CN107851205B - 无线电应答器和用于协调无线电应答器的方法 - Google Patents

无线电应答器和用于协调无线电应答器的方法 Download PDF

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CN107851205B
CN107851205B CN201680038018.8A CN201680038018A CN107851205B CN 107851205 B CN107851205 B CN 107851205B CN 201680038018 A CN201680038018 A CN 201680038018A CN 107851205 B CN107851205 B CN 107851205B
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radio transponder
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亚诺什·吉拉
马丁·雅恩
马丁·席费尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种无线电应答机的调谐,该无线电应答机具有天线、发送和接收单元以及与天线连接的谐振电路。谐振电路包括多个彼此并联地布置的电容器,这些电容器分别与保险装置串联布置。在此,电容器能够通过串联布置的保险装置切换以调谐谐振电路。与谐振电路相关联的控制单元设计和设置用于根据通过无线电应答器读取设备传输的控制信号产生用于谐振电路的相应的保险装置的切换信号。

Description

无线电应答器和用于协调无线电应答器的方法
背景技术
在RFID(无线射频识别)系统中,最大的读取范围或应答器或标签和读取设备之间的可能的间距决定性地与应答器在其输入谐振电路方面的调谐相关。这尤其包括天线或线圈特性。对该输入谐振电路的有效地调谐要求不仅将应答器组件、例如壳体包括在内,而且也要求将环境条件包括在内。通常,对用于假设的典型的环境条件的应答器进行调谐。如果真实的环境条件与假设的环境条件有所偏差,那么这对于读取范围来说通常是不利的。例如,在工业设施中通常存在的金属表面由于反射的原因而极大地影响接收或读取范围。在无源的应答器中失调是很严重的,因为缺乏自身的能量供应装置而取消了补偿可行性,所述补偿可行性能够保持补偿值。
应答器的输入谐振电路的调谐原则上能够通过调整天线电感和切换电路输入电容来实现。当然,这仅初步地实现对变化的环境条件的匹配。在US 2010/0019907A1中描述一种调谐的RFID标签,其天线自动地通过调节天线侧的复阻抗的无功功率部分和有功功率部分来调节。不仅为无功功率部分而且还为有功功率部分设有分开的调节回路。用于无功功率部分的调节回路引起电容性或电感性的组件与应答器的输入谐振电路的选择性连接。相反,用于有功功率部分的调节回路用于调节集成在应答器的输入谐振电路中的电流源。在US2010//0019907A1中描述的设计因此不适合于没有自身的能量供应装置的无源应答器。
由STMicroelectronics已知M24SR类型的RFID和NFC(近场通信)应答器芯片,其中输入谐振电路能够借助于变容二极管来调谐(http:/www.st.com/web/en/resource/technical/document/atasheet/DM00067892.pdf,第76页)。因为变容二极管通过电压控制,所以需要对应答器芯片的持续能量供应,从而在使用变容二极管时在此也不考虑用于无源解决方案。
发明内容
因此,本发明所基于的目的是:实现一种可无源运行的无线电应答器,该无线电应答器能够以简单的方式匹配与不同环境条件下的应用,并且描述了一种用于其调谐的适当的方法。
根据本发明,该目的通过根据本发明的一种无线电应答器和一种方法来实现。本发明的有利的改进方案在以下内容中描述。
