CN107858492B - Change the alloy carburizing steel preprocess method of netted acicular ferrite in microscopic structure - Google Patents
Change the alloy carburizing steel preprocess method of netted acicular ferrite in microscopic structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN107858492B CN107858492B CN201711014930.2A CN201711014930A CN107858492B CN 107858492 B CN107858492 B CN 107858492B CN 201711014930 A CN201711014930 A CN 201711014930A CN 107858492 B CN107858492 B CN 107858492B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of energy-efficient preprocess method of netted and acicular ferrite in change alloy carburizing steel pretreatment microscopic structure, by the alloy carburizing steel part after forging rolling continuously across first cooling-heat preservation, at least once cooling during rolling-heat preservation and last cooling-heat preservation, it is finally cooled to alloy carburizing steel part equilbrium phase diagram perlitic transformation humidity province.Alloy carburizing steel part method for warming up of the invention, netted and other the non-bulk morphologies pro-eutectoid ferrites in alloy carburizing steel pretreatment microscopic structure are made to become granular ferrite, to be easy to the control of the subsequent machining of part and carburizing and quenching deformation, process is simple, and can a large amount of energy conservations.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to structural material technical field of hot working, netted needle-shaped iron element in especially a kind of change microscopic structure
The alloy carburizing steel preprocess method of body.
Background technique
For a long time, high energy consumption and a high time-consuming difficulty for always perplexing structural material hot-working preparation technical field
Topic? how efficiently using the temperature of different phase in hot procedure, rationally solve required various aobvious in phase transition process
Micro-assembly robot and performance can also reduce cost to not only guarantee and improve the quality of product, environmentally protective to have reformed into system
Make industry sixty-four dollar question most in the urgent need to address at present.
By taking the carburized gears of automobile as an example, be all at present will by the hot procedures of several highly energy-consumings (high temperature forging and
Rolling, isothermal normalizing, carburizing and quenching) and very time-consuming cold working process (rough turn, gear hobbing, roll flute) etc. complete, to ensure
Very high dimensional accuracy (compared with small deformation to reduce noise) and higher surface hardness (ensure reliability and durability).Such as
What fruit can remove the isothermal normalizing process in hot procedure reheats austenitizing (920-950 degree) most energy dissipating portion,
It not only can achieve the requirement in terms of energy-saving and emission-reduction, but also can deform to reduce due to blank and further decrease subsequent cold working
Pollution to environment.
Practice have shown that reduce and be heated at high temperature process again if you do not need to the heating repeated carrys out austenitizing, it is per ton
Only electric energy can save 400-520kwH to steel.It, 1 year can be with by taking 20000 tons of a medium-sized forging processing enterprise annual output as an example
Save ten thousand RMB of 608-790；If having 3000 same size forge plants to calculate according to the whole nation, 1 year can be country's section
Energy hundred million degree of electricity of 240-312, can save hundred million yuans of 182-237 altogether.Total power generations in 2016 of Three Gorges hydroelectric project are 87,000,000,000
Kilowatt hour, theory save electricity close to (4/29 to 3/14) of its year power generation total amount.And famous nuclear power station Daya Bay nuclear power plant
Power generation total amount in 2014 is 48,400,000,000 kilowatts, saves electricity close to (1/5 to 1/3) of its year power generation total amount.Saving electricity can phase
When in tens of ordinary mass power stations.With 350 kilometer motor vehicle group power of speed per hour, 8800 kilowatt hour, national totally 2500 high-speed rails
For headstock, save electricity runs 1090 hours for all headstocks.And from the perspective of environmental protection, it can be produced with 10,000 tons of coals
When raw 0.26597 hundred million thousand ten thousand for electric energy, if the part electric energy is both from thermal power generation, (902.36 can be represented by saving electricity
Or 1173.07) ten thousand tons of coals, (2054.8 or 2671.24) ten thousand tons of CO2 emissions can be reduced, (1.85 or 2.4) hundred million are equivalent to
The year purge amount of 30 years fire works of sequoia tree.It can be seen that the social benefit after energy-efficient continuous heat is significant.
