CN107834824B - Power switch tube driving circuit - Google Patents

Power switch tube driving circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107834824B
CN107834824B CN201711316224.3A CN201711316224A CN107834824B CN 107834824 B CN107834824 B CN 107834824B CN 201711316224 A CN201711316224 A CN 201711316224A CN 107834824 B CN107834824 B CN 107834824B
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China
Prior art keywords
driving
additional branch
circuit
tube
power switch
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Active
Application number
CN201711316224.3A
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CN107834824A (en
Inventor
熊新
曾建友
何宜洋
钱金亮
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Shenzhen Hopewind Electric Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Hopewind Electric Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201711316224.3A priority Critical patent/CN107834824B/en
Publication of CN107834824A publication Critical patent/CN107834824A/en
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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • H02M1/092Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices the control signals being transmitted optically
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/04Modifications for accelerating switching
    • H03K17/0406Modifications for accelerating switching in composite switches
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/04Modifications for accelerating switching
    • H03K17/041Modifications for accelerating switching without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
    • H03K17/04106Modifications for accelerating switching without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit in field-effect transistor switches
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H03K17/081Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
    • H03K17/08104Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit in field-effect transistor switches
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H03K17/081Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
    • H03K17/08116Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit in composite switches
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/567Circuits characterised by the use of more than one type of semiconductor device, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/687Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/0081Power supply means, e.g. to the switch driver
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a power switch tube driving circuit which comprises a controller, an isolation driving optocoupler and at least one switch circuit, wherein the controller is connected with the isolation driving optocoupler, the isolation driving optocoupler is connected with the switch circuit through a driving wiring on a PCB (printed circuit board), at least one first additional branch connected with the driving wiring in parallel is further arranged between the isolation driving optocoupler and the switch circuit, and the additional branch comprises a first capacitor, so that the alternating current impedance of the additional branch is close to zero. The power switch tube driving circuit has the advantages of high switching speed and capability of preventing overvoltage spikes.