根据本发明的无线电应答器、例如RFID标签包括天线、发送和接收单元以及与天线连接的谐振电路,该谐振电路包括多个彼此并联布置的电容器。电容器分别与保险装置(Fuse保险丝)串联布置。在此,电容器能够借助于串联布置的保险装置接通以调谐谐振电路,例如通过熔化相应的保险装置。附加地,设有与谐振电路相关联的控制单元,该控制单元设计和设置用于根据通过无线电应答器读取设备传输的或在无线电应答器控制单元中产生的控制信号产生用于谐振电路的相应的保险装置的切换信号。此外,无线电应答器具有存储单元,该存储单元能够借助于应答器读取设备读或写。优选地,无线电应答器无源运行或者不具有自身的能量供应装置。
由于保险装置作为用于根据本发明的无线电应答器的谐振电路的调谐元件,因此可以毫无问题地在没有自身的能量供应的情况下无源地运行。此外,无线电应答器的谐振电路能够通过选择性地切换电容器并进而通过对其谐振频率在不同的环境中的应用进行匹配来调谐。这尤其实现改进的读取范围。
根据本发明,谐振电路包括并联于电容器设置的电容二极管。在此,控制单元设计和设置用于在迭代的谐振频率确定过程之内根据通过无线电应答器读取设备传输的或在无线电应答器控制单元中产生的控制信号驱控电容二极管。这实现尤其精确地校准谐振电路,更确切地说在与电容器相关联的保险装置最终被接通或熔化之前,实现尤其精确地校准谐振电路。此外,控制单元能够根据通过无线电应答器读取设备确定的谐振频率产生用于谐振电路的相应的保险装置的切换信号。在该情况下,通过用于保险装置的切换信号实现对谐振电路的最终配置。
优选地,通过无线电应答器读取设备传输的控制信号从由无线电应答器的响应信号所包括的场强测量值中推导出。对此可替换的是,在无线电应答器控制单元中的控制信号能够从在无线电应答器中测定的场强测量值中推导出。此外,控制单元有利地设计和设置用于在接收到无线电应答器读取设备的询问信号时触发通过发送和接收单元进行的应答信号的传输。
相应于根据本发明的一个优选的设计方案,其中保险装置是多晶硅保险装置。多晶硅保险装置例如能够借助于电流负载,更确切地说,是不可逆地切换。根据本发明的一个替代的设计方案,保险装置能够集成到半导体芯片中并且能够借助于激光来切换。
相应于用于调谐根据上述实施方案的无线电应答器的根据本发明的方法,借助于无线电应答器读取设备将询问信号发送给无线电应答器。无线电应答器为询问信号确定场强测量值,并且将具有场强测量值的应答信号传输给无线电应答器读取设备或传输给无线电应答器控制单元。无线电应答器读取设备或无线电应答器控制单元将场强测量值与能预设的基准值进行比较,例如,与较早的或之前的场强测量值进行比较。此外,无线电应答器读取设备或无线电应答器控制单元在场强测量值与基准值的限定的偏差的情况下命令借助于无线电应答器的第一电容值或相关联的保险装置接通第一谐振电路电容器和重新确定更新的场强测量值,以重新进行评估。无线电应答读取设备或无线电应答器控制单元在更新的场强测量值与基准值的限定的偏差的情况下迭代地命令借助于无线电应答器的另一电容值或相关联的保险装置接通另一谐振电路电容器和重新确定场强。
根据本发明,谐振电路包括与电容器并联设置的电容二极管。在此,在迭代的谐振频率确定过程之内根据场强测量值通过无线电应答器读取设备或通过无线电应答器控制单元中驱控电容二极管。此外,为了最终配置谐振电路,按照根据本发明的方法的一个有利的设计方案,根据通过无线电应答器读取设备或通过无线电应答器控制单元确定的谐振频率借助于相关联的保险装置来切换谐振电路电容器。
附图说明
下面,以实施例根据附图详细阐述本发明。附图示出
图1示出无线电应答器的示意图,
图2示出具有根据图1的无线电应答器和与其连接的无线电应答器读取设备的无线电应答器系统的等效电路图,
图3示出根据图2的用于调谐无线电应答器的流程图。
具体实施方式
在附图中示出的无线电应答器100在当前的实施例中是RFID标签,并且包括天线10以及发送和接收单元103,该发送和接收单元具有解调单元131和调制单元132,它们用于对无线电应答器100处的询问信号解码或用于对无线电应答器100的应答信号编码。
根据图2中示出的无线电应答器系统的等效电路图,询问信号1优选通过无线电应答器读取设备200传输给无线电应答器100,而将应答信号2由无线电应答器传输给无线电应答器读取设备200。无线电应答器100的天线101以及无线电应答器读取设备200的天线201在等效电路图中示例地模拟为彼此耦合的电感。这两个天线原则上也构成为经典的辐射元件,这些辐射元件处于远场中。无线电应答器100的发送和接收单元103、控制单元104和存储单元105在根据图2的等效电路图中概括并且模拟为负载电阻110。无线电应答器100的存储单元105能够借助于无线电应答器读取设备200读或写。无线电应答器100在当前的实施例中无源运行并且不具有自身的能量供应装置,而是经由无线电应答器读取设备200的询问信号1来馈电。
