CN107865865B - 一类乌药烷型二聚倍半萜类化合物在制备抗疟药物中的用途 - Google Patents

一类乌药烷型二聚倍半萜类化合物在制备抗疟药物中的用途 Download PDF

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CN107865865B
CN107865865B CN201610846831.XA CN201610846831A CN107865865B CN 107865865 B CN107865865 B CN 107865865B CN 201610846831 A CN201610846831 A CN 201610846831A CN 107865865 B CN107865865 B CN 107865865B
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lindane
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dimeric sesquiterpene
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岳建民
周彬
玛利亚·B·卡塞拉
吴艳
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Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica of CAS
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Abstract

本发明公开了一类乌药烷型二聚倍半萜类化合物在制备抗疟疾药物中的用途。该类乌药烷型二聚倍半萜类化合物具有显著的抗疟疾作用,它们骨架类型与已上市应用的抗疟药物完全不同,因此可能具有新的抗疟机制,可用于开发新型无交叉耐药性的抗疟药,进一步促进抗疟工作的进展。

Description

一类乌药烷型二聚倍半萜类化合物在制备抗疟药物中的用途
技术领域
本发明属于抗疟药物技术领域,涉及一类乌药烷型二聚倍半萜类化合物在制备抗疟疾药物中的用途。
背景技术
疟疾又名打摆子,是一种由疟原虫造成的,通过以按蚊为主要媒介传播的全球性急性寄生虫传染病。常见的疟原虫包括间日疟原虫(P.vivax)、三日疟原虫(P.malariae)、卵型疟原虫(P.ovale)和恶性疟原虫(P.faleiparum),其中以恶性疟原虫危害最大,临床以周期性寒战、发热、头痛、出汗、贫血和脾肿大为特征。疟疾主要发生于热带和亚热带,以非洲最为严重,是造成非洲儿童死亡的主要原因,每年约造成120亿美元的损失。据报道,2014年疟疾患者达2.14亿,死亡人数约43.8万,虽然疟疾的患病率以及死亡率有了明显的降低,但是在非洲等地区,收入少,医疗水平低下,疟疾仍是一大挑战。
疟疾的治疗可分为抗疟原虫治疗和对症治疗,前者主要包括:(1)对于氯喹敏感的疟疾可选用氯喹和伯氨喹;(2)耐氯喹疟疾可选用甲氟喹、磷酸咯萘啶和青蒿素衍生物;(3)凶险型疟疾发作时采用氯喹、奎宁、磷酸咯萘啶和青蒿琥酯静脉滴注治疗,后者则是根据症状加以治疗。目前,青蒿素联合治疗法是治疗疟疾的最有效手段,但在某些地区也产生了耐药性,急需新型的无交叉耐药性抗疟药物。
发明内容
本发明人首次发现,下述的一类乌药烷型二聚倍半萜类化合物具有显著的抗疟疾作用,它们骨架类型与已上市应用的抗疟药物完全不同,因此可能具有新的抗疟机制,可用于开发新型无交叉耐药性的抗疟药,进一步促进抗疟工作的进展。
本发明一方面提供一类乌药烷型二聚倍半萜类化合物在制备抗疟疾药物中的用途,所述乌药烷型二聚倍半萜类化合物选自如下20种化合物:
Figure BDA0001119735940000021
本发明另一方面提供了用于制备抗疟疾药物的上述乌药烷型二聚倍半萜类化合物。
本发明再一方面提供了一种抗疟疾药物,其包含选自上述乌药烷型二聚倍半萜类化合物中的一种或多种作为抗疟疾活性成分,并任选包含药学辅料。
本发明再一方面提供了一种治疗疟疾的方法,其包括向需要该治疗的患者给药选自上述乌药烷型二聚倍半萜类化合物中的一种或多种作为抗疟疾活性成分,或者上述抗疟疾药物。
