CN107853570A - 一种抗辐射防衰老药粥及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属保健食品技术领域，为有效保护辐照引起的免疫系统损伤，且对身体无明显的毒副作用，能清除体内自由基，防衰老，提供一种抗辐射防衰老药粥及其制备方法。由黄芪、迷迭香、沙苑子、覆盆子、枸杞子、沙棘、桑椹、合欢花、茯神、按比例和粳米制备而成，将黄芪等中药和粳米为原料，科学加工成具食疗功效的膳食，药物作食物，食物赋以药用功效，既有营养价值，又防病治病、强身健体、延年益寿。通过对辐照小鼠模型的实验研究，证明对辐照引起的模型鼠免疫系统表现出了良好的增强免疫能力，对辐照引起的模型鼠免疫系统损伤有明显保护作用，达到防辐射的作用；清除体内自由基，达到防衰老的功效，制备方法简单，使用方便，具有开发推广价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于保健食品技术领域，具体涉及一种抗辐射防衰老药粥及其制备方法。
背景技术
辐射指的是能量以电磁波或粒子（如阿尔法粒子、贝塔粒子等）的形式向外扩散。自然界中的一切物体，只要温度在绝对温度零度以上，都以电磁波和粒子的形式时刻不停地向外传送热量，这种传送能量的方式被称为辐射。辐射的能量从辐射源向外所有方向直线放射。物体通过辐射所放出的能量，称为辐射能。辐射按伦琴/小时(R)计算。辐射有一个重要特点，就是它是“对等的”。不论物体（气体）温度高低都向外辐射，甲物体可以向乙物体辐射，同时乙也可向甲辐射。一般普遍将这个名词用在电离辐射。辐射本身是中性词，但某些物质的辐射可能会带来危害。
随着中药现代化进程的不断推进，越来越多的中药及其复方被更广泛地应用于辐射损伤防治的研究中。由于中药具有活性成分多、抗辐射效果显著、无毒或低毒等特点，其作为研究与开发抗辐射的药物具有广阔的前景。
发明内容
本发明为了有效保护辐照引起的免疫系统损伤，且对身体无明显的毒副作用，同时能够清除体内自由基，防止衰老，提供了一种抗辐射防衰老药粥及其制备方法。
本发明由如下技术方案实现的：一种抗辐射防衰老药粥，由以下重量份的原料制备而成：黄芪40-50份、迷迭香10-15份、沙苑子12-18份、覆盆子8-12份、枸杞子15-30份、沙棘20-50份、桑椹20-40份、合欢花20-30份、茯神10-25份、粳米80-120份。
进一步所述原料的重量份配比优选为：黄芪45份、迷迭香12份、沙苑子15份、覆盆子10份、枸杞子25份、沙棘50份、桑椹30份、合欢花25份、茯神25份、粳米100份。
本发明所述抗辐射防衰老药粥的制备方法为：黄芪、迷迭香、沙苑子、覆盆子和茯神按比例混合，加入上述原料药物总重5倍量的水浸泡1小时，然后煎煮3次，每次1小时，合并煎液，过100目筛，所得滤液加入到粳米中，枸杞子、沙棘、桑椹和合欢花清洗后加入1倍重量的水浸泡20min，将浸泡液与枸杞子、沙棘、桑椹和合欢花同时加入到加有药物滤液的粳米中，煎煮30分钟。
我国传统医学认为，通过填精补髓，滋养精血，改善脱发、震颤、抽搐等症状，能够促进生殖机能恢复，精能生髓，精能生血，精髓能促进气血的化生，结合益气生血和直接补血，改善骨髓型损伤之头昏，倦怠乏力，少气懒言，失眠纳差，心悸等症状。这些皆有助于辐射所致机体造血机能障碍这一基本病理损害的改善和恢复。
