CN107851865B - 机动车辆的能量储存器 - Google Patents

机动车辆的能量储存器 Download PDF

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CN107851865B
CN107851865B CN201680024329.9A CN201680024329A CN107851865B CN 107851865 B CN107851865 B CN 107851865B CN 201680024329 A CN201680024329 A CN 201680024329A CN 107851865 B CN107851865 B CN 107851865B
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fluid channel
energy storage
partition
battery pack
fluid
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CN107851865A (zh
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米夏埃尔·莫泽
多米尼克·魏因曼
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Mahle International GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F28D1/0366—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
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    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
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    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
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    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/022—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being wires or pins
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    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
    • F28F9/0204—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions
    • F28F9/0209—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions having only transversal partitions
    • F28F9/0212—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions having only transversal partitions the partitions being separate elements attached to header boxes
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    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
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    • F28F9/06—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by dismountable joints
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种机动车辆(2)的能量储存器(1)，其包括电池组(4)，其中为了控制至少一个电池组(4)的温度而设置有用于温度控制流体(6)的流体通道(5)。根据本发明，所述流体通道(5)由流体通道装置(7)形成，所述流体通道装置(7)具有两个壁(8、9)和布置在其间的隔板(10)，所述隔板(10)布置/对齐/设计为允许所述电池组(4)的基于需要的温度控制，特别是基于需要的冷却。

Description

机动车辆的能量储存器
