CN107843540A - The moisture properties and percolation rate of forest soil determine dual-purpose support and assay method - Google Patents

The moisture properties and percolation rate of forest soil determine dual-purpose support and assay method Download PDF

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CN107843540A
CN107843540A CN201711328053.6A CN201711328053A CN107843540A CN 107843540 A CN107843540 A CN 107843540A CN 201711328053 A CN201711328053 A CN 201711328053A CN 107843540 A CN107843540 A CN 107843540A
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cutting ring
soil
support
water
moisture
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CN107843540B (en
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瞿爽
杨瑞
王勇
裴仪岱
刘志
王灯
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Guizhou University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/04Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of moisture properties of forest soil and percolation rate to determine dual-purpose support, including cutting ring deck, hydrops funnel, A-frame, and under cutting ring deck, A-frame is used to support cutting ring deck and hydrops funnel to combine hydrops funnel upper limb.In use, the cutting ring with soil for needing to determine is placed on support, after adding water to the immersion of cutting ring apparent height, takes out and stand, determined respectively according to the standard of the measure of forest soil moisture regime physical property;The combination unit of the cutting ring with soil for determining percolation rate will be needed to be placed on support, determined respectively according to soil filtration rate bioassay standard.It is an advantage of the invention that the undisturbed soil grogs in cutting ring is difficult for drop-off, stand cutting ring and do not have to dry sand, it is placed directly on support frame, small volume, it is simple portable, avoid the interference of the multiple human factor such as mobile, practicality simple to operate, it is efficient and convenient, the time of measuring can be particularly saved in high-volume continuous mode.

Description

The moisture properties and percolation rate of forest soil determine dual-purpose support and assay method
Technical field
The invention belongs to forest soil experimental apparatus technical field, a kind of moisture properties more particularly to forest soil and Percolation rate determines dual-purpose support and assay method.
Background technology
Moisture is the required nutriment of plant life and growth, is the indispensable key element of the ecosystem, the soil water is One of important component in the ecosystem, it not only has influence on the physical property of soil, with the dissolving of nutrient in soil, turn It is closely bound up to move the activity with microorganism etc..The physical property and soil filtration rate of the soil moisture of forest just directly affects gloomy The growth of forest vegetation, the research tool for function of being conserved water and soil to it are of great significance.Therefore, forest soil moisture regime thing is determined Rationality matter and soil filtration rate, for implementing precision forestry, prevention soil and water loss, preferably play forest water conservation function etc. Have great importance.
Forest soil moisture regime physical property includes the indexs such as the soil weight, soil porosity, water capacity, these indexs It is closely related with plant growth, it is the important measure project for studying forest.Forest soil moisture regime-physics of State Administration of Forestry's issue The measure of property(People's Republic of China (PRC) forestry industry standard LY/T 1215-1999), it is specified that using core cutter method measure forest The method of soil moisture-physical property.After taking the non-destructive original-state soil of soil texture to weigh, weighed after being soaked in water, It is placed on and stands on dry sand and repeatedly weigh.It is soaked be placed on dry sand during, easily produce grogs and come off and be stained with one A little dry sands, and the accuracy of measure can be influenceed.
Forest soil percolation rate is the measure of the forest soil percolation rate of State Administration of Forestry's issue(People's Republic of China (PRC) woods Industry professional standard LY/T1218-1999)In define diafiltration cylinder method and core cutter method measure forest soil percolation rate, cylinder will be percolated Cutting ring combination with having been bonded with dewaxing, is placed on the funnel device of suspension, when our water fillings, due to manual operation shadow Ring, occur rock diafiltration cylinder and cutting ring combination unavoidably, cause unnecessary experimental error.And if fixed unstable, it is percolated cylinder Easily turned upside down with cutting ring combination, this is easy for causing the failure of an experiment.Therefore, a kind of forest soil moisture regime-physics is designed Property and the dual-purpose measure support of soil filtration rate, have economical and practical, simple portable, and experimental implementation is efficient and convenient, can reduce Error caused by human factor, the characteristics of effectively avoiding the failure of an experiment.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of moisture properties of forest soil and percolation rate to determine dual-purpose support and measure Method, during forest soil moisture regime-determination of physical appearance and in soil filtration rate continuous mode, it is applicable, it is convenient and practical, Simple portable, experimental implementation is efficient and convenient, particularly can save the plenty of time in high-volume continuous mode.
The purpose of the present invention and solves its technical problem underlying using following technical scheme to realize:A kind of sylvogenic soil The moisture properties and percolation rate of earth determine dual-purpose support, including cutting ring deck 1, hydrops funnel 2, A-frame 3, hydrops funnel 2 Upper limb is under cutting ring deck 1, and A-frame 3 is used to support cutting ring deck 1 and hydrops funnel 2 to combine, the A-frame At least three support bars.