本发明所述抗辐射防衰老药粥中，黄芪为肾科常用中药之一，性甘、微温，归脾肺经，有补气益阳、益卫固表、托毒生肌、利水消肿之功。现代药理学研究黄芪对免疫功能有着较广泛调节作用，服用黄芪多糖后T抑制细胞(CD3+,CD8+)淋巴细胞水平降低，CD4+，CD4+/CD8+比值与服药前相比增高明显，提示黄芪多糖通过降低T淋巴细胞抑制亚群及增大CD4+/CD8+比值来增加T细胞的杀伤作用。
现代药理研究证实中药黄芪具有调节机体免疫力、抗氧化、促进造血、调节机体代谢等作用，通过抗脂质过氧化，加强对氧自由基的清除，对缺氧复氧内皮细胞产生保护作用。黄芪含皂甙、蔗糖、多糖、多种氨基酸、叶酸及硒、锌、铜等多种微量元素。常用于体衰日久、言语低弱、脉细无力者；黄芪能显著增加血液中的白细胞总数，促进中性粒细胞及巨噬细胞的吞噬功能和杀菌能力，增强细胞免疫，黄芪多糖能升高正常大鼠红细胞的比容，增加红细胞数。对血虚证模型大鼠或小鼠，黄芪和黄芪多糖均能升高红细胞比容或血红蛋白含量。
黄芪还能防治因辐射而造成的小鼠外周血白细胞总数、骨髓有核细胞数的减少，可促进造血干细胞的分化和增殖；与黄芪补气固表功效相关的药理作用为增强机体免疫功能、增强造血功能。改善物质代谢、增强性腺功能、抗应激、延缓衰老等作用。
沙苑子能显著延长小鼠游泳时间，有抗疲劳作用，沙苑子总黄酮有降压作用和明显降低血清胆固醇、甘油三酯及增加脑血流量的作用，并能改善血液流变学指标。
覆盆子：性甘、酸，温；归肾、膀胱经；益肾，固精，缩尿。用于肾虚遗尿，小便频数，阳痿早泄，遗精滑精。
茯神：性平，味甘、淡；归心、脾经；宁心、安神、利水。用于心虚惊悸，健忘，失眠，惊痫，小便不利。
茯神除含营养素,如碳水化合物、蛋白质外,还含有多种生物活性成分。目前已分离鉴定的茯神的特征性化合物有50余种，包括多糖、三萜、脂肪酸、甾醇、酶等。
茯神始载于《神农本草经》，《本草纲目》、《金匮要略》等中医药典中均有记载，对人体安全无毒无副作用，现代营养学研究表明茯神与茯苓同样具有显著的抗肿瘤、健脾胃、利水消肿、镇定安神、增强免疫及抑菌等作用，但茯神长于镇静安神。
抗肿瘤作用：试验研究表明，茯神的抗肿瘤作用主要是通过增强机体免疫功能来抑制肿瘤生长。从茯神中提取的被称为茯苓素(po riatin)的三萜类化合物的混合物在体外对小鼠白血病L1210 细胞的DNA 合成有明显的不可逆抑制作用，可以显著抑制L1210 细胞核的运转。茯苓素对艾氏腹水癌、S180肉瘤以及小鼠Lewis肺癌的转移也有一定抑制作用。另外，茯苓素对抗癌药有增效作用，也可以增强巨噬细胞产生肿瘤坏死因子的能力。
茯神具有镇静作用。茯神是临床常用的安神药物，药理研究和临床用药表明，茯神可以延长睡眠时间，与戊巴比妥钠等有协同作用，对多数失眠、入睡困难和睡眠易醒的人都有较好的疗效。茯神煎剂腹腔注射，能明显降低小鼠的自发活动，并能对抗咖啡因所致的小鼠过度兴奋。茯神煎剂小鼠腹腔注射对戊巴比妥钠的麻醉作用有明显的协同作用。并可增强硫喷妥钠对小鼠中枢抑制作用，使麻醉时间显著延长。茯神提取成分羧甲基多糖也有较好的镇静作用，羧甲基多糖100 mg/kg/日，腹腔注射12 日，可对抗60Co -γ射线对小鼠末梢白细胞的抑制作用，可使小鼠肝匀浆细胞色素P450 含量减少，增强硫喷妥钠对小鼠中枢抑制作用，使麻醉时间显著延长。