技术领域
根据权利要求1的前序部分，本发明涉及一种机动车辆的能量储存器，其带有至少一个电池组。本发明还涉及一种用于这样的能量储存器的流体通道装置以及用于制造这样的流体储存器和这样的能量储存器的方法。
背景技术
在当前的混合动力车辆和电动车辆中，越来越多地开始使用高效能量储存器，其需要是关于优化功能主动温度控制的。特别地，在此针对效率的优化这些电池组的冷却是有其重要的。当前，例如，为此使用有流体流过的冷却板，其另外具有加热功能并由此能够实现电池组的冷却和加热。这样的冷却板当然需要相对于电池组和/或外壳电绝缘，并且另外需要具有足够的扩散阻力。
从DE102012218102A1已知一种普遍的机动车辆的能量储存器，其带有外壳并且带有至少一个布置在所述外壳中的电池组，其中用于控制电池组的温度的流体通道布置在外壳与至少一个电池组之间。至少一个电池组的电接口在此位于流体通道外侧。
从DE102011077838A1已知一种热交换器，其带有管组，所述管组具有基本上以平行的方式布置、用于引导温度控制流体的多个管，其中至少管的端部彼此连接。所述热交换器还包括至少一个收集盒，所述收集盒构造为接纳来自管的温度控制流体，其中至少一个收集盒在内部具有在公差范围内与管的端部的高度对应的高度。
从DE 102011079A1已知一种用于冷却流体的带有基座的收集器。所述基座具有用于将收集器的腔室连接至至少一个冷却管的界面，并且具有至少延伸过腔室的部分区域的开口。收集器还具有罩，所述罩构造为以液密的方式关闭基座的开口。罩本身在此构造为线状型材(wire profile)或挤压型材(extrusion profile)。
从EP 2744034A1已知另一种热交换器。
从现有技术中已知的、温度控制的能量储存器的缺点分别在于它们相对复杂且昂贵的制造方法和冷却，或者在于不总是基于需要的能量储存的温度控制。
发明内容
根据本发明，该问题由独立权利要求1的主题解决。有益的实施例为从属权利要求的主题。
本发明基于如下的总体构思：提供一种能量储存器，其带有尤其是并且特别是单独地制造的流体通道装置，其一方面能够以有利的成本制造，并且其另一方面另外地能够实现能量储存器的最优温度控制，并且由此能够实现其最优的效率。根据本发明的能量存储器，其能够例如用于机动车辆中，具有至少一个特别是布置在外壳中的电池组，通常具有多个电池组，其中优选地，在外壳与至少一个电池组之间布置有用于控制电池组的温度的流体通道。当然，在此清楚的是，外壳不需要是传统形式的外壳，而是也能够不同地构成能量储存器，使得外壳不属于能量储存器，而是例如体现为不同的部件。现在根据本发明该流体通道由流体通道装置形成，所述流体通道装置具有两个壁和布置在其间的隔板。相比于从现有技术已知的流体通道，这使得能够完全独立地预制流体通道装置，特别是作为有利定价的复合部件，其中还能够将隔板布置在流体通道装置中，使得在流体通道装置中流动的温度控制流体能够实现电池组的最优的温度控制，特别是电池组的最优的冷却。其中，通过在操作状态下的单独的电池组的温度检测，能够精确地实现预先确定需要精确地将单独的隔板布置在流体通道装置的两个壁之间。通过根据本发明的流体通道装置，而且，还通过根据本发明的能量储存器，因此相比于从现有技术已知的能量储存器，能够以确实更加有利的成本构成后者，并且同时通过最优的温度控制，特别是通过最优的冷却来提高其效率。
在根据本发明的技术方案的有益的进一步发展中，至少一个壁和/或至少一个隔板由电绝缘材料形成，特别是由热塑性塑料形成。由此，这种可能性不仅开发了制造电池组与外壳(例如由金属形成)之间的电绝缘件，而且还能够相对简单且以有利的成本制造和加工这样的热塑性塑料。
在根据本发明的技术方案的进一步的有益的实施例中，至少一个隔板被构造为管部或被构造为轴套。在该情况下，至少一个隔板将会具有圆形的外轮廓以及由此的相对于流动有利的外轮廓，其中当然可替代地也能够想到至少一个隔板具有非圆形的外轮廓，特别是椭圆形或有角度的外轮廓。例如，在此也能够想到以翼剖面的形式构造的横截面的外轮廓，凭此能够实现流动的引导。
有利地，流体通道设备的至少一个壁由箔片形成，特别是由塑料箔片形成或由塑料复合箔片形成，由有机薄片形成或由塑料薄片形成，并且尤其是以粘接或焊接的方式连接至隔板。特别是形成有由箔片制成的两个壁的流体通道装置在此能够实现相对简单的生产，特别是迄今箔片通过热接合方法被焊接至布置在其间的隔板，并且同时这样的流体通道装置关于适用于电池组的外轮廓和/或外壳的内轮廓提供相对高的灵活度。
有利地，隔板或它们的外轮廓分别布置为或构造为使得冷却剂流动被直接引导至所谓的至少一个电池组的过热点。特别是在混合动力车辆或电动车辆中，开始使用需要最优地温度控制的高性能电池以体现它们的全部效率。最优的温度控制特别是还包括基于需要并且局部不同的单独的电池组的冷却，使得特别是感到担心的单独的电池组的过热所处的所谓的过热点需要单独地冷却。这通过根据本发明的流体通道装置是可能的，因为分别通过专门的布置或各个隔板的对齐，流体流动(温度控制流体)，例如在流体通道装置中流动的冷却剂能够以限定的方式被引导至尤其是待冷却的对应的部位，即，例如所谓的过热点。
