CN107838172B - Method for generating electricity by burning household garbage through laser pyrolysis - Google Patents
Method for generating electricity by burning household garbage through laser pyrolysis Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000001725 laser pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage treatment, and provides a method for generating electricity by burning household garbage through laser pyrolysis. The method comprises the steps of crushing the household garbage, carrying out filter pressing, and recovering water and grease. The solid waste is then subjected to infrared heating and laser treatment to decompose the waste, thereby generating combustible gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane, and leaving solid substances such as coke and carbon black. The combustible gas is sent into a combustion chamber for combustion, and is used for steam power generation or heat supply through a heating boiler. Compared with the traditional method, the combustible gas obtained by the treatment method disclosed by the invention is clean in combustion, so that the problems of secondary pollution and malodor are greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the whole process is low in energy consumption, low in labor cost, high in garbage utilization rate and high in added value, and has remarkable environmental protection advantages and good economic advantages.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage treatment, and provides a method for generating electricity by burning household garbage through laser pyrolysis.
Background
The domestic garbage is a companion of production and living of human beings, is a universal problem facing human beings, and is related to whether population, resources and environment can develop coordinately. Along with the rapid development of the socioeconomic rapid urbanization process of China and the rapid improvement of the living standard of people, the yield of municipal solid waste is increasing day by day. The garbage not only occupies a large amount of land and destroys urban landscapes, but also causes continuous pollution to the environment in which human beings depend for survival, thereby threatening the health of human beings. How to properly treat domestic garbage and realize reduction, resource utilization, harmlessness and industrialization of the garbage becomes a problem which needs to be solved urgently in the development of human society.
At present, the domestic garbage treatment method is various and mainly comprises the following steps: landfill method, composting method, burning method and comprehensive utilization method. In addition, the method also comprises pyrolysis, sorting and recycling, comprehensive treatment and the like. At present, three traditional treatment methods of landfill, composting and incineration are mainly adopted in China. The landfill method is a very negative and universal garbage disposal method, although the disposal method has the advantages of low investment, simple process and large disposal quantity, and better realizes the harmlessness of the earth surface. However, the landfill garbage is not subjected to harmless treatment, and a large amount of bacterial viruses remain; the leakage liquid of the garbage can pollute underground water resources, the garbage can not be recycled, and great hidden danger exists. The composting method is characterized in that organic matters in the household garbage and a certain proportion of inorganic matters are mixed, and the mixture is degraded and converted into stable rotten matters under the action of microorganisms under a certain condition to form the improved fertilizer which can be applied to farmlands. The garbage incineration method is a domestic garbage treatment method which converts carbohydrates in garbage into carbon dioxide and water, kills viruses and bacteria at high temperature, and reasonably utilizes heat energy generated in the incineration process, has the advantages of small occupied area, remarkable reduction, thorough harmlessness, recyclability of incineration heat energy and the like, and particularly can effectively realize the reutilization of the domestic garbage by drying, crushing and screening the garbage for fuel combustion power generation.
At present, domestic waste incineration treatment at home and abroad, particularly technical research for combustion power generation has achieved certain effect. The Li Qingjun invented a comprehensive utilization production process (Chinese patent application No. 201410769912.5) for incineration treatment of domestic garbage, and the method adopts the steps of separating solid from liquid of domestic garbage in a sealed environment, then recovering and reutilizing combustion combustible substances and waste gas liquid, but the method can not solve the problem of stink generated by combustion. In addition, in the aspect of incineration power generation, Zhangjie et al have invented a domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification gas incineration power generation process (Chinese invention patent application No. 201410410132.1), which is to sort, crush and dry the primary domestic garbage, then carry out pyrolysis gasification to generate combustible gas, incinerate the combustible gas, prepare steam from the hot gas obtained by incineration through heat exchange, and introduce the steam into a steam generator to generate power, but the method has high cost and complex preparation process, and cannot solve the problem of combustion odor, and still has secondary pollution.