Description

Power switch tube driving circuit
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power switching tubes, in particular to a power switching tube driving circuit.
Background
The switching tube (MOS tube or IGBT) is used in power electronic products in large quantity, and the reliability and product performance of the switching tube are directly affected by the quality of the driving circuit. The switching tube is driven to have longer wiring, so that the problem of too high GS voltage peak of the switching tube is easily caused, and the problem is generally solved by optimizing the wiring or adding an absorption capacitor. However, increasing the absorption capacitance results in increased switching tube losses, exacerbating heating, and reducing overall system efficiency. And optimize PCB drive wiring, it is not regular to circulate, the reliability is not high. In addition, in the application occasion of multi-pipe parallel connection, the limitation of the placement position of the device is that some pipe wires are long, so that the problem of too high voltage peak of the switch tube GS is easily caused, and the problem of dynamic uneven flow is also caused because the driving wires of each pipe are inconsistent. At present, in order to solve the problem of multi-tube parallel dynamic current sharing, an independent driving circuit is used for each switching tube in a common way, and the disadvantage is that the circuit volume and the circuit cost are additionally increased.
As shown in fig. 1, a single-tube power switch tube driving circuit in the prior art comprises a controller, an isolation driving optocoupler, a driving resistor Rg and a switch tube Q1, wherein a PWM driving signal sent by the controller is directly connected with a grid electrode of the switch tube Q1 through the isolation driving optocoupler and the driving resistor Rg, and a source electrode and a drain electrode of the switch tube Q1 are respectively connected with a bus and a reference ground wire. In fig. 1, the PCB driving trace between the output end of the isolation driving optocoupler and the driving resistor Rg can be equivalent to the inductance L1, so that the problem of too high voltage spike of the switching tube GS can be caused, thereby affecting the service life of the switching tube.
As shown in fig. 2, in the multi-tube power switch tube driving circuit in the prior art, the equivalent inductance L1 and the resistance are different due to the fact that driving wires of each tube are inconsistent, and a dynamic non-current sharing problem is caused, so that the service life of a switch tube is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a power switch tube driving circuit, so as to solve the problems of overvoltage peak of a switch tube caused by overlong driving wiring and multi-tube parallel dynamic uneven flow caused by inconsistent lengths of PCB wiring in the prior art.
In an embodiment of the invention, a power switch tube driving circuit is provided, which comprises a controller, an isolation driving optocoupler and at least one switch circuit, wherein the controller is connected with the isolation driving optocoupler, the isolation driving optocoupler is connected with the switch circuit through a driving wiring on a PCB (printed circuit board), at least one first additional branch connected with the driving wiring in parallel is further arranged between the isolation driving optocoupler and the switch circuit, and the first additional branch comprises a first capacitor, so that the alternating current impedance of the additional branch is close to zero.
In the embodiment of the invention, the switch circuit comprises a switch tube, the isolation driving optocoupler is connected with the grid electrode of the switch tube through the driving wiring, and the source electrode and the drain electrode of the switch tube are respectively connected with the direct-current power bus and the reference ground wire.
In the embodiment of the invention, the switch circuit comprises a switch tube and a driving resistor, the isolation driving optocoupler is connected with the driving resistor through the driving wiring, the driving resistor is connected with the grid electrode of the switch tube, and the source electrode and the drain electrode of the switch tube are respectively connected with the direct current power bus and the reference ground wire.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the relationship between the capacitance value C1 of the first capacitor and the equivalent inductance L1 of the first additional branch is as follows:wherein w is the angular frequency of the switching tube.
In the embodiment of the invention, the first additional branch is connected with the driving wire and walks, and the length of the first additional branch is consistent with that of the driving wire.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the first additional branch further includes a first resistor connected in series with the first capacitor.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the first additional branch further includes a first diode connected in series with the first capacitor and the first resistor.
In the embodiment of the invention, the power switch tube driving circuit further comprises a second additional branch connected in parallel with the first additional branch, wherein the second additional branch comprises a second capacitor, a second resistor and a second diode which are connected in series, and the directions of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the second diode are opposite.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the power switch tube driving circuit further includes a plurality of switch circuits, the isolation driving optocoupler is connected to the plurality of switch circuits through a plurality of driving wires on the PCB board, each driving wire is correspondingly provided with at least one first additional branch connected in parallel with the first additional branch, and the additional branch includes a first capacitor, so that an ac impedance of the additional branch is close to zero.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the additional branch further includes a first resistor and a first diode connected in series with the first capacitor.
Compared with the prior art, the power switch tube driving circuit has the advantages that the additional branch connected with the driving wiring in parallel is added, the alternating current impedance of the additional branch is close to zero, so that the alternating current voltage generated by the switch instantaneously passes through the additional branch, the conducting speed of the switch tube is improved in a single tube occasion, the overvoltage peak at the two ends of the GS of the switch tube is reduced, the service life of the switch tube is prolonged, the consistency of driving signals of a plurality of switch tubes is improved in a multi-tube parallel occasion, the problem of dynamic non-current sharing of multi-tube parallel connection is effectively restrained, and the risk of damaging the switch tube is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a single tube driven power switch tube driving circuit of the prior art.
Fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a prior art multitube driven power switch tube drive circuit.
Fig. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a single tube driven power switch tube driving circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a single tube driven power switch tube driving circuit according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a single tube driven power switch tube driving circuit according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a single tube driven power switch tube driving circuit according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a multitube-driven power switch tube driving circuit embodying fifth embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a multitube-driven power switch tube driving circuit embodying six embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a multitube-driven power switch tube driving circuit embodying seven of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a multitube-driven power switch tube driving circuit embodying eight of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Implementations of the invention are described in detail below in connection with particular embodiments,
as shown in fig. 3, in a first embodiment of the present invention, a single-tube driving power switch tube driving circuit is provided, which includes a controller, an isolated driving optocoupler, and a switch circuit composed of a driving resistor Rg and a switch tube Q1. The controller is connected with the isolation driving optocoupler, the isolation driving optocoupler is connected with a driving resistor Rg through a driving wiring (equivalent to an inductor L0) on a PCB board, the driving resistor Rg is connected with a grid electrode of the switching tube Q1, and a source electrode and a drain electrode of the switching tube Q1 are respectively connected with a direct current power bus and a reference ground wire. An additional branch (the inductance of the additional branch wiring is equivalent to the inductance L1) connected in parallel with the driving wiring is further arranged between the isolation driving optocoupler and the driving resistor Rg, and the additional branch comprises a capacitor C1.