利水消肿作用：茯神的利水作用与体液的利尿激素样调节机制以及肾的生理作用关系密切。茯苓素是利水消肿的主要成分，它能激活细胞膜上与利尿有关的ATP酶。以25%的茯神醇浸剂对正常家兔腹腔注射，表现利尿作用；用茯神灰分与茯神醇浸剂对家兔进行慢性实验，证明醇浸剂也有利尿作用，而灰分无此作用，说明利尿作用是由钾盐以外的其他成分所致。用切除肾上腺的大鼠进行实验，30%茯神煎剂与去氧皮质酮一起使用比单一的去氧皮质酮尿量增多，尿中钾和钠的排除量增多，从而说明茯神不具有抗去氧皮质酮作用，而与影响肾小管对钠离子的重吸收有关。
从茯神的甲醇提取液中分得三萜化合物，其可以抑制TPA引起的鼠耳肿；在鼠皮肤致癌过程中几种抗炎物质有抑制肿瘤促进剂作用，抗炎作用可能在抗肿瘤促进机理中起重要作用，研究证明TPA引起的炎症模型检测对鼠耳肿的抑制活性。因为对TPA 引起炎症的抑制潜伏期可以平行地检测对肿瘤促进作用的抑制活性，使其成为天然的潜在抗炎剂，所以茯神具有天然抗炎作用。另外茯神煎剂对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphy lococcus auricularis)、结核杆菌(My cobacteriumtuberculo sis)和变形杆菌(Proteus vulg aris)等有抑制作用。
保肝作用：茯神对四氯化碳所致大鼠肝损伤有明显的保护作用，使谷丙转氨酶活性明显降低，防止肝细胞坏死。茯神抗肝细胞坏死的效果显著，能使肝细胞肿胀显著减退，肝脏重量明显增加，并加速肝细胞再生，达到保肝降酶的作用。
迷迭香：味辛；性温，发汗；健脾；安神；止痛。主各种头痛；防止早期脱发；迷迭香主要成分为：迷迭香酸、迷迭香酚、迷迭香双醛、鼠尾草酸、酚、熊果酸等，是一种天然高效、耐高温的抗氧化剂，抗氧化作用是人工合成抗氧化剂BHA、BHT、PG、PDHQ的2-6倍；而且其结构稳定，耐高温191-240℃。能够清除自由基，淬灭单纯态氧，维护人体的正常生理功能，具有收敛、紧实肌肤作用，外用可促进皮肤血液循环，清除自由基、抑制蛋白降解，保持皮肤弹性和光泽，修复、改善皮肤干燥、粗糙、脱皮现象，抑制透明质酸酶的活性，有助于阻止微生物侵入及其毒性物质在表皮的扩散；增强皮肤对紫外线、辐射等异常刺激的抵抗作用。
迷迭香提取物可防止DNA损伤，抑制细胞微核发生，防止辐射损伤等导致的癌变、致畸作用，实验研究证明其具有消炎、抗菌、抗病毒、消除早期血液中存在的组胺类、肽类有毒物质，提高人体免疫功能。迷迭香提取物能够增加人体造血功能和心、脑、肝、肾等脏器功能，特别对神经元及神经胶质细胞有改善和修复功能。提高认知能力、记忆能力，调整神经细胞的兴奋、抑制作用，从而发挥其改善睡眠、增强记忆、抗焦虑作用。
枸杞子滋补肝肾，益精明目。《本草经集注》：补益精气，强盛阴道。《药性论》：补益精，诸不足，异颜色，变白，明目，令人长寿。主要成分为枸杞多糖、甜菜碱、类胡萝卜素、多种氨基酸和微量元素。实验研究表明，枸杞多糖促进免疫抗衰老清除自由基，抗氧化、抗辐射损伤，提高造血功能，抗癌等作用。