Therefore, in the prior art, the traditional household garbage incineration treatment generates odor which is difficult to control, simultaneously generates a plurality of heavy metals, chlorine organic compounds, cyanides and nitrides, and particularly has the problems of releasing a large amount of smoke dust and dioxin in the presence of plastics and the like and causing serious secondary pollution to the environment, particularly to the atmosphere. Aiming at the situation, a method for generating power by burning household garbage through laser pyrolysis is provided, and is characterized in that the household garbage is firstly crushed and subjected to pressure filtration, and water and grease are recovered. The solid waste is then subjected to infrared heating and laser treatment to decompose the waste, thereby generating combustible gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane, and leaving solid substances such as coke and carbon black. The combustible gas is sent into a combustion chamber for combustion, and is used for steam power generation or heat supply through a heating boiler.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for generating power by burning household garbage through laser pyrolysis, which can solve the problems that the traditional household garbage burning treatment generates odor which is difficult to control, simultaneously generates a plurality of heavy metals, chlorine organic compounds, cyanides and nitrides, especially releases a large amount of smoke dust and dioxin when plastics exist, and causes serious secondary pollution to the environment, especially to the atmosphere.
The invention relates to a specific technical scheme as follows:
a method for generating electricity by burning domestic garbage through laser cracking includes such steps as breaking domestic garbage, press filtering, and recovering water and oil. The solid waste is then subjected to infrared heating and laser treatment to decompose the waste, thereby generating combustible gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane, and leaving solid substances such as coke and carbon black. The combustible gas is sent into a combustion chamber for combustion, and is used for steam power generation or heat supply through a heating boiler. The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) naturally airing and drying the household garbage, then crushing the household garbage by using a garbage crusher, collecting crushed materials, performing filter pressing in a plate-and-frame filter press, treating water and grease in a water-free treatment pool, and collecting solid garbage for later use;
(2) putting the solid garbage obtained in the step (1) into an infrared heater, introducing nitrogen to remove air in the heater, starting infrared rays, and treating the solid garbage by adopting laser to decompose the solid garbage to generate combustible gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and the like;
(3) and (3) recovering solid matters such as coke, carbon black and the like remained in the step (2) to be used as fuel, blowing combustible gas into a combustion chamber by a blower to be combusted, and using the combustible gas for steam power generation or heat supply by a heating boiler.
Preferably, the domestic garbage in the step (1) is recyclable garbage, including paper, plastics, fibers, metal or glass;
preferably, the garbage crusher in the step (1) is a double-shaft garbage crusher or a four-shaft garbage crusher, the rotating speed of a knife roller is 20-30 r/min, and the size of the crushed household garbage is 30mm multiplied by 80mm multiplied by 20 mm-40 mm multiplied by 140mm multiplied by 30 mm;
preferably, the plate-and-frame filter press in the step (1) is pressed by hydraulic pressure, the working pressure of the rubber-and-plastic plate frame is 12-18 MPa, the filtering pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa, and the feeding temperature is 20-50 ℃;
preferably, the hydraulic oil of the plate-and-frame filter press in the step (1) needs to be filtered, and the mesh diameter of the filter screen is not more than 20 μm;
preferably, the mass fraction of water and grease in the solid waste subjected to pressure filtration by the plate-and-frame filter press in the step (1) is lower than 1%;
preferably, the infrared heating in the step (2) can adopt short wave heating, medium wave heating or long wave heating; the wavelength of the short-wave infrared ray is 3-5 mu m; the wavelength of the medium-wave infrared ray is 5-8 mu m; the wavelength of the long-wave infrared ray is 8-14 mu m;
preferably, the laser in the step (2) is a pulse laser, the generator is a gas laser, a solid laser or a semiconductor laser, and the laser band is 2.5-25 μm;
preferably, the time for the infrared heating and the laser auxiliary treatment in the step (2) is 10-20 min.
The garbage crusher is a machine comprising crushing knife roll, bearing case, hopper, power system and electronic control system, and is used mainly in crushing household garbage, building garbage, plastic waste, electronic garbage, etc. The functions of the device are mainly as follows: on one hand, the volume of the garbage is reduced, the space is saved so as to be convenient for storage and transportation, and on the other hand, the size of the garbage is reduced so as to be convenient for subsequent processing and utilization. The invention adopts the garbage crusher to reduce the size of the garbage so as to facilitate filter pressing. The crushing effect of unipolar rubbish rubbing crusher is better, but production efficiency is lower, consequently adopts biax rubbish rubbing crusher or four-axis rubbish rubbing crusher.
