CN207210010U - A kind of high efficiency solar sea water desalinating unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a novel high-efficiency solar seawater desalination device, which comprises an evaporation box, a heat-conducting copper pipe with rectangular fins, a nozzle, a liquid level control valve, a conical distributor, a condensation tank, and a condensation copper pipe with longitudinal fins. , gas channel, fresh water tank, fresh water outlet pipe, liquid distributor, normal temperature seawater tank, air pump, trough solar collector and solar power collection system; the liquid distributor is installed above the condensation tank; the evaporation tank is installed on The bottom of the condensing box; the condensing copper tube with longitudinal ribs is vertically fixed in the condensing box and extends into the evaporation box, and the condensing copper tube with longitudinal ribs is connected to the liquid distributor. The utility model adopts solar heating and power supply, and uses the principle of air humidification and dehumidification to prepare fresh water. The device has a compact structure, high energy utilization rate, and can quickly and efficiently use sea water to obtain fresh water. important meaning.

Description

A new high-efficiency solar desalination device

technical field

The utility model relates to the field of seawater desalination, in particular to a novel high-efficiency solar seawater desalination device.

Background technique

With the shortage of fresh water resources, seawater desalination technology has been paid more and more attention by various countries. At present, many countries have taken seawater desalination as a key technology to solve the problem of fresh water shortage.

Seawater desalination is the process of separating the salt and water in seawater, and finally obtain fresh water and concentrated brine. The main traditional seawater desalination methods include distillation, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, freezing, hydrate and solvent extraction. . Among them, the reverse osmosis method uses the difference in the solubility of water and salts in the molecular lattice gaps in the semipermeable membrane to separate them; the distillation method uses the different boiling points of the components in seawater to achieve the separation of water and salt components. At present, the distillation method has achieved industrial production, but the traditional distillation method has high energy consumption, low economic benefits, complex structure of seawater desalination device, difficult operation and low heat exchange efficiency.

The utility model uses solar energy as energy and uses the principle of humidifying and dehumidifying air to desalinate seawater. The basic idea is that the hot seawater passes through the nozzle to form a liquid film on the rectangular fins and heat-conducting copper tubes. The heat-conducting oil from the solar collector transfers heat to the seawater to promote the evaporation of the seawater. The gas absorbs and takes away the seawater during the process of rising. The heat and the evaporated water vapor are the humidification process; the water vapor condenses on the longitudinal fins on the condensing copper tube to obtain fresh water, and at the same time transfer the heat to the lower temperature seawater in the tube, which is the dehumidification process. Humidification and dehumidification seawater desalination method is currently a research hotspot. It has the advantages of flexible scale, moderate equipment investment and operation cost, low heat energy can be used, low technical level requirements, and device miniaturization. promising approach. In the industry, there are relatively few studies on humidification and dehumidification seawater desalination devices; therefore, the development of new and efficient humidification and dehumidification solar seawater desalination devices is of great significance.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to propose a novel high-efficiency solar seawater desalination device in order to overcome the deficiencies and shortcomings of the above-mentioned background technology.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

A new type of high-efficiency solar desalination device, including evaporation tank, heat-conducting copper pipe with rectangular fins, nozzle, liquid level control valve, conical distributor, condensation tank, condensation copper pipe with longitudinal fins, gas channel, fresh water Tank, fresh water outlet pipe, liquid distributor, normal temperature seawater tank, air pump, trough solar collector and solar power collection system; the liquid distributor is installed above the condensation tank; the evaporation tank is installed at the bottom of the condensation tank; The condensing copper tube with longitudinal fins is fixed vertically in the condensing box and extends into the evaporation tank, and the condensing copper tube with longitudinal fins is connected to the liquid distributor; the nozzle is installed at the bottom of the condensing copper tube , and the nozzle is located in the evaporation box; the gas channel is installed at the bottom of the condensation box; the heat-conducting copper tube with rectangular fins is horizontally fixed in the evaporation box; the bottom of the evaporation box is a conical Distributor; the bottom of the conical distributor is provided with a concentrated seawater outlet, and a liquid level control valve is provided above the concentrated seawater outlet pipe; the fresh water tank is connected to the bottom of the condensation tank through a fresh water outlet pipe; the air pump passes through the pipe Connect the air outlet of the condensing tank and the air inlet of the conical distributor; the normal temperature seawater tank is installed above the liquid distributor and connected to the liquid distributor through a conduit; the trough solar collector is connected to the rectangular finned The heat-conducting copper pipe is connected; the solar power collection system is connected with the liquid level control valve and the air pump through wires.

