CN107825953A - 混合动力系统 - Google Patents

混合动力系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107825953A
CN107825953A CN201711047950.XA CN201711047950A CN107825953A CN 107825953 A CN107825953 A CN 107825953A CN 201711047950 A CN201711047950 A CN 201711047950A CN 107825953 A CN107825953 A CN 107825953A
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motor
combustion engine
internal combustion
vehicle
clutch
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陈於东
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Chery Automobile Co Ltd
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Chery Automobile Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/30—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by chargeable mechanical accumulators, e.g. flywheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种混合动力系统，属于车辆工程技术领域。该混合动力系统包括：内燃机、电池组、电机、传动装置、油泵和变速箱，该传动装置包括第一离合器；该内燃机的曲轴通过该第一离合器与该电机的转子进行连接，该电池组与该电机进行电连接，该电机的转子还分别与该油泵的转子和该变速箱连接。其中，该电池组用于为该电机提供电源，该电机用于在该第一离合器断开时带动该变速箱以驱动车辆行驶，或者在通过该油泵控制该第一离合器接合时带动该内燃机启动，该内燃机用于带动该变速箱以驱动车辆行驶；当所述车辆处于制动状态或者减速状态时，所述电机还用于对所述电池组进行充电。

Description

混合动力系统
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆工程技术领域，特别涉及一种混合动力系统。
背景技术
目前，常规车辆均是采用内燃机提供动力，并通过变速箱调节扭矩后将动力输出到车轮以驱动车辆行驶。这种方式主要是依靠内燃机将化学燃料的化学能转换为机械能，为车辆提供动力，然而，在通过这种方式为车辆提供动力的同时，化学燃料燃烧后会生成除二氧化碳和水之外的一氧化碳、碳氢化合物和氮氧化物等，进而对环境造成污染。同时，由于内燃机不太高的有效效率和变速过程中的能源损失，导致车辆总的能源利用效率不高，造成能源的浪费。尤其是随着汽车的使用量越来越大，不仅加速了对环境的污染，也造成了能源的大量浪费。因此，亟需一种能够将内燃机驱动的动力系统和电机驱动的动力系统进行结合以驱动车辆行驶的混合动力系统。
发明内容
为了减小对环境的污染，以及节省能源，本发明实施例提供了一种混合动力系统。所述技术方案如下：
一方面，提供了一种混合动力系统，所述混合动力系统包括：内燃机、电池组、电机、传动装置、油泵和变速箱，所述传动装置包括第一离合器；
所述内燃机的曲轴通过所述第一离合器与所述电机的转子进行连接，所述电池组与所述电机进行电连接，所述电机的转子还分别与所述油泵的转子和所述变速箱连接；
其中，所述电池组用于为所述电机提供电源，所述电机用于在所述第一离合器断开时带动所述变速箱以驱动车辆行驶，或者在通过所述油泵控制所述第一离合器接合时带动所述内燃机启动，所述内燃机用于带动所述变速箱以驱动车辆行驶；
在至少通过所述内燃机驱动所述车辆行驶的过程中，当所述电池组的剩余电量小于预设电量时，所述电机还用于在所述内燃机的带动下对所述电池组进行充电；或者，当所述车辆处于制动状态或者减速状态时，所述电机还用于对所述电池组进行充电。
可选地，所述混合动力系统还包括起动机，所述传动装置还包括单向离合器；
所述内燃机的曲轴通过所述单向离合器与所述电机的转子连接；在所述电池组与所述电机的连接电路出现故障时，所述起动机用于通过自带的传动装置带动所述内燃机启动，所述内燃机还用于通过所述单向离合器和所述电机的转子带动所述油泵工作。
可选地，所述变速箱包括：行星排、制动器和第二离合器，所述行星排包括太阳轮、行星轮组、外齿圈和行星架；
所述太阳轮与所述电机的转子进行刚连接，所述太阳轮与所述行星轮组进行外啮合连接，所述太阳轮还通过所述第二离合器与所述行星架连接，所述行星架与所述行星轮组进行刚连接，所述外齿圈与所述行星轮组进行内啮合连接，所述外齿圈还通过所述制动器与所述变速箱的箱体进行连接，以通过所述行星排、所述制动器和所述第二离合器的配合控制所述车辆处于前进挡、空挡或倒挡。
可选地，所述行星轮组包括多个第一行星轮和多个第二行星轮；
所述太阳轮与所述多个第一行星轮进行外啮合连接，所述多个第一行星轮与所述多个第二行星轮一一对应进行外啮合连接，所述多个第二行星轮分别与所述外齿圈进行内啮合连接，所述行星架的任一端与对应的第一行星轮和第二行星轮进行刚连接。
可选地，所述变速箱还包括带轮机构、减速装置和差速器；
所述行星架与所述带轮机构的输入端连接，所述带轮机构的输出端通过所述减速装置与所述差速器的外壳连接，以通过所述差速器传输动力驱动所述车辆行驶。