The cutting ring deck 1 is consistent with the interior diameter of cutting ring, the diameter of bore of cutting ring deck 1 with 50.46mm, 70mm or 100mm, polished angle at 45 ° along inside on cutting ring deck 1, be adapted cutting ring deck diameter cutting ring internal orifice dimension.
The inside groove angle of inclination of hydrops funnel 2 is 45 °, and hydrops funnel surface is to hydrops funnel hole height in 25mm-50mm Between.
Between 120mm-150mm, three support bars of A-frame are welded on 3 height perpendicular to the ground of A-frame Outside cutting ring deck 1, and the pad of three support bars is in 120 ° two-by-two on cutting ring deck same plane.
The cutting ring deck 1, hydrops funnel 2, A-frame 3 are that alloy tempering material is made;The A-frame 3 Three support bars are that the thick hollow compo pipes of 1mm are made, and the length of three support bars is identical.
The assay method of dual-purpose support, including following step are determined using the moisture properties and percolation rate of the forest soil Suddenly:1)The measure of forest soil moisture regime-physical property:It will need to soak the cutting ring with soil, only stay with aperture bottom Bottom surface is placed on support, is directly placed into water and is soaked, and keeps the height of water layer untill edge on cutting ring, allows it to absorb water up to 12 Hour, now the capillary pore in cutting ring in soil aperture and noncapilarry porosity are filled with moisture, gently remove and fill from support The cutting ring of full water point, weighs, so that it may calculate soil maximum water holding capacity immediately;Cutting ring after weighing support and equipped with soil is from water Middle taking-up, which is placed on level land, stands 2 hours, and now the non-capillary water of soil is all flowed out in cutting ring, and band is gently removed from support Native cutting ring is weighed, so that it may calculates capillary moisture capacity;The cutting ring with soil of weighing is put back on support again, is placed on nothing At wind:Sand 24 hours, loam 48-72 hours, clay 96-120 hours, now the moisture of soil poises for hollow billet in cutting ring Water, remove from support and weighed with native cutting ring, so that it may calculate least water-holding capacity;
2)The measure of forest soil percolation rate:Reach after soaking 12 hours minute cutting ring with soil combine or Diafiltration cylinder is placed on support, and general sand soaks 4-6 h, loam leaching 8-12 h, clay contamination 24h;Into idle loop knife above or ooze In filter cylinder plus water, ensure water layer 5 cm of thickness, after adding water, timing first is dripped since below funnel when dripping, later every one Fix time interval:0.5th, 1,2,3 ... 10min, the beaker below hydrops funnel is changed, and measures ooze out water respectively:Q1、Q2、Q3 …Qn;Often change a beaker and the cutting ring water surface above is added into original height 5cm, while record water temperature DEG C;List is measured always The position time ooze out water it is equal untill, calculate soil filtration rate according to the data that measure.
The step 1)Can be according to the viscosity proper extension soak time of soil, when the soil of general heavy texture is placed Between 12-14 hours.
In use, the cutting ring with soil for needing to determine is placed on support, after adding water to the immersion of cutting ring apparent height, Take out and stand, determined respectively according to the standard of the measure of forest soil moisture regime-physical property;It will need to determine carrying for percolation rate The cutting ring combination unit of soil is placed on support, is determined respectively according to soil filtration rate bioassay standard.
The present invention has clear advantage and beneficial effect compared with prior art.From above technical scheme, this hair The bright original state structure that both can guarantee that cutting ring soil is not destroyed, cutting ring stand with support, reduce rock wait caused by error, it is simple It is single portable, easy to operate, improve the efficiency of measure.And can avoids in soil percolation rate determination experiment touches in the injecting process Cause the failure of an experiment to seepage cylinder or the cutting ring combination of suspension, or the accurate of soil filtration rate is influenceed because of rocking Value, operation become efficiency that is simpler and improving measure.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Marked in figure:1st, cutting ring deck, 2, hydrops funnel, 3, A-frame.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment, to the moisture properties and percolation rate according to forest soil proposed by the present invention Dual-purpose support and assay method embodiment, structure, feature and its effect are determined, is described in detail as after.
Referring to Fig. 1, the moisture properties and percolation rate of a kind of forest soil determine dual-purpose support, including cutting ring deck 1, hydrops Funnel 2, A-frame 3, under cutting ring deck 1, A-frame 3 is used to support cutting ring deck 1 and product the upper limb of hydrops funnel 2 Liquid funnel 2 combines, the A-frame at least three support bars.