However, the application of energy-efficient heat treatment method and technique in terms of pretreatment cannot be received completely always by market
There is following difficult point to need to solve:
First, how rationally to evade undesirable phase-change product using the complexity of phase transition process；
Second, how the phase transformation section under the conditions of coarse-grain is realized and is efficiently accurately controlled；
How third rapidly and efficiently completes required phase transition process without wasting time.
Since foreign countries carry out the monopolization of secrecy and equipment, domestic alloy carburizing steel pretreatment to advanced heat treatment technics
Equipment is nearly all " pseudo- continuous heat " production line at present；These " pseudo- continuous heats " are although production line has in energy saving link
Certain benefit, but the product produced is unable to reach expected effect and stability at all.Those it is so-called utilize continuous heat
The manufacturer of technique and equipment also recognizes, nominally it is that can only actually be realized common using continuous heat that they, which are appellation,
The General Result of heat-treatment production line produces the quality of product due to normalizing control direct after forging rolling and connection problem, at all
It cannot be approved by user.Its main cause has following two aspect, is first exactly that the technology and equipment not can guarantee accurate control
Microscopic structure can only guarantee to control abnormal structure (non-equilibrium microstructure martensite, bainite, ferrite net, acicular ferrite
Deng) 10% hereinafter, rather than not having.To bring " following process cutter rapid wear ", " part deformation " and " product quality is different
The a series of problems such as cause " are that car manufactures institute is unacceptable.Secondly as wheel blank stops forging or to stop rolling temperature higher,
Longer in high temperature austenite state for time, austenite grain is very coarse, and subsequent continuous heat does not obtain accurately again
Control, cause the machinability of forging stock to reduce, and finally influence carburizing after part precision and service performance.
With economic continuous growth, demand of the whole world to machine components type and quantity increases.Meanwhile it being risen with continuous
The high performance of grade and the requirement of lightness, forging rolling part must satisfy diversity, high-performance, long-life, economy and productivity
Deng requirement.By taking automobile gear carburizing steel as an example, in the past 10 years, the kind and demand of domestic automobile pinion steel be increased significantly.According to
Statistics, automobile annual output has broken through 28,000,000 within 2016, brings more than 300 ten thousand tons of Automobile Gear Steels of demand therewith.Due to each
The experience of state's resource and industrial development is different, even with carburized gears steel grade it is also not exactly the same.But since automobile is raw
Yield is very big, reduces cost in the case where stablizing and meeting military service performance requirement to its part, obtains market advantage
Essential condition, therefore cheap steel and innovative technology are used, and then reducing manufacturing cost is then common target.For this purpose, the world
Major motor corporation all pays attention to research and development low cost new steel grade and coming of new technology, up to the present, using similar steel
Kind and manufacturing technology, which reach joint development and the target of economic interests, already becomes a kind of situation.In the case, the U.S., Germany
Belong to the top technology of industry with the scientific achievement of the famous motor corporation such as Japan and research and development institution.From research and development Continuous Heat
Reason technology starts, and German suitable (HAYS) company and Yi Pusheng (IPSEN) company are just constantly in automobile gear alloy carburizing
The forefront of steel forging strip plate heat-treatment processing process and device fabrication.They are with technology and corollary equipment cluster sales service
For Main Patterns, various regions all over the world, core technology and product manufacturing are in confidential state to product, form international city
Field monopolization, obtains higher profit.However in its product microscopic structure still with about 10% non-normal tissue, pass through me
Early period many experiments it has been shown that by being precisely controlled, energy-efficient preconditioning technique newly developed can obtain micro-
Non-normal tissue is 0 in tissue, and pearlite and ferritic ratio are optimal.The two microscopic structure is as shown in Figure 6,7.Table
The bright technical level has surmounted state-of-the-art at present in the world, shows the stronger market competitiveness.