The plate-and-frame filter press is a device for realizing solid-liquid separation in industrial production. The mixed liquid flows through the filter cloth, the solid stays on the filter cloth and is gradually accumulated on the filter cloth to form a filter mud cake, and the filtrate permeates through the filter cloth to become clear liquid without the solid. The mud cake filtered by the filter press has higher solid content and excellent separation effect. The hydraulic plate-and-frame filter press is integrated by machine, electricity and liquid, adopts hydraulic equipment to compress, and adopts manual mechanical locking and pressure maintaining, so that the operation and maintenance are convenient, and the operation is safe and reliable. Therefore, the plate-and-frame filter press can effectively separate the water, the grease and the solid part in the household garbage.
Infrared heat transfer is in the form of radiative heat transfer, with energy transferred by electromagnetic waves. When infrared rays are irradiated to a heated object, a part of the rays is reflected and a part is transmitted. When the wavelength of the emitted infrared ray is consistent with the absorption wavelength of the heated object, the heated object absorbs the infrared ray, and molecules and atoms in the object generate strong vibration and rotation, so that the temperature of the object is raised, and the heating purpose is achieved. When the infrared heating is adopted, the heating is carried out under the condition of isolating air so as to prevent combustion or oxidation.
The laser has strong directivity, concentrated energy, selectable wavelength and easily controlled light path, and can promote the decomposition of materials. In the method, the molecular energy of the solid garbage is increased under the action of infrared heating, the molecular chain mobility of macromolecules is enhanced, the molecular reaction activity is enhanced, and chemical bonds are more easily broken. Under the laser-assisted action, macromolecules are subjected to chain scission degradation, and micromolecules are also decomposed, so that combustible gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane are generated, and toxic and harmful gases such as sulfide, nitric oxide or dioxin are not generated during combustion of the gases, so that secondary pollution to the environment is effectively reduced.
Comparing the treatment method of the present invention with a method of directly drying, crushing and screening domestic garbage for use as a fuel, dust pollution and malodor during the treatment process, sulfide pollution, nitrogen oxide pollution and dioxin pollution during the combustion of the fuel, and economic benefits per ton of domestic garbage are shown in table 1. Therefore, the treatment method has the advantages of less pollution in the treatment process, obvious reduction of pollution in the fuel combustion process and improvement of economic benefit.
Table 1:
| performance index | Pollution by dust | Sulfide contamination | Pollution of nitrogen oxides | Pollution by dioxins | Heavy metal contamination | Malodour in the process | Economic benefits (Yuan/t) |
| Direct drying, crushing and screening as fuel | Is larger | Is more serious | Is more serious | Is more serious | Is provided with | Severe severity of disease | 200~300 |
| The processing method of the present invention | Is smaller | Is free of | Is free of | Is free of | Is free of | Is smaller | 500~600 |
The invention provides a method for generating electricity by burning household garbage through laser pyrolysis, which has the outstanding characteristics and excellent effects compared with the prior art:
1. according to the treatment method, the domestic garbage is decomposed by laser in advance, solid matters such as grease, coke and carbon black are recovered, the obtained combustible gas is burnt cleanly, secondary pollution of dust, sulfide, nitric oxide, dioxin and heavy metal is greatly reduced, and the treatment method has the remarkable advantage of environmental protection.
2. The treatment method can effectively reduce the problem of stink generated by recycling the garbage and reduce the influence on the natural environment and the human health.
3. The treatment method disclosed by the invention is low in energy consumption, low in labor cost, high in garbage utilization rate and added value, and has good economic advantages.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, but it should not be construed that the scope of the present invention is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations can be made by those skilled in the art and by conventional means without departing from the spirit of the method of the invention described above.
Example 1
A method for generating electricity by burning household garbage through laser pyrolysis comprises the following specific process of treating the household garbage:
naturally airing and drying domestic garbage consisting of paper, plastics, fibers, metal and glass, then crushing the domestic garbage by a four-shaft garbage crusher, wherein the rotating speed of a knife roller is 30r/min, the crushed domestic garbage is 40mm multiplied by 140mm multiplied by 30mm in size, collecting crushed materials, performing filter pressing in a plate-and-frame filter press, performing hydraulic compaction, the working pressure of a plate frame is 12MPa, the filtering pressure is 0.4MPa, the feeding temperature is 20 ℃, hydraulic oil is firstly filtered by a 20-micron filter screen, water and grease enter a water-free treatment tank for treatment, and collecting solid garbage for later use, wherein the content of water and grease in the solid garbage is lower than 1%; putting the solid waste into an infrared heater, introducing nitrogen to remove air in the heater, starting the infrared, adopting short infrared with the wavelength of 5 mu m, and adopting solid laser to treat the solid waste to decompose the solid waste to generate combustible gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and the like, wherein the laser wavelength is 25 mu m, and the time is 10 min; the residual solid matters such as coke, carbon black and the like can be used as fuel after being recovered, and combustible gas is blown into a combustion chamber by a blower to be combusted, and is used for steam power generation or heat supply through a heating boiler.