Further, the evaporation box has a cuboid structure; the number of heat-conducting copper tubes with rectangular fins is 6 to 9; the spray head is connected to the condensation copper tube extending from the condensation box at the top of the evaporation box; the The conical distributor has a sieve plate for gas distribution and gas-liquid convection. The gas inlet is located in the middle of the conical distributor; the liquid level control valve adopts a combination of a float level switch and a small relay to adjust the The concentrated seawater accumulated at the bottom of the sparger is discharged.

Further, the spray head is a cubic porous structure or a spherical porous structure, which is used for spraying seawater.

Further, the condensing box is a cuboid with the same length and width as the evaporating box; 9 to 16 condensing copper tubes with longitudinal fins are evenly fixed in the condensing box, and 9 to 16 round holes are evenly distributed on the bottom of the condensing box to allow condensation The bottom of the copper tube passes through the evaporation box; 9 to 16 round holes are evenly distributed on the top of the condensation box, and the upper part of 9 to 16 condensing copper tubes with longitudinal ribs passes through 9 to 16 round holes on the top of the condensation box , connected to the liquid distributor above the condensation tank; there are 9 to 16 small round holes evenly distributed on the bottom of the condensation tank, each small round hole is welded with a gas channel, and each gas channel is connected with a conical cover through three thin pillars And leave a certain space between the gas channel and the conical cover to allow the rising steam to pass through; the lower part of the condensation box is provided with a fresh water outlet, and the upper part is provided with a gas outlet.

Further, the liquid distributor is installed above the condensing tank, which is a hollow flat cuboid structure, with 9 to 16 round holes evenly opened on the bottom to connect the upper part of the condensing copper pipe, and the top is provided with a seawater inlet at normal temperature, which is connected to the The normal temperature seawater tank has a flow control valve on the pipeline to control the water inlet rate of the liquid distributor.

Further, the trough solar collector is connected to the heat-conducting copper pipe with rectangular fins in the evaporation box through pipes, and the heat-conducting oil heated by the trough solar collector is passed into the heat-conducting copper pipe with rectangular fins through a heat-resistant pump. In the tube, the heat is released and returned to the heat collector for heat storage, and so on.

Further, the fresh water tank is connected to the fresh water outlet of the condensation tank through a fresh water outlet pipe with a valve; two baffles are arranged in the fresh water outlet pipe to form a liquid seal for the steam.

Further, the air pump is a low-power air pump, and there are 2 to 4 groups. Correspondingly, there are 2 to 4 gas outlets on the upper part of the condensation box and the air inlet in the middle of the conical distributor. The air pump passes the condensation box through the pipeline. The upper part of the gas is pumped out and blown into the conical distributor. The negative pressure environment formed on the top of the condensation box promotes the gas in the device to flow upward from the conical distributor and exchange heat and mass with seawater to form a gas cycle.

Further, the solar power collection system includes a solar photovoltaic panel, a controller, an inverter and a storage battery. The solar photovoltaic panel uses the photovoltaic effect of solar cells to convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy, which is given by other components. Liquid level control valve, small power air pump for power supply. The solar photovoltaic panel is connected to the input end of the controller, the battery is connected to the battery interface of the controller, and the inverter is connected to the output end of the controller; the inverter is connected to the liquid level control valve and the air pump.

Further, the evaporating box and the nozzle are made of PVC material with strong corrosion resistance, and the evaporating box and the condensing box are provided with a thermal insulation layer made of polystyrene material; the condensing copper pipe with longitudinal fins Anti-corrosion and anti-scaling coatings are provided on the inner wall and fin surface, and the outer wall and fin surface of the heat-conducting copper tube with rectangular fins; all connecting parts between the box body and the pipeline are equipped with waterproof fixing rings.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and effects:

1. In the evaporation box of the present invention, a cubic nozzle is used to evenly spray seawater from four sides to form a liquid film on both sides of a plurality of rectangular fins, which increases the heat transfer area and improves the evaporation efficiency.

2. The utility model adopts a sieve plate. The hot concentrated seawater flows into the conical distributor below through the sieve plate. At the same time, the gas generated by the air pump can rise evenly after passing through the sieve plate, and more fully absorb the concentrated seawater on the sieve plate. The heat of the sea water and the evaporated water vapor of the rectangular fins improve the energy utilization rate.