It is existing to be partly improved in preconditioning technique (directly cooling, no longer to reheat austenitizing), alloy carburizing steel
The heat treatment in advance of part is usually to be quickly cooled to the bulk of conventional balanced phasor after part hot-working (such as forging rolling)
Ferritic transformation area allows it to start to change in granular ferrite phase change zone, to attempt to avoid netted and acicular ferrite shape
At region.
But it is above-mentioned to be partly improved heat treatment in advance there are still following main problems:
1, it cannot be completely eliminated netted and acicular ferrite, obtain 100% granular ferrite and pearlite；
2, cutting ability is unable to get guarantee；
3, coarse microstructure problem can not solve；
4, the big problem of hardness fluctuations can not solve.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of alloy carburizing steels of netted acicular ferrite in change microscopic structure to locate in advance
Reason method makes netted and other the non-bulk morphologies pro-eutectoid ferrites in alloy carburizing steel pretreatment microscopic structure become block
Columnar ferrite, to be easy to the subsequent machining of part.
The technical solution for realizing the aim of the invention is as follows:
The alloy carburizing steel preprocess method of netted acicular ferrite in a kind of change microscopic structure, by the alloy after forging rolling
Cement steel parts are finally cooled down continuously across first cooling-heat preservation, at least once cooling during rolling-heat preservation and last cooling-heat preservation
To alloy carburizing steel part equilbrium phase diagram perlitic transformation humidity province.
Preferably, the alloy carburizing steel part equilbrium phase diagram granular ferrite transformation temperature ranges is 580~850 DEG C.
Preferably, the cooling velocity v1=2.22~2.50 DEG C/sec, holding temperature T1 of the first cooling-insulating process
=825~850 DEG C, keep the temperature duration t1=5~15min.
Preferably, cooling velocity v10=0.39~0.67 DEG C/sec of the last cooling-insulating process, holding temperature
T10=580~600 DEG C keep the temperature duration t10=60~120min.
Preferably, cooling velocity v11=0.15~0.16 DEG C/sec of the last cooling procedure.
Preferably, the cooling during rolling-insulating process is 1~8 time.
Preferably, the cooling velocity of the cooling during rolling-insulating process is respectively as follows:
V2=1.40~1.67 DEG C/sec, v3=1.20~1.42 DEG C/sec, v4=0.70~0.92 DEG C/sec, v5=
0.60~0.75 DEG C/sec, v6=0.50~0.55 DEG C/sec, v7=0.40~0.45 DEG C/sec, v8=0.30~0.35 DEG C/
Sec, v9=0.20~0.25 DEG C/sec；
The holding temperature of the cooling during rolling-insulating process is respectively as follows:
T2=780~805 DEG C, T3=720~745 DEG C, T4=690~715 DEG C, T5=675~680 DEG C, T6=665~
670 DEG C, T7=655~660 DEG C, T8=645~650 DEG C, T9=635~640 DEG C；
The heat preservation duration of the cooling during rolling-insulating process is respectively as follows:
T2=5~15min, t3=5~15min, t4=5~15min, t5=5~15min, t6=5~15min, t7=
5~15min, t8=5~15min, t9=5~15min.
Preferably for effective thickness in 30 millimeters or less alloy carburizing steel parts, cooling during rolling-insulating process number
It is 1~3 time；
Alloy carburizing steel part for effective thickness at 80 millimeters or more, cooling during rolling-insulating process number are 8
It is secondary；
For effective thickness at 30 millimeters or more, 80 millimeters or less alloy carburizing steel parts, cooling during rolling-insulating process
Number is 4~7 times.
Compared with prior art, the present invention its remarkable advantage are as follows:
1, netted and acicular ferrite can be thoroughly eliminated, guarantees that 100% obtains block-like ferrite and pearlite.This is aobvious
Micro-assembly robot can provide advantageous guarantee for subsequent control carburizing and quenching deformation etc..