The treatment method of example 1, dust pollution and offensive odor in the treatment process, sulfide pollution, nitrogen oxide pollution and dioxin pollution in the combustion process of fuel, and economic benefits per ton of domestic garbage are shown in table 2.
Example 2
A method for generating electricity by burning household garbage through laser pyrolysis comprises the following specific process of treating the household garbage:
naturally airing and drying domestic garbage consisting of paper, plastics, fibers, metal and glass, then crushing the domestic garbage by using a double-shaft garbage crusher, wherein the rotating speed of a knife roller is 22r/min, the crushed domestic garbage is 35 multiplied by 90 multiplied by 20mm in size, collecting crushed materials, performing filter pressing in a plate-and-frame filter press, performing hydraulic compaction, the working pressure of a plate frame is 16MPa, the filtering pressure is 0.3MPa, the feeding temperature is 40 ℃, hydraulic oil is firstly filtered by using a 20 mu m filter screen, water and grease enter a water-free treatment tank for treatment, and collecting solid garbage for later use, wherein the content of water and grease in the solid garbage is lower than 1%; putting the solid waste into an infrared heater, introducing nitrogen to remove air in the heater, starting the infrared, adopting long infrared with the wavelength of 10 mu m, and adopting gas laser to treat the solid waste to decompose the solid waste to generate combustible gas such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and the like, wherein the laser wavelength is 10 mu m, and the time is 20 min; the residual solid matters such as coke, carbon black and the like can be used as fuel after being recovered, and combustible gas is blown into a combustion chamber by a blower to be combusted, and is used for steam power generation or heat supply through a heating boiler.
The treatment method of example 2, dust pollution and offensive odor in the treatment process, sulfide pollution, nitrogen oxide pollution and dioxin pollution in the combustion process of fuel, and economic benefits per ton of domestic garbage are shown in table 2.
Example 3
A method for generating electricity by burning household garbage through laser pyrolysis comprises the following specific process of treating the household garbage:
naturally airing and drying domestic garbage consisting of paper, plastics, fibers, metal and glass, then crushing by a four-shaft garbage crusher, wherein the rotating speed of a knife roller is 25r/min, the crushed domestic garbage is 40mm multiplied by 120mm multiplied by 30mm, collecting crushed materials, performing filter pressing in a plate-and-frame filter press, performing hydraulic compaction, the working pressure of a plate frame is 18MPa, the filtering pressure is 0.2MPa, the feeding temperature is 50 ℃, hydraulic oil is firstly filtered by a 20-micron filter screen, water and grease enter a water-free treatment tank for treatment, and collecting solid garbage for later use, wherein the content of water and grease in the solid garbage is lower than 1%; placing the solid waste in an infrared heater, introducing nitrogen to remove air in the heater, starting infrared rays, adopting middle infrared rays with the wavelength of 6 mu m, and adopting semiconductor laser to treat the solid waste to decompose the solid waste to generate combustible gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and the like, wherein the laser wavelength is 25 mu m, and the time is 10 min; the residual solid matters such as coke, carbon black and the like can be used as fuel after being recovered, and combustible gas is blown into a combustion chamber by a blower to be combusted, and is used for steam power generation or heat supply through a heating boiler.
The treatment method of example 3, dust pollution and offensive odor in the treatment process, sulfide pollution, nitrogen oxide pollution and dioxin pollution in the combustion process of fuel, and economic benefits per ton of domestic garbage are shown in table 2.