In the circuit shown in fig. 3, the driving resistor Rg may be omitted and the switching circuit may be composed of only the switching transistor Q1 by providing the driving wiring.
It should be noted that, the calculation formula of the equivalent inductance of the PCB routing is as follows:
wherein l is the length of the PCB wiring, the unit is mm, P is the width of the PCB wiring, the unit is: mm, L is the equivalent inductance of PCB wiring, unit: nH.
As can be seen from the above formula, the length of the PCB wiring of each section is as followsObtaining the equivalent inductance value of the section. The impedance magnitude of the driving wire is z0= |zl0= | jwL 0|=wl0, and the impedance magnitude of the additional branch is z1= |zl1+zc1|= | jwL 1-j/wc1|=wl1-1/wc1. Where w is denoted as the angular frequency of the switching tube (depending on the switching speed). When (when)The impedance Z1 of the additional branch is zero.
The additional branches can be routed in parallel with the drive routing so that the routing length remains consistent and the equivalent inductance is substantially the same. By adjusting the capacitance of the capacitor C1 in series, the impedance Z1 of the additional branch approaches zero, and the impedance of the driving trace will be much larger than the impedance of the additional branch, so that a high-frequency PWM driving signal will mainly flow through the additional branch. Because the impedance of the additional branch is low, the driving signal of the switch is not easy to generate distortion, the rising edge of the driving signal is short, and the switching speed can be increased. Because the capacitor C1 is arranged in the additional branch, the direct current signal cannot pass, and the driving signal of the direct current steady state passes through the driving wiring so as to keep the conducting state of the switching tube Q1.
As shown in fig. 4, in the second embodiment of the present invention, the additional branch is formed by an equivalent inductance L1, a capacitance C1 and a resistance R1 connected in series, and the principle is the same as that of the first embodiment. The resistance of the resistor R1 is generally smaller, and in comparison with the first embodiment, the small resistor R1 is beneficial to increase the stability between the driving trace and the additional branch.
As shown in fig. 5, in the third embodiment of the present invention, on the basis of the second embodiment of the present invention, the number of the additional branches is plural, and the working principle and technical effects thereof are the same as those of the embodiment, and are not described herein.
In the fourth embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, on the basis of the third embodiment, a diode is added to the additional branch, which is more favorable for suppressing the spike voltage caused by the oscillation, and the diode branches with opposite directions are arranged in pairs to simultaneously suppress the overvoltage spike of the turn-off and the turn-on.
As shown in fig. 7, in the multitube-driven power switch tube driving circuit according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, compared with the single tube-driven power switch tube driving circuit according to the first embodiment, the multitube-driven power switch tube driving circuit includes a plurality of switch circuits respectively formed by a driving resistor Rg1 and a switch tube Q1, a driving resistor Rg2 and switch tubes Q2 and … …, a driving resistor Rgn and a switch tube Qn, and the plurality of switch circuits are respectively connected with the isolated driving optocouplers through driving wires (L1-Ln). As in the first embodiment, the drive traces are each connected in parallel with an additional branch, which each includes a capacitor (C1-Cn). The same working principle as in the first embodiment, the additional branch can increase the on or off speed of the switching tube, and reduce the peak voltage at two ends of the switching tube GS. In addition, the impedance of the grid electrode of each switching tube connected with the signal isolation optocoupler is basically the same by setting the impedance of the additional branch circuit, so that the consistency of driving signals of a plurality of switching tubes is improved, and the problem of dynamic current sharing of multiple parallel tubes is effectively solved.
As shown in fig. 8, 9 and 10, circuit diagrams of the multitube driving power switch tube driving circuit provided by the sixth, seventh and eighth embodiments of the present invention are respectively described in the descriptions of the first to fifth embodiments, and the operation principle and technical effects thereof are not repeated here.
In summary, in the power switch tube driving circuit of the invention, an additional branch connected in parallel with the driving wiring is added, and the alternating current impedance of the additional branch is close to zero, so that the alternating current voltage generated at the moment of switching can pass through the additional branch, in a single tube occasion, the switching tube conducting speed is improved, the overvoltage peak at the two ends of GS of the switching tube is reduced, the service life of the switching tube is prolonged, in a multi-tube parallel occasion, the consistency of driving signals of a plurality of switching tubes is improved, the problem of dynamic non-uniform current of multi-tube parallel connection is effectively restrained, and the risk of damaging the switching tube is reduced.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a power switch tube drive circuit, its characterized in that includes a controller, an isolation drive optocoupler and at least a switch circuit, the controller with the isolation drive optocoupler is connected, the isolation drive optocoupler through the drive on the PCB board walk the line with switch circuit is connected, the isolation drive optocoupler with still set up at least one with the first additional branch that drives the line parallelly connected between the switch circuit, first additional branch includes a first electric capacity, thereby makes the alternating current impedance value of first additional branch be close to zero, first additional branch with drive is walked the line and is walked the line, just first additional branch with the drive is walked the line length unanimity, the relation of the electric capacity value C1 of first electric capacity with the equivalent inductance value L1 of first additional branch is as follows:wherein w is the angular frequency of a switching tube in the switching circuit.
2. The power switch tube driving circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the switching circuit comprises a switching tube, the isolation driving optocoupler is connected with a gate of the switching tube through the driving wiring, and a source electrode and a drain electrode of the switching tube are respectively connected with a dc power bus and a reference ground line.
3. The power switch tube driving circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the switching circuit comprises a switching tube and a driving resistor, the isolation driving optocoupler is connected with the driving resistor through the driving wiring, the driving resistor is connected with a gate of the switching tube, and a source electrode and a drain electrode of the switching tube are respectively connected with a direct current power bus and a reference ground wire.
4. A power switching tube driving circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the first additional branch further comprises a first resistor in series with the first capacitor.
5. The power switch tube driving circuit as defined in claim 4 wherein said first additional branch further comprises a first diode in series with said first capacitor and said first resistor.
6. The power switch tube driving circuit as claimed in claim 5, further comprising a second additional branch connected in parallel with the first additional branch, the second additional branch comprising a second capacitor, a second resistor and a second diode connected in series, the second diode and the first diode being opposite in direction.
7. The power switch driving circuit as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a plurality of switch circuits, wherein the isolated driving optocoupler is connected to the plurality of switch circuits through a plurality of driving traces on the PCB, each driving trace is correspondingly provided with at least one first additional branch connected in parallel therewith, and the first additional branch comprises a first capacitor, so that the ac impedance value of the first additional branch is close to zero.
8. The power switch tube driving circuit as claimed in claim 7 wherein said first additional branch further comprises a first resistor and a first diode in series with said first capacitor.
CN201711316224.3A 2017-12-12 2017-12-12 Power switch tube driving circuit Active CN107834824B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201711316224.3A CN107834824B (en) 2017-12-12 2017-12-12 Power switch tube driving circuit