3. The water outlet of the conical distributor at the lower part of the evaporation box of the utility model adopts a liquid level control valve. After the seawater reaches a certain depth, the liquid level control valve opens the valve, and the seawater flows out from the water outlet. The liquid level control valve makes the seawater at the water outlet act as a liquid seal, preventing the gas generated by the air pump from flowing out of the water outlet.

4. The bottom of the condensing box of the utility model adopts a structure in which a conical cover and a gas channel are connected. There is a certain space between the gas channel and the conical cover to facilitate the upward entry of hot steam into the condensing box. The conical cover plays the role of diversion , so that the condensed water drips down and flows along the conical cover to the bottom of the condensing tank without flowing back to the evaporating tank through the gas channel, so that the air flow and the condensed water flow do not interfere with each other, thereby improving the fresh water recovery rate of the device.

5. The utility model adopts a condensing copper tube with longitudinal fins, and the longitudinal fins increase the heat transfer area to strengthen heat transfer and improve the condensation efficiency. The normal-temperature seawater in the condensing copper tube is used as the cooling source of the condensing box, and at the same time, it is preheated by the heat released by the condensation of the hot steam, which improves the energy utilization rate. After the preheated seawater enters the evaporation tank through the nozzle, the seawater in the normal temperature seawater tank continues to inject into the condensing copper tube, which ensures that the temperature of the cold source is low enough during cooling, and can continue to play the role of cooling water vapor.

6. The utility model adopts heat conduction oil for heat transfer, which has uniform heating, accurate temperature control, good heat transfer effect, energy saving, and avoids corrosion of seawater on the heat collector.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a new high-efficiency solar desalination device;

Fig. 2 is the lateral cross-sectional view of the condensation box of the novel high-efficiency solar seawater desalination device;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the evaporation box of the new high-efficiency solar desalination device;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the fresh water outlet pipeline of the novel high-efficiency solar seawater desalination device;

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram after the conical cover of the novel high-efficiency solar desalination device is connected with the gas channel;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a nozzle of a novel high-efficiency solar desalination device.

The components in the figure are as follows:

Evaporation box 1, sieve plate 101, heat-conducting copper tube with rectangular fins 102, nozzle 103, liquid level control valve 104, conical distributor 105, condensation tank 2, condensing copper tube with longitudinal fins 201, conical cover 202, gas channel 203, liquid distributor 3, fresh water tank 4, fresh water outlet pipe 401, normal temperature sea water tank 5, air pump 6, trough solar collector 7, solar photovoltaic panel 801, controller 802, inverter 803, Battery 804, flow control valve 9.

Detailed ways

For the convenience of those skilled in the art to understand, the utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