Example 4
A method for generating electricity by burning household garbage through laser pyrolysis comprises the following specific process of treating the household garbage:
naturally airing and drying domestic garbage consisting of paper, plastics, fibers, metal and glass, then crushing the domestic garbage by using a double-shaft garbage crusher, wherein the rotating speed of a knife roller is 28r/min, the crushed domestic garbage is 40mm multiplied by 120mm multiplied by 20mm, collecting crushed materials, performing filter pressing in a plate-and-frame filter press, performing hydraulic compaction, the working pressure of a plate frame is 18MPa, the filtering pressure is 0.2MPa, the feeding temperature is 40 ℃, hydraulic oil is firstly filtered by using a 20-micron filter screen, water and grease enter a water-free treatment tank for treatment, and collecting solid garbage for later use, wherein the content of water and grease in the solid garbage is lower than 1%; placing the solid waste in an infrared heater, introducing nitrogen to remove air in the heater, starting the infrared, adopting short infrared with the wavelength of 5 mu m, and adopting gas laser to treat the solid waste to decompose the solid waste to generate combustible gas such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and the like, wherein the laser wavelength is 18 mu m, and the time is 14 min; the residual solid matters such as coke, carbon black and the like can be used as fuel after being recovered, and combustible gas is blown into a combustion chamber by a blower to be combusted, and is used for steam power generation or heat supply through a heating boiler.
The treatment method of example 4, dust pollution and offensive odor in the treatment process, sulfide pollution, nitrogen oxide pollution and dioxin pollution in the combustion process of fuel, and economic benefits per ton of domestic garbage are shown in table 2.
Example 5
A method for generating electricity by burning household garbage through laser pyrolysis comprises the following specific process of treating the household garbage:
naturally airing and drying domestic garbage consisting of paper, plastics, fibers, metal and glass, then crushing by a four-shaft garbage crusher, wherein the rotating speed of a knife roller is 25r/min, the crushed domestic garbage is 30 multiplied by 90 multiplied by 30mm, the crushed domestic garbage is collected, filter pressing is carried out in a plate-and-frame filter press, hydraulic pressing is adopted, the working pressure of a plate frame is 15MPa, the filtering pressure is 0.4MPa, the feeding temperature is 26 ℃, hydraulic oil is firstly filtered by a 20 mu m filter screen, water and grease enter a water-free treatment tank for treatment, solid garbage is collected for standby use, and the content of water and grease in the solid garbage is lower than 1%; putting the solid waste into an infrared heater, introducing nitrogen to remove air in the heater, starting infrared rays, adopting middle infrared rays with the wavelength of 8 mu m, and adopting solid laser to treat the solid waste to decompose the solid waste to generate combustible gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and the like, wherein the laser wavelength is 25 mu m, and the time is 10 min; the residual solid matters such as coke, carbon black and the like can be used as fuel after being recovered, and combustible gas is blown into a combustion chamber by a blower to be combusted, and is used for steam power generation or heat supply through a heating boiler.
The treatment method of example 5, dust pollution and offensive odor in the treatment process, sulfide pollution, nitrogen oxide pollution and dioxin pollution in the combustion process of fuel, and economic benefits per ton of domestic garbage were as shown in table 2.
Example 6
A method for generating electricity by burning household garbage through laser pyrolysis comprises the following specific process of treating the household garbage:
naturally airing and drying domestic garbage consisting of paper, plastics, fibers, metal and glass, then crushing the domestic garbage by using a double-shaft garbage crusher, wherein the rotating speed of a knife roller is 30r/min, the crushed domestic garbage is 40mm multiplied by 140mm multiplied by 30mm in size, collecting crushed materials, performing filter pressing in a plate-and-frame filter press, performing hydraulic compaction, the working pressure of a plate frame is 12MPa, the filtering pressure is 0.2MPa, the feeding temperature is 40 ℃, hydraulic oil is firstly filtered by using a 20-micron filter screen, water and grease enter a water-free treatment tank for treatment, and collecting solid garbage for later use, wherein the content of water and grease in the solid garbage is lower than 1%; placing the solid waste in an infrared heater, introducing nitrogen to remove air in the heater, starting the infrared, treating the solid waste with long infrared rays with the wavelength of 12 μm and semiconductor laser to decompose the solid waste to generate combustible gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane, wherein the laser wavelength is 10 μm and the time is 20 min; the residual solid matters such as coke, carbon black and the like can be used as fuel after being recovered, and combustible gas is blown into a combustion chamber by a blower to be combusted, and is used for steam power generation or heat supply through a heating boiler.