附加地,无线电应答器100包括一方面与天线101连接的并且另一方面与发送和接收单元103连接的可适配的谐振电路102。该谐振电路102根据图2中示出的实施例具有多个彼此并联设置的电容器122,这些电容器分别与保险装置123串联布置。在此,电容器122能够分别借助其相关联的保险装置123来切断以调谐谐振电路102。保险装置123例如能够是多晶硅保险装置,多晶硅保险装置集成到半导体芯片中并且能够借助于电流负载来切换。替选于此,保险装置123能够集成到半导体芯片中并且能够借助于激光来切换。此外,可适配的谐振电路102与无线电应答器100的控制单元104连接,该控制单元还设置用于根据通过无线电应答器读取设备200传输的控制信号产生用于谐振电路102的保险装置123的切换信号。这种控制信号优选由无线电应答器读取设备200的询问信号1包括。
并联于可断开的的电容器122和与其相关联的保险装置123,谐振电路102包括固定链接的电容器121、电容二极管124和保护二极管125。在迭代的谐振频率去顶过程之内,通过控制单元104进行电容二极管124的操纵,更确切地说根据同无线电应答器读取设备200传输的控制信号来进行。在此,控制单元104设置用于根据通过无线电应答器读取设备200确定的共振频率产生用于共振回路102的保险装置123的切换信号。因此,借助于用于保险装置123的切换信号进行谐振电路102的最终的配置。通过无线电应答器读取设备200传输的、用于控制单元104的控制信号从场强测量值中推导出,所述场强测量值由通过无线电应答器100传输的应答信号2所包括。此外,控制单元104设置用于:在接收到无线电应答器读取设备200的询问信号1时通过发送和接收单元103触发应答新号的传输。
根据图3中示出的、用于根据上述实施方案调谐无线电应答器的流程图,无线电应答器读取设备200首先将询问信号1发送给无线电应答器100(步骤301)。随后,无线电应答器100根据步骤302检查:询问信号1是否包括用于配置谐振电路102的控制信号。如果是这种情况的话,那么无线电应答器100或者临时地通过驱控电容二极管124或最终地通过切换保险装置123来调整其谐振电路102的配置(步骤303)。随后,无线电应答器100等待无线电应答器读取设备200的新的询问信号1。
如果询问信号1不包括用于配置谐振电路102的控制信号,那么无线电收发器100根据步骤304确定用于询问信号1的场强测量值,并且随后将具有场强测量值的应答信号2传输给无线电收发器读取设备200(步骤305)。在步骤306中,无线电应答器读取设备100将场强测量值与可预设的基准值比较,所述基准值例如能够源自较早的场强测量中。在场强测量值以限定的偏差于基准值的情况下,无线电应答器读取设备100命令切断谐振电路电容器122或切换电容二极管124的电容器。对此,无线电应答器读取设备200根据步骤301重新将具有相应的控制信号的询问信号1(暂时地/最终地)传输给无线电应答器100。在根据步骤303调整谐振电路102的配置之后,重新将询问信号1传输给无线电应答器100。对于该询问信号1,无线电应答器100根据步骤304和305将更新的场强测量值传输给无线电应答器读取设备200,以重新评估。在更新的场强测量值以限定的程度偏差于基准时的情况下,迭代地重新完整进行上述调谐过程。否则,根据步骤307能够结束调谐过程。
根据另一实施方式,无线电应答器能够本身执行其调整的调谐。对此,无线电应答器读取设备将限定的信号发送给无线电应答器,所述无线电应答器据此启动自主比较。在此,无线电应答器评估所测量的场强并且不依赖于无线电应答器读取设备对其匹配进行优化。通过设定状态位,无线电应答器能够显示:是否或何时结束比较。通过重复读取该位,无线电应答器读取设备能够监视比较的状态。原则上,对于比较而言总是重要的是:无线电应答器读取设备和无线电应答器之间的间距以及无线电应答器的发送场强在比较期间不变化。

Claims (11)

1.一种无线电应答器,具有
-天线,
-发送和接收单元,