As shown in Figures 1 to 6, a new type of high-efficiency solar desalination device includes an evaporation box 1, a heat-conducting copper tube 102 with rectangular fins, a nozzle 103, a liquid level control valve 104, a conical distributor 105, and a condensation box. 2. Condensing copper pipe 201 with longitudinal fins, gas channel 203, fresh water tank 4, fresh water outlet pipe 401, liquid distributor 3, normal temperature sea water tank 5, air pump 6, trough solar collector 7 and solar power collection system 8; the liquid distributor 3 is installed above the condensation box 2; the evaporation box 1 is installed at the bottom of the condensation box 2; the condensation copper pipe 201 with longitudinal fins is vertically fixed in the condensation box 2 and extends to In the evaporation box 1, the condensing copper tube 201 with longitudinal ribs is connected to the liquid distributor 3; the spray head 103 is installed at the bottom of the condensing copper tube 201, and the spray head 103 is located in the evaporation box 1; the gas The channel 203 is installed at the bottom of the condensation box 2; the heat-conducting copper tube 102 with rectangular fins is horizontally fixed in the evaporation box 1; the bottom of the evaporation box 1 is a conical distributor 105 with a sieve plate 101; the cone The bottom of the shaped distributor 105 is provided with a concentrated seawater outlet, and a liquid level control valve 104 is arranged above the concentrated seawater outlet pipe; the fresh water tank 4 is connected to the bottom of the condensation tank 2 through a fresh water outlet pipe 401; the air pump 6 passes through a pipeline Connect the air outlet of the condensation tank 2 and the air inlet of the conical distributor 105; the normal temperature seawater tank 5 is installed above the liquid distributor 3, and is connected with the liquid distributor 3 through a conduit; the trough solar collector 7 passes through The pipe is connected to the heat-conducting copper pipe 102 with rectangular fins; the solar power collection system 8 is connected to the liquid level control valve 104 and the air pump 6 through wires. The evaporation box 1 has a cuboid structure; the number of heat-conducting copper tubes 102 with rectangular fins is 9; the nozzle 103 is connected to the condensation copper tube 201 extending from the condensation box 2 at the top of the evaporation box 1; The conical distributor 105 has a sieve plate 101 for gas distribution and gas-liquid convection, and the gas inlet is located in the middle of the conical distributor 105; the liquid level control valve 104 is a combination of a float level switch and a small relay The concentrated seawater accumulated at the bottom of the conical sparger 105 is discharged in the same way. The spray head 103 is a cubic porous structure or a spherical porous structure, which is used for spraying seawater. The condensing box 2 is a cuboid with the same length and width as the evaporating box 1; 9 condensing copper tubes 201 with longitudinal ribs are evenly fixed in the condensing box 2, and 9 round holes are uniformly arranged on the bottom of the condensing box 2 to allow the condensing copper tubes The bottom of 201 passes through and enters the evaporation box 1; the top of the condensation box 2 is also uniformly distributed with 9 round holes, and the upper part of 9 condensing copper pipes with longitudinal ribs passes through the 9 round holes on the top of the condensation box, and is connected to the condensing box. The liquid distributor 3 above the box; 16 small round holes are evenly distributed on the bottom of the condensing box 2, and a gas passage 203 is welded on each small round hole, and each gas passage 203 is connected with a conical cover 202 through three thin pillars and A certain space is left between the gas channel 203 and the conical cover 202 to allow the rising steam to pass through; the lower part of the condensation box 2 is provided with a fresh water outlet, and the upper part is provided with a gas outlet. The liquid distributor 3 is installed above the condensing tank 2, and is a hollow flat cuboid structure. There are 9 round holes uniformly opened on the bottom to connect the upper part of the condensing copper pipe 201. The top is provided with a normal-temperature seawater inlet, which is connected to the normal-temperature seawater through a pipeline. The tank 5 is provided with a flow control valve 9 on the pipeline, which is used to control the water inlet rate of the liquid distributor. The trough solar heat collector 7 is connected to the heat-conducting copper pipe 102 with rectangular fins in the evaporation box through pipes, and the heat-conducting oil heated by the trough solar heat collector 7 is passed into the heat-conducting copper pipe with rectangular fins through a heat-resistant pump. In the tube 102, the heat is released and returned to the heat collector for heat storage, and so on. The fresh water tank 4 is connected to the fresh water outlet of the condensation tank 2 through a fresh water outlet pipe 401 with a valve; two baffles are arranged in the fresh water outlet pipe 401 to form a liquid seal for the steam. The air pump 6 is a low-power air pump, and there are 2 to 4 groups. Correspondingly, the gas outlet on the top of the condensation box 2 and the air inlet in the middle of the conical distributor 105 are provided with 2 to 4, and the air pump 6 will condense the gas through the pipeline. The gas in the upper part of the tank 2 is pumped out and blown into the conical distributor 105. The negative pressure environment formed on the top of the condensation tank 2 promotes the gas in the device to flow upward from the conical distributor 105 and exchange heat and mass with seawater to form a gas cycle. . The solar power collection system 8 includes a solar photovoltaic panel 801, a controller 802, an inverter 803, and a storage battery 804. The solar photovoltaic panel 801 uses the photovoltaic effect of a solar cell to convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy, through Other components supply power to the liquid level control valve 104 and the low-power air pump 6 . The solar photovoltaic panel 801 is connected to the input end of the controller 802, the battery 804 is connected to the battery interface of the controller 802, and the inverter 803 is connected to the output end of the controller 802; the inverter 803 and the liquid level control valve 104 , Air pump 6 is connected. The evaporation box 1 and the nozzle 103 are made of PVC material with strong corrosion resistance, and the outside of the evaporation box 1 and the condensation box 2 is provided with a thermal insulation layer made of polystyrene material; the condensation copper with longitudinal fins The inner wall and fin surface of the tube 201, the outer wall of the heat-conducting copper tube 102 with rectangular fins and the fin surface are provided with an anti-corrosion and anti-scale coating; all connecting parts of the box body and the pipeline are provided with waterproof fixing rings.

