CN107858829A - 一种微波氧化法制备聚丙烯腈预氧化丝的方法 - Google Patents

一种微波氧化法制备聚丙烯腈预氧化丝的方法 Download PDF

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CN107858829A
CN107858829A CN201711219888.8A CN201711219888A CN107858829A CN 107858829 A CN107858829 A CN 107858829A CN 201711219888 A CN201711219888 A CN 201711219888A CN 107858829 A CN107858829 A CN 107858829A
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余木火
韩克清
樊程
朱爽
张辉
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National Dong Hwa University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种微波氧化法制备聚丙烯腈预氧化丝的方法,其特征在于,配制去离子水/乙醇混合溶液,将吸波碳材料放入该混合溶液中,超声处理1~4小时得到吸波碳材料均匀分散的悬浮液,再滴加水解粘合剂,搅拌10~60分钟,制备出稳定的吸波碳材料悬浮液;将洗净的PAN纤维放入到粘合剂/吸波碳材料悬浮液中浸渍2~5个周期,然后将经涂覆的PAN纤维在室温下干燥;将PAN纤维在两端施加张力的情况下置于连续微波氧化炉中,通入含氧气体,在140~280℃的温度范围内进行氧化处理。本发明采用微波加热进行聚丙烯腈原丝的预氧化,可大大提高预氧化效率,缩短预氧化时间,减小能耗,从而降低碳纤维生产成本。

Description

一种微波氧化法制备聚丙烯腈预氧化丝的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种微波氧化法制备聚丙烯腈预氧化丝的方法,属于碳纤维材料技术领域。
背景技术
碳纤维具有高强度、高模量、耐高温、耐腐蚀、耐疲劳、抗蠕变、导电、传热和比重小等特点,属于典型的高性能纤维(王茂章.碳纤维及其复合材料[J].新型碳材料,1989(4):5-11.)。碳纤维作为21世纪的新材料,是航空航天、国防军事工业不可缺少的工程材料,同时也是民用工业更新换代的新材料。碳纤维的高成本严重限制了其应用领域,因此如何降低其成本成为碳纤维研究的关键。其中,预氧化过程耗时较长,预氧化工艺设备复杂,消耗能量较高,这就使得预氧化过程成本变高,导致整个碳纤维生产过程的成本大大提高。而微波加热效果与热传导和对流方式不同,其能量转变为加热物质分子的能量所需时间近似即时,可达到快速加热的目的,同时也避免了长时问加热所造成的热散失,是一种节能的加热方式。因此,聚丙烯腈原丝的预氧化过程采用微波加热,可以大大提高碳纤维的生产效率,并降低成本。
但聚丙烯腈原丝本身不吸收微波,若要提高其吸波性能需要在其表面上涂覆吸波材料(如炭黑、碳纳米管、石墨烯等)。张泽洋等人(张泽洋,刘祥萱,吴友朋等,宇航材料工艺,2011,41(4):11-14.)通过对三种碳材料的对比研究发现,碳纳米管的吸波性能最好。因此,可在PAN原丝表面涂覆稳定的吸波碳材料涂层,然后于微波氧化炉中进行预氧化反应。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的问题是:提供一种微波氧化制备聚丙烯腈预氧化丝的方法,其能有效提高聚丙烯腈基碳纤维制备过程中的预氧化效率,并减少受热不均,从而降低碳纤维生产成本。
为了解决上述问题,本发明的技术方案是提供一种微波氧化法制备聚丙烯腈预氧化丝的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1):配制去离子水/乙醇混合溶液,乙醇占混合液总体积的50~90%,然后将吸波碳材料放入该混合溶液中,超声处理1~4小时得到吸波碳材料均匀分散的悬浮液,再滴加水解粘合剂,其添加量为混合溶液体积的0.5~3%,搅拌10~60分钟,制备出稳定的吸波碳材料悬浮液;
步骤2):将洗净的PAN纤维放入到步骤1)得到的粘合剂/吸波碳材料悬浮液中浸渍2~5个周期,然后将经涂覆的PAN纤维在室温下干燥;
步骤3):将步骤2)得到的PAN纤维在两端施加张力的情况下置于连续微波氧化炉中,通入含氧气体,在140~280℃的温度范围内进行氧化处理,氧化时间为30~250分钟。
优选地,所述步骤1)中吸波碳材料为炭黑、碳纳米管或氧化石墨烯。
优选地,所述步骤1)中吸波碳材料在混合溶液中的添加量为0.1-10g/L。
优选地,所述步骤1)中水解粘合剂采用3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷或聚二甲基硅氧烷。
优选地,所述步骤2)中PAN纤维的一个浸渍周期为:将PAN纤维浸渍得到涂层后,在空气中干燥十分钟。
优选地,所述步骤3)中含氧气体为氧气或空气。
优选地,所述步骤3)中微波氧化炉分为六个加热区,并使用单独的温度控制器和热电偶来确定微波氧化炉内的温度分布,每个部分的微波功率为1~10kW。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)缩短预氧化时间,降低成本:该方法的预氧化过程主要在微波氧化炉中进行,微波加热效果与热传导和对流方式不同,其能量转变为加热物质分子的能量,因此所需的时间近似即时,可达到快速加热的目的,同时也避免了长时间加热造成的热散失,是一种节能的加热方式。因此,采用微波加热进行聚丙烯腈原丝的预氧化,可大大提高预氧化效率,缩短预氧化时间,减小能耗,从而降低碳纤维生产成本。
(2)减少预氧丝皮芯结构,提高预氧化纤维的结构均一性及致密性。
附图说明
图1为实施例3得到的预氧丝红外光谱图谱;
图中:a为30min;b为40min;c为50min;d为60min;e为70min。
具体实施方式
为使本发明更明显易懂,兹以优选实施例,并配合附图作详细说明如下。
实施例1
一种微波氧化法制备聚丙烯腈预氧化丝的方法:首先制备500ml的水/乙醇(体积比为40∶60)溶液,然后将2.5g纳米碳黑分散在水/乙醇溶液中,超声处理2小时,滴加悬浮液体积1.5%的粘合剂3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷并缓慢搅拌30分钟,制得稳定的悬浮液。然后将PAN原丝浸入悬浮液中5个周期后干燥。将干燥后的PAN原丝置于微波氧化炉中,两端施加张力,在微波功率为2000W下,预氧化90min,得到聚丙烯腈预氧化丝。
实施例2
一种微波氧化法制备聚丙烯腈预氧化丝的方法:首先制备500ml的水/乙醇(体积比为20∶80)溶液,然后将1.5g碳纳米管分散在水/乙醇溶液中,超声处理3小时,滴加悬浮液体积2%的粘合剂3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷并缓慢搅拌40分钟,制备出稳定的悬浮液。然后将PAN原丝浸入悬浮液中3个周期后干燥。将干燥后的PAN原丝置于微波氧化炉中,两端施加张力,在微波功率为4000W下,预氧化60min,得到聚丙烯腈预氧化丝。
实施例3
一种微波氧化法制备聚丙烯腈预氧化丝的方法:首先制备500ml的去离子水/乙醇(体积比为90∶10)溶液,将0.5g的纳米炭黑分散在300ml的去离子水/乙醇溶液中,超声处理2小时。滴加悬浮液体积2%的粘合剂3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷并缓慢搅拌30分钟,制备出稳定的悬浮液。将洗净干燥后的原丝浸入悬浮液中2个周期后干燥。将干燥后的PAN原丝置于微波氧化炉中,两端施加张力,在微波功率为4000W下,预氧化30-70min,得到聚丙烯腈预氧化丝。图1为该聚丙烯腈预氧丝的红外光谱图。