-与所述天线连接的谐振电路,所述谐振电路包括多个彼此并联地布置的电容器,这些所述电容器分别与保险装置串联地布置,其中,所述电容器能够通过串联设置的保险装置接通,以调谐所述谐振电路,
-与所述谐振电路相连的控制单元,所述控制单元设计和设置用于根据通过无线电应答器读取设备传输的或在无线电应答器控制单元中产生的控制信号产生用于所述谐振电路的相应的保险装置的切换信号,
其特征在于,
-所述谐振电路包括与所述电容器并联地布置的电容二极管,和-所述控制单元设计和设置用于在迭代的谐振频率确定过程之内根据通过无线电应答器读取设备传输的或在无线电应答器控制单元中产生的控制信号驱控所述电容二极管。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无线电应答器,其中,所述控制单元设计和设置用于根据通过无线电应答器读取设备或通过无线电应答器控制单元确定的谐振频率产生用于所述谐振电路的相应的保险装置的切换信号,其中借助于用于所述保险装置的所述切换信号实现对所述谐振电路的最终配置。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的无线电应答器,其中,通过所述无线电应答器读取设备传输的所述控制信号从由所述无线电应答器的应答信号所包括的场强测量值中推导出,或者,其中,在所述无线电应答器控制单元中的所述控制信号从在所述无线电应答器中测定的场强测量值中推导出。
4.根据权利要求3所述的无线电应答器,其中,所述控制单元设计和设置用于在接收到无线电应答器读取设备的询问信号时触发通过所述发送和接收单元进行的所述应答信号的传输。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的无线电应答器,其中,所述保险装置是多晶硅保险装置。
6.根据权利要求5所述的无线电应答器,其中,所述多晶硅保险装置能够借助于电流负载来切换。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的无线电应答器,其中,所述保险装置集成到半导体芯片中并且能够借助于激光来切换。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的无线电应答器,其中,所述无线电应答器是RFID标签。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的无线电应答器,其中,所述无线电应答器无源地运行和/或不具有自身的能量供应装置。
10.一种用于调谐根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的无线电应答器的方法,其中
-借助于无线电应答器读取设备将询问信号发送给所述无线电应答器,
-所述无线电应答器为所述询问信号确定场强测量值,
-所述无线电应答器将具有所述场强测量值的应答信号传输给所述无线电应答器读取设备或传输给无线电应答器控制单元,
-所述无线电应答器读取设备或所述无线电应答器控制单元将所述场强测量值与能预设的基准值进行比较,
-所述无线电应答器读取设备或所述无线电应答器控制单元在所述场强测量值与所述基准值的限定的偏差的情况下命令借助于所述无线电应答器的第一电容值或相关联的保险装置接通第一谐振电路电容器和重新确定更新的场强测量值,以重新进行评估,
-所述无线电应答读取设备或所述无线电应答器控制单元在所述更新的场强测量值与所述基准值的限定的偏差的情况下迭代地命令借助于所述无线电应答器的另一电容值或相关联的保险装置接通另一谐振电路电容器和重新确定场强,
其特征在于,
-所述谐振电路包括与所述电容器并联设置的电容二极管,和
-在迭代的谐振频率确定过程之内根据所述场强测量值通过所述无线电应答器读取设备或通过所述无线电应答器控制单元中驱控所述电容二极管。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,为了最终配置所述谐振电路,根据通过所述无线电应答器读取设备或通过所述无线电应答器控制单元确定的谐振频率,借助于相关联的保险装置来接通所述谐振电路电容器。
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