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201711316224.3A CN107834824B (en) 2017-12-12 2017-12-12 Power switch tube driving circuit

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CN107834824B true CN107834824B (en) 2024-02-27

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110224690B (en) * 2019-06-04 2021-05-28 西安交通大学 SiC MOSFET series driving circuit

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0902537A2 (en) * 1997-09-15 1999-03-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Circuit arrangement for limiting excessive voltages in power semiconductors
US6172383B1 (en) * 1997-12-31 2001-01-09 Siliconix Incorporated Power MOSFET having voltage-clamped gate
CN101373964A (en) * 2007-08-21 2009-02-25 艾默生网络能源系统有限公司 Bridge circuit's drive circuit
CN103944549A (en) * 2014-04-03 2014-07-23 南京航空航天大学 High-reliability MOSFET drive circuit
CN104756391A (en) * 2012-11-02 2015-07-01 丹麦科技大学 Self-oscillating resonant power converter
CN207732628U (en) * 2017-12-12 2018-08-14 深圳市禾望电气股份有限公司 A kind of power switch tube drives circuit

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0902537A2 (en) * 1997-09-15 1999-03-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Circuit arrangement for limiting excessive voltages in power semiconductors
US6172383B1 (en) * 1997-12-31 2001-01-09 Siliconix Incorporated Power MOSFET having voltage-clamped gate
CN101373964A (en) * 2007-08-21 2009-02-25 艾默生网络能源系统有限公司 Bridge circuit's drive circuit
CN104756391A (en) * 2012-11-02 2015-07-01 丹麦科技大学 Self-oscillating resonant power converter
CN103944549A (en) * 2014-04-03 2014-07-23 南京航空航天大学 High-reliability MOSFET drive circuit
CN207732628U (en) * 2017-12-12 2018-08-14 深圳市禾望电气股份有限公司 A kind of power switch tube drives circuit

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