Claims (7)

1.一种微波氧化法制备聚丙烯腈预氧化丝的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1):配制去离子水/乙醇混合溶液,乙醇占混合液总体积的50~90%,然后将吸波碳材料放入该混合溶液中,超声处理1~4小时得到吸波碳材料均匀分散的悬浮液,再滴加水解粘合剂,其添加量为混合溶液体积的0.5~3%,搅拌10~60分钟,制备出稳定的吸波碳材料悬浮液;
步骤2):将洗净的PAN纤维放入到步骤1)得到的粘合剂/吸波碳材料悬浮液中浸渍2~5个周期,然后将经涂覆的PAN纤维在室温下干燥;
步骤3):将步骤2)得到的PAN纤维在两端施加张力的情况下置于连续微波氧化炉中,通入含氧气体,在140~280℃的温度范围内进行氧化处理,氧化时间为30~250分钟。
2.如权利要求1所述的微波氧化法制备聚丙烯腈预氧化丝的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)中吸波碳材料为炭黑、碳纳米管或氧化石墨烯。
3.如权利要求1所述的微波氧化法制备聚丙烯腈预氧化丝的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)中吸波碳材料在混合溶液中的添加量为0.1-10g/L。
4.如权利要求1所述的微波氧化法制备聚丙烯腈预氧化丝的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)中水解粘合剂采用3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷或聚二甲基硅氧烷。
5.如权利要求1所述的微波氧化法制备聚丙烯腈预氧化丝的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2)中PAN纤维的一个浸渍周期为:将PAN纤维浸渍得到涂层后,在空气中干燥十分钟。
6.如权利要求1所述的微波氧化法制备聚丙烯腈预氧化丝的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3)中含氧气体为氧气或空气。
7.如权利要求1所述的微波氧化法制备聚丙烯腈预氧化丝的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3)中微波氧化炉分为六个加热区,并使用单独的温度控制器和热电偶来确定微波氧化炉内的温度分布,每个部分的微波功率为1~10kW。
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CN111691012A (zh) * 2020-07-29 2020-09-22 常州市宏发纵横新材料科技股份有限公司 一种电控型聚丙烯腈原丝微波预氧化工艺
CN111691012B (zh) * 2020-07-29 2020-12-25 常州市宏发纵横新材料科技股份有限公司 一种电控型聚丙烯腈原丝微波预氧化工艺
CN113699694A (zh) * 2021-08-17 2021-11-26 苏州大学 静电纺碳纳米纤维的制备方法

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