CN107882842A - 单边螺栓紧固装置 - Google Patents

单边螺栓紧固装置 Download PDF

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CN107882842A
CN107882842A CN201711379086.3A CN201711379086A CN107882842A CN 107882842 A CN107882842 A CN 107882842A CN 201711379086 A CN201711379086 A CN 201711379086A CN 107882842 A CN107882842 A CN 107882842A
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fixed plate
nut
font
pad
elastic hinge
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CN107882842B (zh
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常鸿飞
徐玮
夏军武
张风杰
谢伟
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/108914 priority patent/WO2019119925A1/zh
Priority to AU2018386755A priority patent/AU2018386755B2/en
Priority to US16/484,963 priority patent/US10941803B2/en
Priority to RU2019125793A priority patent/RU2710694C1/ru
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
    • F16B13/04—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front
    • F16B13/08—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front with separate or non-separate gripping parts moved into their final position in relation to the body of the device without further manual operation
    • F16B13/0833—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front with separate or non-separate gripping parts moved into their final position in relation to the body of the device without further manual operation with segments or fingers expanding or tilting into an undercut hole
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B37/00—Nuts or like thread-engaging members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B39/00—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts
    • F16B39/22—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening
    • F16B39/28—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening by special members on, or shape of, the nut or bolt
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
    • F16B19/04—Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
    • F16B19/08—Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets
    • F16B19/10—Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets fastened by expanding mechanically
    • F16B19/1027—Multi-part rivets
    • F16B19/1036—Blind rivets
    • F16B19/1045—Blind rivets fastened by a pull - mandrel or the like
    • F16B19/1054—Blind rivets fastened by a pull - mandrel or the like the pull-mandrel or the like being frangible
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
    • F16B35/04—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws with specially-shaped head or shaft in order to fix the bolt on or in an object
    • F16B35/06—Specially-shaped heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B41/00—Measures against loss of bolts, nuts, or pins; Measures against unauthorised operation of bolts, nuts or pins
    • F16B41/002—Measures against loss of bolts, nuts or pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B43/00—Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Bolts, Nuts, And Washers (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种单边螺栓紧固装置，属于螺栓技术领域。本发明包括“Z”字型垫片、固定板、弹簧铰链、螺帽、螺母、整体垫片等。螺帽的顶端点焊连接固定板，固定板上均匀安装有多个弹性铰链，每个弹性铰链的一端可转动的固定在固定板上，弹性铰链与固定板的连接点不超出固定板的外沿，每个弹性铰链的另一端点焊连接有“Z”字型垫片，初始状态下多个“Z”字型垫片沿圆周方向均布贴合在螺帽的外壁上；需要从安装孔内穿过时，多个“Z”字型垫片能通过弹性铰链来翻折至螺帽顶端并形成回弹的弹性势能，本发明实现了简单快捷的单边安装螺栓，可以广泛应用于土木建筑工程、机械工程等。