在根据本发明的技术方案的进一步的有益的实施例中，流体通道装置以导热的方式连接至至少一个电池组，特别是例如粘接至至少一个电池组或通过导热膏连接。由此，使得最优的热传递以及由此的至少一个电池组的最优的温度控制能够是可能的。
有利地，多个隔板彼此直接接触地布置并且由此形成流动引导轮廓。除了单个的，即，单独的隔板的单独布置，另外地或可替代地还分别能够想到多个隔板的连续布置或彼此接合，凭此不仅能够在流体通道装置中没有困难地建立流动引导轮廓，还能够在流体通道装置中没有困难地建立流动引导路径本身。
本发明还基于如下的主要构思：针对前述的能量储存器分别制造或提供流体通道装置，其具有两个壁和布置在其间的隔板，其中至少一个壁由箔片形成，特别是由塑料箔片形成或由塑料复合箔片形成，由有机薄片形成或由塑料薄片形成，所述至少一个壁尤其是粘接或焊接至隔板。在此通过之前的关于隔板的定位的能量储存器的电池组的温度分布的确定而能够最优地构造流体通道装置，并且由于单独制造的可能性还能够以最高的质量生产。
本发明进一步基于如下的主要构思：指出一种用于前述的流体通道装置的制造的方法，其中首先以不同的操作状态确定能量储存器的至少一个电池组，优选全部电池组的温度分布。由此，特别地，确定待特别地进行温度控制的部位，诸如例如所担心的快速的临界温度上升所处的过热点。随后，计算流体流量，最优地对所确定的温度分布，例如流体通道装置中的冷却剂流量进行温度控制。通过该计算，因此考虑到所谓的过热点，并且通过增加的冷却剂流量进行考虑。由该计算的流体流量，因此能够制造分别用于隔板的布置或者隔板的形成的模板，特别是关于它们的外轮廓。通过该模板，隔板现在定位在流体通道装置的第一壁上，其中第一壁能够例如构造为箔片或者由塑料(特别是热塑性塑料或者有机薄片)制成的薄片。在此仅仅重要的是至少一个壁不是导电的，这样使得整个流体通道装置能够用作电池组和例如外壳之间的电绝缘件。经由通过模板建立的单独的隔板的位置，这些隔板能够准确地定位在第一壁上，并且，例如能够直接地连接至其，特别是焊接或粘接至其。随后，移去模板并且将第二壁放置在隔板上，其中随后只将第二壁或将两个壁连接(特别是粘接或焊接)至至隔板。通过这样的模板，针对能量储存器进行优化的流体通道装置现在能够有效率地制造。
通过在前文中描述的方法制造的流体通道装置现在需要另外地只放置到能量储存器的可能出现的外壳中，并且随后需要插入电池组。流体通道装置通过对应的连接连接至温度控制流体，例如冷却剂。
本发明的进一步重要的特征和益处从从属权利要求、附图以及通过附图辅助的相关附图描述显现。
应当理解的是，在不偏离本发明的范围的情况下，上述特征以及留待在下文中进一步说明的特征不仅能够用在分别指示的结合中，而且还能够用在其他结合中或者单独使用。
附图说明
本发明的优选示例实施例图示在附图中，并且在以下描述中进一步说明，其中相同的附图标记指示相同或相似或功能上等同的部件。
在此分别示意性地示出有，
图1为穿过根据本发明的能量储存器的截面图，
图2为穿过根据本发明的流体通道装置的部分截面视图，
图3为穿过根据本发明的流体通道装置的截面图。
具体实施方式
根据图1，仅示意性地图示的机动车辆2的根据本发明的能量储存器1在附图中示出的例子中具有外壳3和布置在所述外壳3中的多个电池组4。能量储存器1在此构造为可再充电的能量储存器并且能够例如在混合动力车辆或电动车辆中使用。在外壳3和电池组2之间，在此布置有流体通道5，温度控制流体6(例如冷却剂)流过所述流体通道5被引导用于控制电池组4的温度。根据本发明，流体通道5现在由流体通道装置7形成(也参见图2和图3)，所述流体通道装置7具有两个壁8、9和布置在其间的隔板。而且，隔板分别布置或对齐，使得能够实现电池组4基于需要的温度控制，特别是电池组4基于需要的冷却。这尤其是大大地有益于增加能量储存的效率，因为，例如能够以基于需要的方式冷却所谓的局部发生的过热点。
至少一个壁8、9和/或至少一个隔板10在此由电绝缘材料形成，例如由热塑性塑料形成。隔板10本身在此能够例如构造为管部或轴套11(同样参见图2和图3)，并且由此通过切断为对应的长度而由管制造。对此可替代地，隔板10当然也能够具有非圆形的外轮廓，尤其是椭圆形或有角度的外轮廓，如例如所图示的根据图2的隔板10。当隔板10分别构造为管部或轴套11时，这些通常具有圆形的外轮廓。分别通过所选择的隔板10的外轮廓和/或布置，尤其是能够实现温度控制流体6的目标流动引导并且尤其是能够实现由此的单独的电池组4的基于需要的温度控制。根据图1，流体通道5在此仅布置在外壳3和电池组4之间，其中当然另外地能够在单独的电池组4之间设置未图示的流体通道。而且，当然，能够分配有外壳3，使得只有流体通道装置7围绕电池组4。
为了能够以在生产方面有利的成本和简单的方式制造流体通道装置7，至少一个壁8、9由箔片形成，特别是由塑料箔片或由塑料复合箔片形成，由有机薄片或由塑料薄片形成，并连接至隔板10、11，特别是焊接或粘接至隔板10、11。而且，多个隔板10也能够彼此直接接触地布置，并且由此能够形成流动引导轮廓12(参见图2)。