The working process of a new high-efficiency solar desalination device can be divided into two processes: humidification and dehumidification.

The device is under the sunlight, and the solar photovoltaic panel and the trough solar heat collector 7 start to work. Wherein the solar photovoltaic panel converts the light energy into electric energy for the work of the air pump 6 and the liquid level control valve 104, and the trough solar heat collector 7 converts the light energy into heat energy, and uses the heat energy to heat the heat transfer oil. The heat-conducting oil passes through the heat-resistant pump into the heat-conducting copper tube 102 with rectangular fins, and continuously transfers heat from the trough solar collector 7 to the heat-conducting copper tube 102 with rectangular fins, and then circulates back to the trough-type solar collector 7 7 in the solar collector.

Open the flow regulating valve 9 of the water outlet pipe of the normal temperature seawater tank 5, and the normal temperature seawater is injected into the condensing copper pipe 201 with longitudinal fins through the liquid distributor 3, and at the same time, the seawater is evenly sprayed from all sides by the nozzle 103 to form a liquid film on the rectangular fins, It is heated and evaporated by the heat-conducting copper tube 102 with rectangular fins.

Turn on the air pump 6, and the generated gas will rise evenly after passing through the sieve plate 101. After the gas absorbs the heat of the sea water on the sieve plate 101 and each rectangular fin, the air will heat up, and the moisture carrying capacity will increase. After the sea water vaporizes, it will become water vapor, making the air Humidity increased. This is the humidification process. At the same time, hot concentrated seawater flows into the conical distributor 105 through the sieve plate 101 along the rectangular fins. After the seawater reaches a certain depth, the liquid level control valve 104 opens the valve, and the seawater flows out from the water outlet. The liquid level control valve 104 makes the seawater at the water outlet act as a liquid seal, preventing the gas generated by the air pump 6 from flowing out of the water outlet.

Water vapor flows through the gas channel 203, flows out from the space between the gas channel 203 and the conical cover 202 and flows upwards, condenses on the longitudinal fins on the condensing copper pipe 201, and the condensed water drips down to the bottom of the condensation box 2 along the longitudinal fins Or on the conical cover 202, the conical cover 202 acts as a flow guide, so that the condensed water flows along the cone to the bottom of the condensing box and does not flow back to the evaporation box 1 through the gas channel 203, which is a dehumidification process. The normal temperature seawater in the condensing copper pipe is used as the cooling source of the condensation tank 2, and is preheated by the heat released by the condensation of the hot steam at the same time. The copper pipe 201 ensures that the temperature of the cold source is low enough during cooling.

The fresh water outlet pipe 401 is provided with a baffle at the top and bottom respectively, so that the fresh water acts as a liquid seal and prevents steam from being discharged from the fresh water outlet pipe 401 . The valve of the fresh water outlet pipe 401 is opened, and the fresh water flows into the fresh water tank 4 from the water outlet of the condensation tank 2 .

When the system works, the gas is a circulation system, and the air pump 6 takes out the air in the condensation box 2 and transports it to the conical distributor 105. The negative pressure environment formed on the top of the condensation box 2 promotes the gas in the device from the conical distributor 105 upwards. It flows and exchanges heat and mass with seawater to form a gas cycle.

The above-mentioned embodiments of the present utility model are only examples for clearly illustrating the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present utility model. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other changes or changes in different forms can be made on the basis of the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation manners here. All modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the utility model shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the utility model.

Claims (9)