The cutting ring deck 1 is consistent with the interior diameter of cutting ring, the forest soil moisture regime-thing issued with reference to the State Administration of Forestry The measure of rationality matter(People's Republic of China (PRC) forestry industry standard LY/T 1215-1999)Standard, the diameter of bore of cutting ring deck 1 With 50.46mm, 70mm or 100mm, polished angle at 45 ° along inside on cutting ring deck 1, make cutting ring deck diameter cutting ring endoporus Footpath is adapted.
The inside groove angle of inclination of hydrops funnel 2 is 45 °, and hydrops funnel surface is to hydrops funnel hole height in 25mm-50mm Between.The moisture for being collected into and oozing out so is able to ensure that, and can preferably reflect infiltration speed in this process.
Between 120mm-150mm, three support bars of A-frame are welded on 3 height perpendicular to the ground of A-frame Outside cutting ring deck 1, and the pad of three support bars is in 120 ° two-by-two on cutting ring deck same plane.A-frame can Stable support whole device, and angle has larger space in 120 ° during beaker is changed, it is possible to increase determination efficiency.
The cutting ring deck 1, hydrops funnel 2, A-frame 3 are that alloy tempering material is made;The A-frame 3 Three support bars are that the thick hollow compo pipes of 1mm are made, and the length of three support bars is identical.So it is easy to carry, and not Meeting corrosion, avoids unnecessary experimental error.
The assay method of dual-purpose support, including following step are determined using the moisture properties and percolation rate of the forest soil Suddenly:1)The measure of forest soil moisture regime-physical property:It will need to soak the cutting ring with soil, only stay with aperture bottom Bottom surface is placed on support, is directly placed into water and is soaked, and keeps the height of water layer untill edge on cutting ring, allows it to absorb water up to 12 Hour, now the capillary pore in cutting ring in soil aperture and noncapilarry porosity are filled with moisture, gently remove and fill from support The cutting ring of full water point, weighs, so that it may calculate soil maximum water holding capacity immediately;Cutting ring after weighing support and equipped with soil is from water Middle taking-up, which is placed on level land, stands 2 hours, and now the non-capillary water of soil is all flowed out in cutting ring, and band is gently removed from support Native cutting ring is weighed, so that it may calculates capillary moisture capacity;The cutting ring with soil of weighing is put back on support again, is placed on nothing At wind:Sand 24 hours, loam 48-72 hours, clay 96-120 hours, now the moisture of soil poises for hollow billet in cutting ring Water, remove from support and weighed with native cutting ring, so that it may calculate least water-holding capacity;Process used above is sent out with the State Administration of Forestry The measure of forest soil moisture regime-physical property of cloth(People's Republic of China (PRC) forestry industry standard LY/T 1215-1999)Standard Continuous mode it is consistent, the measure of Soil Moisture-Physical Properties can be completed by its standard, and get corresponding results.
2)The measure of forest soil percolation rate:The cutting ring with soil for reaching minute after soaking 12 hours combines Or diafiltration cylinder is placed on support, general sand soaks 4-6 h, loam leaching 8-12 h, clay contamination 24h;Into idle loop knife above Or in diafiltration cylinder plus water, ensure water layer 5 cm of thickness, and after adding water, timing first is dripped since below funnel when dripping, often later Every intervals:0.5th, 1,2,3 ... 10min, the beaker below hydrops funnel is changed, and measures ooze out water respectively:Q1、 Q2、Q3 …Qn;Often change a beaker and the cutting ring water surface above is added into original height 5cm, while record water temperature DEG C;Survey always To the unit interval ooze out water it is equal untill, calculate soil filtration rate according to the data that measure.Process used above and national woods The measure People's Republic of China (PRC) forestry industry standard of the forest soil percolation rate of industry office issue(LY/T1218-1999)Middle regulation The continuous mode of the forest soil percolation rate of diafiltration cylinder method and core cutter method measure is consistent, by its standard can complete the soil water Point-measure of physical property, and get corresponding results.
The step 1)Can be according to the viscosity proper extension soak time of soil, when the soil of general heavy texture is placed Between 12-14 hours.
It is an advantage of the invention that the undisturbed soil grogs in cutting ring is difficult for drop-off, stands cutting ring and do not have to dry sand, be placed directly in branch On support, small volume is simple portable, avoids the interference of the multiple human factor such as mobile, practicality simple to operate, soon Victory is convenient, and the time of measuring can be particularly saved in high-volume continuous mode.