本发明中的上述20个化合物可以是市售产品,或者根据现有技术中的已知方法制备,或者可以从5种金粟兰属植物丝穗金粟兰(C.fortune)、全缘金粟兰(C.holosteigius)、多穗金粟兰(C.multisachys)、及己(C.serratus)和金粟兰(C spicatus),以及1种草珊瑚属植物草珊瑚(S.glabra)的乙醇提取物中用色谱法分离得到。
我们通过对所述的乌药烷型二聚倍半萜类化合物进行抗疟活性筛选,首次发现该类骨架化合物具有显著的抗疟效果,该20个化合物表现出μM到nM的抗疟活性水平,9个化合物的抗疟活性在100nM以内(具体活性数据见表1),其中化合物7的活性最好,其抗疟效果是青蒿素的4倍。这类乌药烷型二聚倍半萜类化合物表现出显著的抗疟作用。同时,研究发现这类化合物与活性之间具有一定的构效关系,具有活性必须部分以及可优化改造基团,为进一步活性优化提供了依据。该类化合物结构与上市的抗疟药物完全不同、生物活性显著,很可能以新的作用机制表现出抗疟作用,具有很好的开发前景,有望发展成为新型的无交叉耐药性抗疟药。
附图说明
图1为化合物1的氢谱;
图2为化合物1的碳谱;
图3为化合物2的氢谱;
图4为化合物2的碳谱;
图5为化合物3的氢谱;
图6为化合物4的氢谱;
图7为化合物4的碳谱;
图8为化合物5的氢谱;
图9为化合物6的氢谱;
图10为化合物6的碳谱;
图11为化合物7的氢谱;
图12为化合物7的碳谱;
图13为化合物8的氢谱;
图14为化合物8的碳谱;
图15为化合物9的氢谱;
图16为化合物10的氢谱;
图17为化合物10的碳谱;
图18为化合物12的氢谱;
图19为化合物12的碳谱;
图20为化合物14的氢谱;
图21为化合物14的碳谱;
图22为化合物15的氢谱;
图23为化合物15的碳谱;
图24为化合物16的氢谱;
图25为化合物17的氢谱;
图26为化合物18的氢谱;
图27为化合物19的氢谱;
图28为化合物20的氢谱。
其中,在碳谱中,上面的是DEPT谱图,下面的是BB全谱。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例来进一步说明本发明化合物的制备步骤和药理实验过程。应理解,以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限定本发明的范围,本领域的技术人员可以对此作出种种修改和变化,在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,所有这些修改都涵盖在所附的权利要求书限定的本发明范围内。
实施例中的化合物的部分物理和理化数据如下:
Figure BDA0001119735940000051
Figure BDA0001119735940000061
仪器:核磁:Varian Mercury-500核磁共振色谱仪,以TMS为内标;质谱:LR(±)ESI质谱,Bruker Daltonics Esquire 3000plus型质谱仪。
实施例1
抗疟实验:对P.falciparum系Dd2疟原虫剂量-依赖性的生长抑制作用(氯喹啉耐药)是参考现有技术的方法,测试疟原虫在抑制剂存在下72小时的生长情况,以青蒿素作为阳性对照。疟原虫环状体时期(100μL每孔加入1%hematocrit(红细胞血液)和1%parasitaemia(寄生虫感染血液)在5.05%CO2、4.93%O2和90.2%N2的混合气体中不断提高抑制剂的浓度,在此条件下培养72h,37℃恒温。72小时候后,培养基中的疟原虫的生存率是通过SYBR Green I法用DNA计量法来测定的。半数有效浓度(IC50)是用Kaleida Graph进行非线性回归曲线拟合,报告的数据是对至少三次平行试验结果的平均值,给出标准差值。
表1.本发明中化合物1-20的抗疟疾活性结果
Figure BDA0001119735940000062
从测试结果(表1所示)可以看出,该类化合物具有显著的抗疟作用,9个化合物(化合物2、5、6、7、8、9、15、16、17)的半数有效浓度在100nM以内,其中化合物7的活性最好,其抗疟效果是青蒿素的4倍,这类化合物的结构与已报道的抗疟药完全不同,它们可能通过新的作用机制起到抗疟疾作用,因而可用于开发新型的无交叉耐药性的抗疟药。

Claims (1)

1.一种乌药烷型二聚倍半萜类化合物在制备抗疟疾药物中的用途,所述乌药烷型二聚倍半萜类化合物选自如下20种化合物:
Figure FDA0002304350790000011
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