2, be easy to subsequent machining: the present invention is not as conventional method directly by zero after hot-working (forging rolling etc.)
Part is quickly cooled to the granular ferrite limited proportionality of conventional balanced phasor, it is allowed to start to change in granular ferrite phase change zone, and
It is to stop it several times in ferrite net limited proportionality using accurate control heat-treating methods, allows ferrite desmachyme
It grows up and thickens, it is final that ferrites almost phase transformation is waited to be converted to block-like ferrite, perlitic transformation area is then transferred to,
Remaining austenite is set to be transformed into pearlite.By avoiding blocky pro-eutectoid ferrite phase change zone, to ensure that austenite contains
The relative stability of carbon amounts realizes needle-shaped and ferrite net being rationally transformed into granular ferrite, and the part of preparation is micro-
Tissue is entirely uniform granular ferrite and pearlite.Ideal displaing micro tissue topography, reasonable grain size and uniform hard
Degree distribution is all easy to subsequent machining.
3, it energy- and time-economizing: needs to reheat austenitizing in conventional pretreatment technique since the method for the present invention eliminates
The process of (900 degree or more), reduces the process most to consume energy, energy- and time-economizing.
4, can guarantee to complete and realize by continuous heat technique.
The present invention is suitable due to various alloy carburizing steel parts, and typical carburizing steel classification includes (but being not limited to following steel
Kind): Mn-Cr system, Ni-Cr system, Cr-Ni-Mo system, such as: 20CrMoH, 20CrMnTiH, 16MnCrS5,20MnCrS5,
The steel grades such as SAE8620, SAE8630, SAE 4130, SAE4615, TL4521.General phosphorus content between 0.15-0.35wt%,
Single alloying element content is less than 2wt%, and alloy total content is no more than 3.5wt%.
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of prior art alloy carburizing steel part the pre-heat treatment.
Fig. 2 is the technique stream that the present invention changes the alloy carburizing steel preprocess method of netted acicular ferrite in microscopic structure
Cheng Tu.
Fig. 3 is that ferrite net becomes granular ferrite process schematic
Fig. 4 is the microscopic structure proportional distribution map using the pretreated alloy carburizing steel part of the method for the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the microscopic structure proportional distribution map using the pretreated alloy carburizing steel part of the prior art.
Fig. 6 is that tested parts number #1 uses the pretreated micro-organization chart of the prior art.
Fig. 7 is that the part tested parts number #2 uses prior art part using pretreated micro- group of the method for the present invention
Knit figure.
Fig. 8 is that tested parts number #3 all uses the pretreated micro-organization chart of the method for the present invention.
Specific embodiment
For choosing the common alloy carburizing steel 20CrMoH part of automobile gear, retouching according to foregoing invention content respectively
It states, has carried out following case verifications.
Part description is as follows:
Tested parts (gear blank): 20CrMoH steel.Diameter: 285 millimeters, effective thickness: 28.5 millimeters
Embodiment 1: tested parts number #1
Using rapid cooling and slow cooling after the forging rolling being commonly used, then the heat treatment process of held for some time (is seen below
State processing step), processing step is not controlled accurately, coarse forging crystal grain can be verified to micro- after part pretreatment
The influence of tissue.Due to not taking multistage accurately to control, thus stop forging after be directly quickly cooled to 750 degree, then it is air-cooled extremely
600 degree, then be placed into 620 degree of holding furnace and carry out heat preservation 66 minutes.
Cooling velocity control of the above-mentioned technique in the specific holding temperature (and soaking time) and different phase of different phase
Range is as follows:
T3=750 DEG C, T9=600 DEG C, T10=620 DEG C；
T3=5sec, t9=5sec, t10=66min,
V3=1.62 DEG C/sec, v9=1.41 DEG C/sec, v10=0.11 DEG C/sec v11=0.15 DEG C/sec.