The present invention both can guarantee that the cutting ring band pedotheque original state of measure was not destroyed, and cutting ring is placed in midair, it is not necessary to dry Sand;During soil filtration rate is determined, it is percolated cylinder or cutting ring combination unit is smoothly placed in midair, water filling is convenient, reduces Experimental error, improves efficiency;Make determining soil moisture and soil filtration rate determine it is simple it is portable, easy to operate, data are accurate Really;The time of measuring can be particularly saved in high-volume continuous mode.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, not making any formal limitation to the present invention, appoint Without departing from technical solution of the present invention content, what the technical spirit according to the present invention was made to above example any simply repaiies for what Change, equivalent variations and modification, in the range of still falling within technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. the moisture properties and percolation rate of a kind of forest soil determine dual-purpose support, it is characterised in that:Including cutting ring deck 1, product Liquid funnel 2, A-frame 3, the upper limb of hydrops funnel 2 under the cutting ring deck 1, A-frame 3 be used to supporting cutting ring deck 1 and Hydrops funnel 2 combines, the A-frame at least three support bars.
2. the moisture properties and percolation rate of forest soil as claimed in claim 1 determine dual-purpose support, it is characterised in that:It is described Cutting ring deck 1 is consistent with the interior diameter of cutting ring, cutting ring deck 1 diameter of bore 50.46mm, 70mm or 100mm, cutting ring card Along inside polishing angle at 45 ° on seat 1, it is adapted cutting ring deck diameter cutting ring internal orifice dimension.
3. the moisture properties and percolation rate of forest soil as claimed in claim 1 determine dual-purpose support, it is characterised in that:It is described The inside groove angle of inclination of hydrops funnel 2 is 45 °, and hydrops funnel surface is to hydrops funnel hole height between 25mm-50mm.
4. the moisture properties and percolation rate of forest soil as claimed in claim 1 determine dual-purpose support, it is characterised in that:It is described 3 height perpendicular to the ground of A-frame between 120mm-150mm, three support bars of A-frame be welded on cutting ring deck 1 it Outside, and three support bars pad on cutting ring deck same plane two-by-two be in 120 °.
5. the moisture properties and percolation rate of forest soil as claimed in claim 1 determine dual-purpose support, it is characterised in that:It is described Cutting ring deck 1, hydrops funnel 2, A-frame 3 are that alloy tempering material is made;Three support bars of the A-frame 3 are equal It is made up of the thick hollow compo pipes of 1mm, the length of three support bars is identical.
6. determine the measure side of dual-purpose support using the moisture properties and percolation rate of one of the claim 1-5 forest soil Method, it is characterised in that:Comprise the following steps:1)The measure of forest soil moisture regime-physical property:It will need to soak with soil Cutting ring, only stay the bottom surface with aperture bottom to be placed on support, be directly placed into water and soaked, keep the height of water layer to ring On knife untill edge, it is allowed to absorb water up to 12 hours, now the capillary pore in cutting ring in soil aperture and noncapilarry porosity are filled with Moisture, the cutting ring full of moisture is gently removed from support, is weighed immediately, so that it may calculate soil maximum water holding capacity;Handle after weighing Support and cutting ring equipped with soil take out to be placed on level land from water stands 2 hours, and now the non-capillary water of soil is complete in cutting ring Portion flows out, and gently removes from support and is weighed with native cutting ring, so that it may calculates capillary moisture capacity;Again by weighing with soil Cutting ring is put back on support, is placed on calm place:Sand 24 hours, loam 48-72 hours, clay 96-120 hours, now ring The moisture of soil is capillary hanging water in knife, removes from support and is weighed with native cutting ring, so that it may calculates least water-holding capacity;
2)The measure of forest soil percolation rate:Reach after soaking 12 hours minute cutting ring with soil combine or Diafiltration cylinder is placed on support, and general sand soaks 4-6 h, loam leaching 8-12 h, clay contamination 24h;Into idle loop knife above or ooze In filter cylinder plus water, ensure water layer 5 cm of thickness, after adding water, timing first is dripped since below funnel when dripping, later every one Fix time interval:0.5th, 1,2,3 ... 10min, the beaker below hydrops funnel is changed, and measures ooze out water respectively:Q1、Q2、Q3 …Qn;Often change a beaker and the cutting ring water surface above is added into original height 5cm, while record water temperature DEG C;List is measured always The position time ooze out water it is equal untill, calculate soil filtration rate according to the data that measure.
7. the moisture properties and percolation rate of forest soil as claimed in claim 6 determine the assay method of dual-purpose support, its feature It is:The step 1)Can be according to the viscosity proper extension soak time of soil, the soil standing time of general heavy texture 12-14 hours.
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