3a), a heat exchanger water outlet (3b), a circulating heat source medium inlet (3c), and a circulating heat source medium outlet (3d); where The circulation heat source medium inlet (3c) is connected with the circulation heat source medium outlet (3d) and the circulation heat source inlet and outlet; the heat exchanger water outlet (3b) is connected with the heat circulation pump water inlet; F) The outlet of the heat circulation pump (4) required in right 1 is connected to the water inlet (5a) of the heat storage tank, and the water inlet (5b) of the heat storage tank is connected to the hot seawater of the high-voltage electrostatic field type seawater desalination device (2) The water inlet is connected, and the hot sea water inlet is connected with the hot sea water distribution tank of the desalinator. 2. A high-voltage electrostatic field type seawater desalination device (accompanying drawing 2), characterized in that: A) Seawater desalination device in right 2 includes condensing (pretreatment) seawater inlet (1), condensing plate (2), condensed water tank (3), guide pipe (4), interceptor plate (5), distillation chamber (6) ), fresh water sump (7), condensation (pretreatment) sea water outlet (8), barometer (9), needle electrode (10), electrode rod (11), porous water-absorbing plate (12), copper mesh electrode (13), underflow channel (14), hot seawater inlet (15), freshwater outlet (16), concentrated seawater sump (17), concentrated seawater outlet (18), condensate tank cover (19), insulation Plate (20), foundation support (21), temperature and humidity meter (22), distillation chamber shell (23) and related valve connection accessories; B) Condensed seawater inlet (1), condensed seawater outlet (8), hot seawater inlet (15), fresh water outlet (16) and concentrated seawater outlet (18) of the seawater desalination device in right 2 are all installed temperature sensor and flow meter; C) The feature of the seawater desalination device in claim 2 is that the condensation plate (2) is made of corrugated copper material with good heat transfer performance, and the inner side of the condensation plate (2) is provided with an interceptor plate (5) and a guide pipe ( 4), the distance between the cutoff plates (5) is less than 50cm, the extension width is less than 15cm, the diameter of the diversion pipe (4) is dn16, and the angle between the condensation plate (2) and the horizontal direction is 45 ^o -60 ^o ; D) The porous water-absorbing plate (12) of the seawater desalination device in right 2 is parallel to the condensation plate (2), the porous water-absorbing plate (12) is made of composite concrete material with good water-absorbing performance, and the water-absorbing plate (12) is sandwiched between Copper mesh electrodes are set, and the distance between the copper mesh electrodes and the surface of the water-absorbing plate (12) is 5 cm; the copper mesh electrodes are connected to the positive pole of the high-voltage power supply and grounded; the porosity of the porous water-absorbing plate (12) increases sequentially from the upper surface to the lower surface, The particle size of the material also increases sequentially, and the bottom is an underflow channel (14); E) The still shell (23) of the seawater desalination device in claim 2 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene material with good insulation performance and high smoothness, and the insulation board is made of ceramic fiber composite board.