Description

单边螺栓紧固装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种单边螺栓，属于螺栓技术领域。
背景技术
现有的螺栓分为螺杆和螺母两部分，需要在一侧插入螺杆，然后在另一侧将螺母拧紧。工作人员需要同时在构件两边作业，但是在某些特殊场合，比如封闭截面构件或不方便触及某一面的构件，使用常见螺栓将无法进行安装。例如：在钢管混凝土结构中，梁柱连接节点处，由于柱截面为闭合截面，普通螺栓不能进行两边操作，无法安装。现有的穿芯螺栓技术，对管壁两侧螺栓孔洞的预留精度要求很高，对准难度很大，且在边柱和角柱节点处难以应用。而现有的单边螺栓需要较复杂的安装工具和较繁琐的安装步骤。发明内容鉴于已有技术存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种制作简单、施工方便的新型单边螺栓紧固件。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的不足之处，本发明提供一种单边螺栓紧固装置，只需要在一侧安装螺栓，实现了单边紧固作业。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的：一种单边螺栓紧固装置，包括螺帽和螺杆，待连接的板件上制作有能使所述螺帽穿过的安装孔，螺帽的顶端点焊连接有固定板，固定板上均匀安装有多个弹性铰链，每个弹性铰链的一端可转动的固定在固定板上，弹性铰链与固定板的连接点不超出固定板的外沿，每个弹性铰链的另一端点焊连接有“Z”字型垫片，初始状态下多个“Z”字型垫片沿圆周方向均布贴合在螺帽的外壁上；需要从安装孔内穿过时，多个“Z”字型垫片能通过弹性铰链来翻折至螺帽顶端并形成回弹的弹性势能，所述“Z”字型垫片与螺帽的接触面为与螺帽外表面相同曲率半径的曲面Ⅰ；“Z”字型垫片与板件的安装孔的接触面为与安装孔内表面相同曲率半径的曲面Ⅱ；所述弹性铰链与“Z”字型垫片之间的点焊强度应保证：“Z”字型垫片复位后受螺栓预拉力作用与板件压紧，压紧后弹簧铰链与弹性铰链自动脱离。
所述弹性铰链是最大打开角为180°的双向回弹一段力铰链。
所述“Z”字型垫片为两片，所述固定板为长方形；或者，所述“Z”字型垫片为三片，所述固定板为三角形；或者，所述“Z”字型垫片为四片，所述固定板为正方形。
所述固定板的厚度为2mm。
所述螺帽与固定板之间的点焊强度应保证：“Z”字型垫片复位后受螺栓预拉力作用与板件压紧，压紧后固定板与螺帽自动脱离。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明只需要在一侧安装螺栓，实现了单边紧固作业；本发明中多个“Z”字型垫片在安装后卡住内壁和螺帽，起到紧固作用，紧固效果好；本发明中螺帽为圆柱形，制作方便，对板件的开孔较小，对其力学性能削弱较小；本发明中“Z”字型垫片是利用弹性恢复力的作用自行展开，无需辅助安装工具，操作简单；本发明满足钢结构设计要求，可以很好地应用于钢结构节点连接，尤其是钢管混凝土结构。
与现有技术相比，本发明“Z”字型垫片构造简单，适合工厂化生产；“Z”字型垫片整体性更好，可以承载较大的力，力学性能方面得到了加强；本发明所述单面螺栓紧固件在连接板件上开孔较小，对板件的削弱较少；现场安装时，利用弹簧铰链的自复位效果使“Z”字型垫片回弹，操作更为简单方便。可以广泛应用于土木建筑工程、机械工程等领域。
附图说明
下面根据附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1是本发明三维示意图。
图2是本发明“Z”字型垫片三维示意图。
图3是本发明固定板三维示意图。
图4是本发明安装前垫片旋转位置示意图。
图5是本发明“Z”字型垫片复位后整个单边螺栓装置的三维示意图。
图6为本发明使用状态示意图。
图中：1-“Z”字型垫片，2-固定板，3-弹性铰链，4-螺帽，5-锁紧螺母，6-整体垫片，7-板件，7-1-安装孔，8-螺杆。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步说明。
如图1-图6所示的一种单边螺栓紧固装置，包括螺帽4和螺杆8，螺帽4是圆形螺帽，待连接的板件7上制作有能使所述螺帽4穿过的安装孔7-1，螺帽4的顶端点焊连接有固定板2，固定板2上均匀安装有多个弹性铰链3，每个弹性铰链3的一端可转动的固定在固定板2上，弹性铰链3与固定板2的连接点不超出固定板2的外沿，每个弹性铰链3的另一端点焊连接有“Z”字型垫片1，初始状态下多个“Z”字型垫片1沿圆周方向均布贴合在螺帽4的外壁上；需要从安装孔7-1内穿过时，多个“Z”字型垫片1能通过弹性铰链3来翻折至螺帽4顶端并形成回弹的弹性势能，所述“Z”字型垫片1与螺帽4的接触面为与螺帽外表面相同曲率半径的曲面Ⅰ1A；“Z”字型垫片1与板件7的安装孔7-1的接触面为与安装孔7-1内表面相同曲率半径的曲面Ⅱ1B；所述弹性铰链3与“Z”字型垫片1之间的点焊强度应保证：“Z”字型垫片1复位后受螺栓预拉力作用与板件7压紧，压紧后弹簧铰链3与弹性铰链3自动脱离。