沙棘：含有多糖、黄酮、VC、VE、β胡萝卜素、原花青素、槲皮素等多种抗辐射的活性物质。沙棘能提高实验小鼠的存活率，改善辐射后动物胸腺、脾指数，增加辐射后淋巴细胞转化率。实验表明，组织辐射后白细胞的下降提高实验组织的SOD活力，抑制微核细胞的产生和染色体的畸变，防止细胞膜的脂质过氧化损伤。沙棘、沙棘籽中富含花青素，花青素可抑制引发的脂质过氧化反应，提高外围血红白细胞及血小板数，保护和提高机体造血功能，减少生殖细胞的畸变率，沙棘含槲皮素有清除自由基、抗辐射作用，沙棘多糖具有较强的清楚自由基，增强免疫功能，抗感染、抗肿瘤、抗辐射作用。
桑椹：性甘、酸，寒；归心、肝、肾经。桑椹含有丰富的活性蛋白、维生素、氨基酸、胡萝卜素、矿物质等成分，具有补益肝肾，滋阴养血，对乌发有特效,息风，清肝明目，解酒，改善睡眠，提高人体免疫力，延缓衰老，美容养颜，降低血脂，防癌。桑椹粉富含蛋白质，多种人体必需的氨基酸，易被人体吸收的果糖和多种维生素及铁、钙、锌等矿物元素、硒等微量元素及胡萝卜素、纤维素等。具有多种功效，被医学界誉为“二十一世纪的最佳保健果品”。
桑椹的作用：补充营养：桑椹中含有大量水分、碳水化合物、多种维生素、胡萝卜素及人体必需的微量元素等，能有效地扩充人体的血容量，且补而不腻，适宜于高血压、妇女病患者食疗；健脾胃助消化：桑椹中含有鞣酸、脂肪酸、苹果酸等营养物质，能促进脂肪、蛋白质及淀粉的消化，故有健脾胃、助消化之功效，可用于治疗因消化不良而导致的腹泻；乌发美容：桑椹中除含有大量人体所需营养物质外，还含有乌发素，能使头发变得黑而亮泽，故可用来美容；防血管硬化：桑椹中含有鞣酸、苹果酸、维生素C和脂肪酸等。其中所含的脂肪主要为亚油酸、油酸、软脂酸、硬脂酸、亚麻酸等。此外，桑椹中含有丰富的白黎芦醇。白黎芦醇是一种有效的抗氧化剂，能抑制低密度脂蛋白的脂质过氧化反应，防止低密度脂蛋白氧化产生的细胞毒素，从而保护细胞的脂质过氧化。白黎芦醇还能降低血小板聚集，从而预防动脉硬化；防癌抗癌：桑椹中含有大量芦丁，现代医学证明芦丁可以阻止结肠癌的形成。芦丁可凉血止血、清肝泻火，具抗炎、抗病毒作用。故常吃桑椹还有助于防治脑出血、高血压、视网膜出血、慢性支气管炎等；补肝益肾：桑椹主入肝肾，善滋阴养血、生津润燥，适于肝肾阴血不足及津亏消渴、肠燥等症。
合欢花：味甘，性平，舒郁、理气、安神、活络、养血、滋阴肾、清心明目。合欢花含有合欢甙，鞣质，解郁安神，滋阴补阳，理气开胃，活络止痛，用于心神不安、忧郁失眠。治郁结胸闷，失眠，健忘，风火眼，能安五脏，和心志，悦颜色，有较好的强身、镇静、安神、美容的作用，也是治疗神经衰弱的佳品。也具有清热解暑，养颜祛斑解酒等功效。
合欢花水煎剂的镇静催眠作用：历代文献对合欢花镇静、催眠作用的记载较多。合欢花的水煎剂22．5g/Kg浓度对小白鼠均有极显著的镇静、催眠作用。
合欢花总黄酮提取液清除自由基的作用：有研究发现合欢花中总黄酮提取液对·OH自由基有一定的清除作用，当合欢花总黄酮浓度达到0．06mg.mL－1时，对·OH自由基清除率为62．81%。