As shown in fig. 6, that obtain is a large amount of quasi-eutectoid pearlite of netted pro-eutectoid ferrite, hardness HB247.It is brilliant
Granularity is 4 grades.The significantly larger than requirement (HB160-190,5-8 grades of grain size) of conventional gear blank.And due to there is a large amount of nets
The presence of columnar ferrite, it is also very unfavorable to following Carburization Treatment, the standard requirements of client cannot be reached completely.
Embodiment 2: tested parts number #2
The heat treatment process (seeing below processing step) improved using part, does not control all processing steps accurately
System, it can be found that influence of the coarse forging crystal grain to microscopic structure makes moderate progress (ferrite net starts to thicken).But still have
A considerable amount of abnormal reticulum ferrites fail to have enough time becoming blocky, and ferrite net intra-die has acicular ferrite
(Wei Shi body) tissue generates (as shown in Figure 7).Hardness is HB198, and grain size is 3 grades.Also it is above wanting for conventional gear blank
It asks (HB160-190,5-8 grades of grain size), meanwhile, acicular ferrite (or being " Wei Shi the body ") meeting formed inside great number of grains
The Structure Inheritance for causing subsequent carburizing heat treatment, is still unable to satisfy the standard requirements of client.
Cooling velocity control of the above-mentioned technique in the specific holding temperature (and soaking time) and different phase of different phase
Range is as follows:
T1=825 DEG C, T2=790 DEG C, T3=740 DEG C, T4=700 DEG C, T5=685 DEG C, T6=675 DEG C, T7=670
DEG C, T8=660 DEG C, T9=580 DEG C, T10=640 DEG C；
T1=2min, t2=2min, t3=3min, t4=3min, t5=2min, t6=2min, t7=3min, t8=
3min, t9=4min, t10=70min,
V1=2.22 DEG C/sec, v2=1.40 DEG C/sec, v3=1.20 DEG C/sec, v4=0.70 DEG C/sec, v5=0.60
DEG C/sec, and v6=0.50 DEG C/sec, v7=0.40 DEG C/sec, v8=0.30 DEG C/sec, v9=0.20 DEG C/sec, v10=0.38
DEG C/sec v11=0.15 DEG C/sec.
Embodiment 3: tested parts number #3
Using efficient heat treatment method (seeing below processing step and accurate control parameter) of the invention, all techniques are walked
It is rapid to carry out accuracy controlling, coarse forging crystal grain is thoroughly improved to the adverse effect of microscopic structure.As shown in figure 8, completely eliminating
Netted and acicular ferrite presence can obtain 100% as granular ferrite and pearlite.Hardness is HB171, grain size
6 grades, client is all reached from every side to the microscopic structure of gear blank and requirement (HB160-190, grain size 5-8 of hardness
Grade).Due to the presence of no any nonequilibrium microstructure, the harm of Structure Inheritance will not be brought to the heat treatment after carburizing,
So can be used to substitute existing discontinuous heat treatment method, structure property double goal up to standard and energy-efficient is realized.
Cooling velocity control of the above-mentioned technique in the specific holding temperature (and soaking time) and different phase of different phase
Range is as follows:
T1=825 DEG C, T2=780 DEG C, T3=720 DEG C, T4=690 DEG C, T5=675 DEG C, T6=665 DEG C, T7=655
DEG C, T8=645 DEG C, T9=635 DEG C, T10=580 DEG C；
T1=5min, t2=5min, t3=5min, t4=5min, t5=5min, t6=5min, t7=5min, t8=
5min, t9=5min, t10=60min,
V1=2.22 DEG C/sec, v2=1.40 DEG C/sec, v3=1.20 DEG C/sec, v4=0.70 DEG C/sec, v5=0.60
DEG C/sec, and v6=0.50 DEG C/sec, v7=0.40 DEG C/sec, v8=0.30 DEG C/sec, v9=0.20 DEG C/sec, v10=0.39
DEG C/sec v11=0.15 DEG C/sec.