螺栓可为10.9级承压型高强螺栓，“Z”字型垫片1材料为20MnTiB（M≤24）或35VB（M≤30），固定板材料为Q235钢。
所述弹性铰链3是最大打开角为180°的双向回弹一段力铰链。
所述“Z”字型垫片1为两片，所述固定板2为长方形；或者，所述“Z”字型垫片1为三片，所述固定板2为三角形；或者，所述“Z”字型垫片1为四片，所述固定板2为正方形。
所述固定板2的厚度为2mm。
所述螺帽4与固定板2之间的点焊强度应保证：“Z”字型垫片1复位后受螺栓预拉力作用与板件7压紧，压紧后固定板2与螺帽4自动脱离。
本发明安装方式：“Z”字型垫片1绕弹性铰链3转动到螺帽4的顶部，使其能够顺利通过板件的安装孔7-1。“Z”字型垫片1通过板件的安装孔7-1之后，“Z”字型垫片1在弹性铰链3恢复力作用下弹回初始位置。沿轴向向外拉动螺杆，固定板随即脱离螺帽4，使“Z”字型垫片1与螺帽4紧密接触，拧紧六角螺母。所述“Z”字型垫片1在螺母拧紧后，将部分螺栓预紧力传递到螺帽侧表面与安装孔7-1内表面，形成类似杠杆作用，可以使螺帽、“Z”字型垫片和板件三者紧密固定住。
上述方案只是本发明的最佳实施方案，但在不改变本发明的精神背景下，所做的任何改进，均在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种单边螺栓紧固装置，包括螺帽（4）和螺杆（8），其特征在于：待连接的板件（7）上制作有能使所述螺帽（4）穿过的安装孔（7-1），螺帽（4）的顶端点焊连接有固定板（2），固定板（2）上均匀安装有多个弹性铰链（3），每个弹性铰链（3）的一端可转动的固定在固定板（2）上，弹性铰链（3）与固定板（2）的连接点不超出固定板（2）的外沿，每个弹性铰链（3）的另一端点焊连接有“Z”字型垫片（1），初始状态下多个“Z”字型垫片（1）沿圆周方向均布贴合在螺帽（4）的外壁上；需要从安装孔（7-1）内穿过时，多个“Z”字型垫片（1）能通过弹性铰链（3）来翻折至螺帽（4）顶端并形成回弹的弹性势能，所述“Z”字型垫片（1）与螺帽（4）的接触面为与螺帽外表面相同曲率半径的曲面Ⅰ（1A）；“Z”字型垫片（1）与板件（7）的安装孔（7-1）的接触面为与安装孔（7-1）内表面相同曲率半径的曲面Ⅱ（1B）；所述弹性铰链（3）与“Z”字型垫片（1）之间的点焊强度应保证：“Z”字型垫片（1）复位后受螺栓预拉力作用与板件（7）压紧，压紧后弹簧铰链（3）与弹性铰链（3）自动脱离。
2.根据权利要求1所述的单边螺栓紧固装置，其特征在于：所述弹性铰链（3）是最大打开角为180°的双向回弹一段力铰链。
3.根据权利要求1所述的单边螺栓紧固装置，其特征在于：所述“Z”字型垫片（1）为两片，所述固定板（2）为长方形；或者，所述“Z”字型垫片（1）为三片，所述固定板（2）为三角形；或者，所述“Z”字型垫片（1）为四片，所述固定板（2）为正方形。
4.根据权利要求1所述的单边螺栓紧固装置，其特征在于：所述固定板（2）的厚度为2mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的单边螺栓紧固装置，其特征在于：所述螺帽（4）与固定板（2）之间的点焊强度应保证：“Z”字型垫片（1）复位后受螺栓预拉力作用与板件（7）压紧，压紧后固定板（2）与螺帽（4）自动脱离。
6.根据权利要求1所述的单边螺栓紧固装置，其特征在于：所述 “Z”字型垫片（1）材料为20MnTiB（M≤24）或35VB（M≤30），所述固定板（2）的材料为Q235钢。
CN201711379086.3A 2017-12-19 2017-12-19 单边螺栓紧固装置 Active CN107882842B (zh)

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CN201711379086.3A CN107882842B (zh) 2017-12-19 2017-12-19 单边螺栓紧固装置
PCT/CN2018/108914 WO2019119925A1 (zh) 2017-12-19 2018-09-30 单边螺栓紧固装置
AU2018386755A AU2018386755B2 (en) 2017-12-19 2018-09-30 Blind bolt fastening device
US16/484,963 US10941803B2 (en) 2017-12-19 2018-09-30 Blind bolt fastening device
RU2019125793A RU2710694C1 (ru) 2017-12-19 2018-09-30 Устройство крепления болта с потайной головкой

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