本发明在中医药食同源的理论下，将黄芪等中药和粳米为原料，加入药食同源食物枸杞子、沙棘、桑椹、合欢花，经过科学加工制成的具有食疗作用的膳食，将药物作为食物，又将食物赋以药用，既具有营养价值，又可防病治病、强身健体、延年益寿。本发明通过对辐照小鼠模型的实验研究，证明抗辐射药粥对辐照引起的模型鼠免疫系统表现出了良好的增强免疫能力，对辐照引起的模型鼠免疫系统损伤也有明显的保护作用，能够达到防辐射的作用；且制备方法简单，使用方便，具有开发推广价值。同时使药粥兼具有防衰老的功能。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例和实验例对本发明做进一步的描述。
实施例1：一种抗辐射防衰老药粥，由以下重量的原料制备而成：黄芪40g、迷迭香10g、沙苑子12g、覆盆子8g、枸杞子15g、沙棘20g、桑椹20g、合欢花20g、茯神10g、粳米80g。
所述抗辐射防衰老药粥的制备方法为：黄芪、迷迭香、沙苑子、覆盆子和茯神按比例混合，加入上述原料药物总重5倍量的水浸泡1小时，然后煎煮3次，每次1小时，合并煎液，过100目筛，所得滤液加入到粳米中，枸杞子、沙棘、桑椹和合欢花清洗后加入1倍重量的水浸泡20min，将浸泡液与枸杞子、沙棘、桑椹和合欢花同时加入到加有药物滤液的粳米中，煎煮30分钟。
本实施例制备的抗辐射药粥经过动物实验，其效果与实施例2动物实验所得效果一致，统计学分析无显著性差异。
实施例2：一种抗辐射防衰老药粥，由以下重量的原料制备而成：黄芪45g、迷迭香12g、沙苑子15g、覆盆子10g、枸杞子25g、沙棘50g、桑椹30g、合欢花25g、茯神25g、粳米100g。其制备方法同实施例1制备方法。
实施例3：一种抗辐射防衰老药粥，由以下重量的原料制备而成：黄芪50g、迷迭香15g、沙苑子18g、覆盆子12g、枸杞子30g、沙棘40g、桑椹40g、合欢花30g、茯神15g、粳米120g。其制备方法同实施例1制备方法。
本实施例制备的抗辐射药粥经过动物实验，其效果与实施例2动物实验所得效果一致，统计学分析无显著性差异。
实施例4：一种抗辐射防衰老药粥，由以下重量的原料制备而成：黄芪48g、迷迭香15g、沙苑子12g、覆盆子8g、枸杞子30g、沙棘45g、桑椹25g、合欢花28g、茯神25g、粳米95g。其制备方法同实施例1制备方法。
本实施例制备的抗辐射药粥经过动物实验，其效果与实施例2动物实验所得效果一致，统计学分析无显著性差异。
实验例：具体药理实验
供试动物：小鼠：昆明种，雌雄兼用，体重20～35g；购于山西医科大学。
辐射条件：X射线加速器，总吸收剂量为2.5Gy。
实验方法：小鼠随机分为5组，分别为正常组、模型对照组、香菇菌多糖组、黄芪水煎剂组和本发明实施例2制备的抗辐射药粥组，每组10只，雌雄各半。香菇菌多糖、黄芪水煎剂和抗辐射药粥浓度分别为0.15g/ml，给药容积20ml/kg，空白对照组和模型对照给予等容积蒸馏水。
辐射损伤模型的制备：以上各组，灌胃每日1次，连续7日。灌胃10天后，除正常组外，其余各组均施行一次性X射线全身照射，吸收总剂量为2.5Gy，剂量率为1Gy/min，照射时间4min。辐照后继续灌胃7日。
指标检测及分析：
血常规检测：照射造模后第7天，称取每只小鼠重量，进行眼球取血，加入EDTA钠盐抗凝管中，动物血球仪自动检测。
免疫器官指标检测：先称取每只小鼠重量，摘取胸腺、脾脏，电子天平称重，以胸腺或脾脏重量与体重之比作为胸腺或脾脏指数。