另外观察图3，能够看出两个壁8、9在边缘侧直接彼此紧密地连接(右侧)，或者经由边饰元件13间接地连接(左侧)。为了能够增加流体通道装置7与电池组4之间的热传递接触，这能够例如通过导热膏14连接至电池组4(参见图1)。
根据本发明的能量储存器1的大优点在于后者具有可变的流动区域，能够以有利的成本制造并且具有特别大的设计自由度以及适用于使用和安装空间的目的的可能性。而且，根据本发明的流体通道装置7具有一体的阻挡层，并且通过将塑料用作电池组4与外壳3之间的电绝缘件而构造，使得基本上也能够使用金属外壳3。
根据本发明的流体通道装置7按照根据下述的本发明的方法制造。首先，以不同的操作状态确定至少一个电池组4的温度分布，优选地确定能量储存器1的全部电池组4的温度分布。随后，计算流体流量，最优地控制优选地布置在待进行温度控制的电池组4与外壳3之间的流体通道装置7中所确定的温度分布的温度。从该计算出的流体流量，制造用于布置和构造各个隔板10的模板。通过该产生的模板，对应的隔板10定位在流体通道装置7的第一壁9上，并且例如尤其是通过粘接或焊接而固定。随后，移去模板并将第二壁8放置到预先定位的隔板10上，其中随后将第二壁8连接至隔板10(例如粘接或焊接)。当然，两个壁8、9与隔板10的连接也能够在单一的操作步骤中进行，即，在模板移去之后并且在应用第二壁8之后。
以这样的方式制造的流体通道装置7随后能够被放置到外壳3中，并且随后能够插入电池组4，其中现在通过根据本发明的流体通道装置7，能够实现单独的电池组4的基于需要的温度控制，尤其是单独的电池组4的基于需要的冷却。
通过根据本发明的流体通道装置7以及装备有其的能量储存器1，能够实现能量储存器1的有利的定价以及优化的局部(尤其是关于所谓的过热点)的基于需要的温度控制，凭此能够提高其效率。

Claims (10)

1.一种机动车辆(2)的能量储存器(1)，其带有至少一个电池组(4)，其中为了控制至少一个电池组(4)的温度而设置有用于温度控制流体(6)的流体通道(5)，
其特征在于
-所述流体通道(5)由流体通道装置(7)形成，所述流体通道装置(7)具有两个壁(8、9)和布置在其间的隔板(10)，其中所述隔板(10)布置为使得电池组(4)的温度被基于需要而控制，其中所述隔板(10)以如下方式布置：其中冷却剂流体被直接引导至所述至少一个电池组(4)的所谓的过热点，
-至少一个壁(8、9)由有机薄板形成，并且连接至所述隔板(10)，
其中，所述流体通道装置(7)由如下的方法制造：其中
-在不同的操作状态下确定所述能量储存器(1)的所述至少一个电池组(4)的温度分布，
-计算流体流量，控制流体通道装置(7)中所确定的温度分布的温度，
-由计算出的流体流量制造用于隔板(10)的布置的模板，
-对通过所述模板对齐的隔板(10)进行定位，并固定在所述流体通道装置(7)的第一壁(9)上，
-移去所述模板，并且将第二壁(8)施加到所述隔板(10)上，
-将至少一个壁(8)连接至所述隔板(10)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的能量储存器，
其特征在于
至少一个壁(8、9)被粘接或焊接至所述隔板(10)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的能量储存器，
其特征在于
至少一个壁(8、9)和/或至少一个隔板(10)由电绝缘材料形成。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的能量储存器，
其特征在于
至少一个隔板(10)构造为管部或构造为轴套(11)。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的能量储存器，
其特征在于
至少一个隔板(10)具有非圆形的外轮廓。
6.根据权利要求5所述的能量储存器，
其特征在于
至少一个隔板(10)具有椭圆形或有角度的外轮廓。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的能量储存器，
其特征在于
多个隔板(10)彼此直接接触地布置并且形成流体引导轮廓(12)。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的能量储存器，
其特征在于
所述两个壁(8、9)在边缘侧直接地彼此紧密连接或通过边缘元件(13)在边缘侧间接地彼此连接。
9.一种根据权利要求1至8中的一项所述的能量储存器(1)的流体通道装置(7)，其具有两个壁(8、9)和布置在其间的隔板(10)，其中至少一个壁(8、9)由有机薄片形成，并且连接至所述隔板(10)。
10.一种用于根据权利要求1至8中的一项所述的能量储存器(1)的制造方法，其中将流体通道装置(7)和至少一个电池组(4)插入到外壳(3)中，使得所述流体通道装置(7)通过其隔板(10)与至少一个电池组(4)对齐，从而实现之前计算的温度控制的流体流量。
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