Fig. 6 is tested parts number #1 using the micro-organization chart after prior art the pre-heat treatment.
Fig. 7 is that the part tested parts number #2 uses prior art part using aobvious after the pre-heat treatment of the method for the present invention
Micro-assembly robot figure.
Fig. 8 all uses the micro-organization chart after the pre-heat treatment of the method for the present invention for tested parts number #3.
Can be seen that the present invention by the comparison of Fig. 6-Fig. 8 is that a kind of change alloy carburizing steel pre-processes in microscopic structure
Netted and acicular ferrite energy-efficient heat treatment method.The advantage is that:
1, equally distributed 100% granular ferrite and pearlitic microstructure can be obtained；
2, rationally (neither big nor small, 6 grades of grain size), hardness distribution is very narrow (can be with for the microscopic structure grain size obtained
It is maintained between 165-175HB)；
3, above-mentioned 1 and 2 realization ensure that good machinability；
4, reduce unnecessary Repeat-heating, can be a large amount of energy saving, meet energy-saving and environment-friendly green manufacturing idea of development.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of alloy carburizing steel preprocess method for changing netted acicular ferrite in microscopic structure,
Alloy carburizing steel part after forging rolling is cold continuously across first cooling-heat preservation, 1~8 cooling during rolling-heat preservation and last
But-heat preservation, is finally cooled to alloy carburizing steel part equilbrium phase diagram perlitic transformation humidity province；
The alloy carburizing steel part equilbrium phase diagram granular ferrite transformation temperature ranges is 580~850 DEG C；
It is characterized by:
Cooling velocity v1=2.22~2.50 DEG C/sec of the first cooling-insulating process, holding temperature T1=825~850
DEG C, keep the temperature duration t1=5~15min；
Cooling velocity v10=0.39~0.67 DEG C/sec of the last cooling-insulating process, holding temperature T10=580~
600 DEG C, keep the temperature duration t10=60~120min；
Cooling velocity v11=0.15~0.16 DEG C/sec of the last cooling procedure；
The cooling velocity of the cooling during rolling-insulating process is respectively as follows:
V2=1.40~1.67 DEG C/sec, v3=1.20~1.42 DEG C/sec, v4=0.70~0.92 DEG C/sec, v5=0.60~
0.75 DEG C/sec, v6=0.50~0.55 DEG C/sec, v7=0.40~0.45 DEG C/sec, v8=0.30~0.35 DEG C/sec, v9
=0.20~0.25 DEG C/sec；
The holding temperature of the cooling during rolling-insulating process is respectively as follows:
T2=780~805 DEG C, T3=720~745 DEG C, T4=690~715 DEG C, T5=675~680 DEG C, T6=665~670
DEG C, T7=655~660 DEG C, T8=645~650 DEG C, T9=635~640 DEG C；
The heat preservation duration of the cooling during rolling-insulating process is respectively as follows:
T2=5~15min, t3=5~15min, t4=5~15min, t5=5~15min, t6=5~15min, t7=5~
15min, t8=5~15min, t9=5~15min.
2. alloy carburizing steel preprocess method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
For the alloy carburizing steel part of effective thickness≤30 millimeter, cooling during rolling-insulating process number is 1~3 time；
For the alloy carburizing steel part of effective thickness >=80 millimeter, cooling during rolling-insulating process number is 8 times；
For the alloy carburizing steel part of 30 millimeters of 80 millimeters of ﹤ effective thickness ﹤, cooling during rolling-insulating process number is 4~7
It is secondary.
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| CN114317932B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-07-25 | 中航卓越锻造（无锡）有限公司 | Heat treatment method for obtaining balanced state tissue of thick-wall high-cylinder ring forging |
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| CN102286655B (en) * | 2011-08-09 | 2013-06-12 | 浙江万能达炉业有限公司 | Device and method for isothermal normalizing utilizing forging waste heat |
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