脾淋巴细胞亚群分析：将脾磨碎，过细胞筛；取100μl混悬液与抗体混匀，置室温避光孵育15 min，经溶血仪处理后，采用三色流式细胞检测分析T淋巴细胞百分率。
统计方法：实验数据用均数标准差(±s)表示，组间差异用t检验。
结果：
1.各组对小鼠免疫器官指数的影响：表1为各组小鼠免疫器官指数检测结果，实验结果表明，本发明实施例2所制备的抗辐射防衰老药粥能够显著提高辐照小鼠的胸腺指数和脾指数水平，具有统计学意义，P<0.01，效果优于香菇菌多糖组和黄芪水煎剂组。
表1 对小鼠免疫器官指数的影响
| 组别 | 胸腺指数（胸腺重量/体重）×10-3 | 脾指数（脾重量/体重）×10-3 |
| 正常组 | 2.41+0.51 | 3.38+0.22 |
| 模型对照组 | 1.32+0.36 | 1.65+0.31 |
| 香菇菌多糖组 | 1.85+0.16 | 1.51+0.24 |
| 黄芪水煎剂组 | 2.85+0.25** | 2.24+0.05* |
| 实施例2组 | 3.16+0.21** | 2.84+0.01** |
注：与模型对照组比较：*P<0.05，**P<0.01
3.各组对小鼠骨髓有核细胞的影响：表2为各组小鼠骨髓有核细胞数检测结果，实验结果表明，本发明实施例2所制备的抗辐射药粥能够显著提高辐照小鼠的骨髓有核细胞数，有统计学意义，P<0.05。
表2 对小鼠骨髓有核细胞的影响
| 组别 | 骨髓有何细胞数（×105/ml） |
| 正常组 | 831.35+147.80 |
| 模型对照组 | 608.57+212.15 |
| 香菇菌多糖组 | 665.17+165.35 |
| 黄芪水煎剂组 | 780.52+198.54 |
| 实施例2组 | 895.2+110.9* |
注：与模型对照组比较：*P<0.05，**P<0.01
上述实验结果表明，本发明所制备的抗辐射药粥在辐照小鼠模型上表现出良好的增强免疫能力，对辐照引起的模型鼠免疫系统损伤有明显的保护作用。
Claims (3)
1.一种抗辐射防衰老药粥，其特征在于：由以下重量份的原料制备而成：黄芪40-50份、迷迭香10-15份、沙苑子12-18份、覆盆子8-12份、枸杞子15-30份、沙棘20-50份、桑椹20-40份、合欢花20-30份、茯神10-25份、粳米80-120份。
2.根据权利要1所述的一种抗辐射防衰老药粥，其特征在于：由下列重量份的原料制备而成：黄芪45份、迷迭香12份、沙苑子15份、覆盆子10份、枸杞子25份、沙棘50份、桑椹30份、合欢花25份、茯神25份、粳米100份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种抗辐射防衰老药粥，其特征在于：黄芪、迷迭香、沙苑子、覆盆子和茯神按比例混合，加入上述原料药物总重5倍量的水浸泡1小时，然后煎煮3次，每次1小时，合并煎液，过100目筛，所得滤液加入到粳米中，枸杞子、沙棘、桑椹和合欢花清洗后加入1倍重量的水浸泡20min，将浸泡液与枸杞子、沙棘、桑椹和合欢花同时加入到加有药物滤液的粳米中，煎煮30分钟。
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