1. A new type of high-efficiency solar desalination device, characterized in that it includes an evaporation box (1), a heat-conducting copper tube with rectangular fins (102), a nozzle (103), a liquid level control valve (104), a conical distribution device (105), condensing box (2), condensing copper tube with longitudinal fins (201), gas channel (203), fresh water tank (4), fresh water outlet pipe (401), liquid distributor (3), room temperature Seawater tank (5), air pump (6), trough solar collector (7) and solar power collection system (8); the liquid distributor (3) is installed above the condensation tank (2); the evaporation tank (1) Installed at the bottom of the condensing box (2); the condensing copper pipe (201) with longitudinal fins is vertically fixed in the condensing box (2) and extends into the evaporating box (1), and the strip The condensing copper pipe (201) of the longitudinal fin is connected to the liquid distributor (3); the nozzle (103) is installed at the bottom of the condensing copper pipe (201), and the nozzle (103) is located in the evaporation box (1); The gas channel (203) is installed at the bottom of the condensation box (2); the heat-conducting copper tube (102) with rectangular fins is horizontally fixed in the evaporation box (1); the bottom of the evaporation box (1) is equipped with The conical distributor (105) of the sieve plate (101); the bottom of the conical distributor (105) is provided with a concentrated seawater outlet, and a liquid level control valve (104) is provided above the concentrated seawater outlet pipe; the The fresh water tank (4) is connected to the bottom of the condensation tank (2) through a fresh water outlet pipe (401); the air pump (6) is connected to the air outlet of the condensation tank (2) and the air inlet of the conical distributor (105) through a pipeline; the The normal-temperature seawater tank (5) is installed above the liquid distributor (3), and is connected to the liquid distributor (3) through a conduit; the trough solar collector (7) is connected to the heat-conducting copper connected to the pipe (102); the solar power collection system (8) is connected to the liquid level control valve (104) and the air pump (6) through wires. 2. The new high-efficiency solar desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the evaporation tank (1) has a cuboid structure; the number of heat-conducting copper tubes (102) with rectangular fins is 6 to 9; The spray head (103) is connected to the condensation copper pipe (201) extending from the condensation box (2) at the top of the evaporation box (1); the conical distributor (105) has a sieve plate (101), For gas distribution and gas-liquid convection, the gas inlet is located in the middle of the conical distributor (105); the liquid level control valve (104) controls the conical distributor ( 105) The concentrated seawater accumulated at the bottom is discharged. 3. The new high-efficiency solar seawater desalination device according to claim 2, characterized in that, the nozzle (103) has a cubic porous structure or a spherical porous structure. 4. The new high-efficiency solar seawater desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the condensation box (2) is in the shape of a cuboid with the same length and width as the evaporation box (1); the condensation box (2) is evenly fixed 9 Up to 16 condensing copper tubes (201) with longitudinal fins, the bottom of the condensing box (2) is evenly distributed with round holes to allow the bottom of the condensing copper tubes (201) to pass through and enter the evaporation box (1); the top of the condensing box (2) There are also round holes evenly distributed on the top, and the upper part of the condensation copper pipe (201) with longitudinal ribs passes through the round holes on the top of the condensation box, and is connected to the liquid distributor (3) above the condensation box; the bottom of the condensation box (2) is evenly distributed There are small round holes, and gas passages (203) are welded on each small round hole, and each gas passage (203) is connected with a conical cover (202) through three thin pillars to make the gas passage (203) and the conical cover (202) leave a certain space between them to allow the rising steam to pass through. 5. The new high-efficiency solar seawater desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid distributor (3) is installed above the condensation tank (2), and is a hollow flat cuboid structure, with round holes evenly opened at the bottom for To connect the upper part of the condensing copper pipe (201), the top is provided with a normal-temperature seawater inlet, connected to the normal-temperature seawater tank (5) through a pipeline, and a flow control valve (9) is provided on the pipeline. 6. The new high-efficiency solar seawater desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the trough solar collector (7) is connected to the heat-conducting copper pipe (102) with rectangular fins in the evaporation box through pipes. 7. The new high-efficiency solar seawater desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fresh water tank (4) is connected to the fresh water outlet of the condensation tank (2) through a fresh water outlet pipe (401) with a valve; Two baffles are arranged in the pipeline (401) to form a liquid seal for the steam. 8. The new high-efficiency solar desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the solar power collection system (8) includes a solar photovoltaic panel (801), a controller (802), an inverter (803) and The battery (804), the solar photovoltaic panel (801) is connected to the input terminal of the controller (802), the battery (804) is connected to the battery interface of the controller (802), and the inverter (803) is connected to the controller (802) ) output end; the inverter (803) is connected to the liquid level control valve (104) and the air pump (6). 9. The new high-efficiency solar desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the evaporation box (1) and the nozzle (103) are made of PVC material with strong corrosion resistance, and the evaporation box (1) and the condensation The outside of the box (2) is provided with a thermal insulation layer made of polystyrene material; the inner wall and fin surface of the condensing copper tube (201) with longitudinal fins, the outer wall of the heat-conducting copper tube (102) with rectangular fins Anti-corrosion and anti-scaling coatings are provided on the surface of the ribs.