The treatment method of example 6, dust pollution and offensive odor in the treatment process, sulfide pollution, nitrogen oxide pollution and dioxin pollution in the combustion process of fuel, and economic benefits per ton of domestic garbage are shown in table 2.
Comparative example 1
After being dried, crushed and screened, the domestic garbage is directly used as fuel for combustion.
The treatment method of comparative example 1, dust pollution and offensive odor during the treatment, sulfide pollution, nitrogen oxide pollution and dioxin pollution during the combustion of fuel, and economic benefits per ton of domestic garbage are shown in table 2.
Table 2:
| performance index | Pollution by dust | Sulfide contamination | Pollution of nitrogen oxides | Pollution by dioxins | Heavy metal contamination | Malodour in the process | Economic benefits (Yuan/t) |
| Comparative example 1 | Is larger | Is more serious | Is more serious | Is more serious | Is provided with | Severe severity of disease | 200~300 |
| Example 1 | Is smaller | Is free of | Is free of | Is free of | Is free of | Is smaller | 500~600 |
| Example 2 | Is smaller | Is free of | Is free of | Is free of | Is free of | Is smaller | 500~600 |
| Example 3 | Is smaller | Is free of | Is free of | Is free of | Is free of | Is smaller | 500~600 |
| Example 4 | Is smaller | Is free of | Is free of | Is free of | Is free of | Is smaller | 500~600 |
| Example 5 | Is smaller | Is free of | Is free of | Is free of | Is free of | Is smaller | 500~600 |
| Example 6 | Is smaller | Is free of | Is free of | Is free of | Is free of | Is smaller | 500~600 |
Claims (5)
1. A method for generating electricity by burning household garbage through laser pyrolysis is characterized in that the household garbage is firstly crushed and filter-pressed, water and grease are recovered, then solid garbage is subjected to infrared heating and laser treatment to be decomposed, generated combustible gas is hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane, solid coke and carbon black are remained, the combustible gas is sent into a combustion chamber to be combusted, and the combustible gas is used for steam power generation or heat supply through a heating boiler, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) naturally airing and drying the household garbage, then crushing the household garbage by using a garbage crusher, collecting crushed materials, performing filter pressing in a plate-and-frame filter press, treating water and grease in a water-free treatment pool, and collecting solid garbage for later use; the plate-and-frame filter press is compressed by hydraulic pressure, the working pressure of the rubber-and-plastic plate frame is 12-18 MPa, the filtering pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa, and the feeding temperature is 20-50 ℃; the household garbage is recyclable garbage and comprises paper, plastics, fibers, metal or glass; the mass fraction of water and grease of the solid garbage after being filter-pressed by a plate-and-frame filter press is lower than 1 percent;
(2) putting the solid garbage obtained in the step (1) into an infrared heater, introducing nitrogen to remove air in the heater, starting infrared rays, and treating the solid garbage by adopting laser to decompose the solid garbage, wherein the generated combustible gas is hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane; the infrared heating can adopt short wave heating, medium wave heating or long wave heating; the wavelength of the short-wave infrared ray is 3-5 mu m; the wavelength of the medium-wave infrared ray is 5-8 mu m; the wavelength of the long-wave infrared ray is 8-14 mu m;
(3) and (3) recovering the solid coke and carbon black remained in the step (2) to be used as fuel, blowing combustible gas into a combustion chamber by a blower for combustion, and using the combustible gas for steam power generation or heat supply by a heating boiler.
2. The method for generating power by burning household garbage through laser pyrolysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the garbage crusher in the step (1) is a double-shaft garbage crusher or a four-shaft garbage crusher, the rotating speed of a knife roll is 20-30 r/min, and the size of the crushed household garbage is 30mm multiplied by 80mm multiplied by 20 mm-40 mm multiplied by 140mm multiplied by 30 mm.
3. The method for generating power by burning household garbage through laser pyrolysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the hydraulic oil of the plate-and-frame filter press in the step (1) needs to be filtered, and the diameter of a filter screen is not more than 20 mu m.
4. The method for generating power by burning household garbage through laser pyrolysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) the laser in the step (2) is pulse laser, the generator is a gas laser, a solid laser or a semiconductor laser, and the laser waveband is 2.5-25 mu m.
5. The method for generating power by burning household garbage through laser pyrolysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) the time of the infrared heating and laser auxiliary treatment in the step (2) is 10-20 min.
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