可选地，所述减速装置包括一级主减速器和二级主减速器；
所述一级主减速器与所述二级主减速器进行刚连接，所述一级主减速器中未与所述二级主减速器连接的一端与所述带轮机构的输出端进行刚连接，所述二级主减速器中未与所述一级主减速器连接的一端与所述差速器的壳体连接。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案带来的有益效果是：在本发明实施例中，该混合动力系统包括：内燃机、电池组、电机、传动装置、油泵和变速箱，该传动装置包括第一离合器；该内燃机的曲轴通过该第一离合器与该电机的转子进行连接，该电池组与该电机进行电连接，该电机的转子还分别与该油泵的转子和该变速箱连接。由于电池组与电机进行电连接，电池组可以为电机提供电源，以通过电机带动变速箱驱动车辆行驶，减小对环境的污染；在车辆处于减速状态时，电机还用于对减速时的能量进行回收，对电池组进行充电，避免能量的浪费。在通过油泵控制第一离合器接合时，电机还可以带动内燃机启动，以通过内燃机带动变速箱驱动车辆行驶。在至少通过内燃机驱动车辆行驶的过程中，当电池组的剩余电量小于预设电量时，电机还用于在内燃机的带动下对电池组进行充电。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例提供的第一种混合动力系统的结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例提供的第二种混合动力系统的结构示意图；
图3是本发明实施例提供的第三种混合动力系统的结构示意图；
图4是本发明实施例提供的第四种混合动力系统的结构示意图。
附图标记：
1：内燃机；2：电池组；3：电机；4：传动装置；5：油泵；6：变速箱；7：起动机；
401：第一离合器；402：单向离合器；
601：行星排；6011：太阳轮；6012：行星轮组；6013：外齿圈；6014：行星架；602：制动器；603：第二离合器；604：带轮机构；605：减速装置；606：差速器；6051：第一减速装置；6052：第二减速装置。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
图1是本发明实施例提供的一种混合动力系统的结构示意图。参见图1，该混合动力系统包括：内燃机1、电池组2、电机3、传动装置4、油泵5和变速箱6，传动装置4包括第一离合器401；内燃机1的曲轴通过第一离合器401与电机3的转子进行连接，电池组2与电机3进行电连接，电机3的转子还分别与油泵5的转子和变速箱6连接。
其中，电池组2可以用于为电机3提供电源，电机3可以用于在第一离合器401断开时带动变速箱6以驱动车辆行驶，或者在通过油泵5控制第一离合器401接合时带动内燃机1启动，内燃机1用于带动变速箱6以驱动车辆行驶；在至少通过内燃机1驱动车辆行驶的过程中，当电池组2的剩余电量小于预设电量时，电机3还用于在内燃机1的带动下对电池组2进行充电；或者，当车辆处于制动状态或者减速状态时，电机3还用于对电池组2进行充电。
其中预设电量可以预先进行设置，比如，该预设电量可以为电池组总电量的20％、25％或30％。
在电池组2为电机3提供电源时，车辆可以以纯电动模式驱动车辆行驶，以减少对环境的污染。在纯电动模式下，电机3将电池组2提供的电能转换为机械能带动变速箱6以驱动车辆行驶，此时，第一离合器401可以处于断开状态，也可以处于接合状态，优选地，为了减小电机3的负载，降低电池组2的电量的消耗，第一离合器401处于断开状态。电机3将电池组2提供的电能转换为机械能时，还可以带动油泵5工作，进而通过油泵5控制第一离合器401的接合或断开。其中，电机2可以是内转子电机，也可以是外转子电机；可以是永磁直流电机或直磁直流电机等，本发明实施例对此不做限定。
在车辆以纯电动模式行驶过程中，当电池组2的电量小于预设电量、车辆的行驶速度大于预设速度或者车辆油门踩踏板的踩踏深度大于预设深度时，可以通过油泵5控制第一离合器401接合，此时，电机3可以带动内燃机1启动。在内燃机1启动后可以通过第一离合器401带动电机3转动，从而使车辆处于混合动力模式。其中，预设速度和预设深度均可以预先进行设置，比如，该预设速度可以是50公里/小时或60公里/小时等，该预设深度可以是3厘米或4厘米等，本发明实施例对此不做限定。
对于内燃机1的启动情况，当内燃机1是在电池组2的电量小于预设电量时由电机3带动启动时，在内燃机1启动后电池组2可以停止为电机3提供电能，此时内燃机1带动电机3转动，可以通过电机3为电池组2充电，同时带动变速箱6驱动车辆行驶，在电池组2停止为电机提供电源后，车辆处于内燃机驱动模式。当内燃机1是在车辆的行驶速度大于预设速度时由电机3带动启动时，此时通过电机3提供的动力不足以满足车辆行驶的需求，在内燃机1启动后通过电机3带动变速箱6驱动车辆行驶，此时，电机3可以将内燃机1提供的动力源和电池组2提供的动力源进行耦合之后，通过变速箱6驱动车辆行驶，当电机3在电池组2的带动下转速小于内燃机1带动电机3转动的转速时，电机3还可以为电池组2进行充电。当内燃机1是在该车辆的油门踩踏板的踩踏深度大于预设深度时由电机3带动启动时，电机3可以将内燃机1提供的动力源和电池组2提供的动力源进行耦合之后，通过变速箱6驱动车辆行驶。
在车辆的行驶过程中，当车辆进行制动或减速时，内燃机1停止工作，此时，该车辆通过变速箱6带动电机转动，从而通过电机3对电池组2进行充电，实现对制动能量的回收，以实现部分能量的节约。
在车辆的使用过程，该车辆的电池组2与电机3的连接电路不可避免的会发生故障。因此，为了避免在这种情况下造成车辆无法行驶的现象，参见图2，该混合动力系统还可以包括起动机7，传动装置4还可以包括单向离合器402。内燃机1的曲轴通过单向离合器402与电机3的转子连接；在电池组2与电机3的连接电路出现故障时，起动机7用于通过自带的传动装置带动内燃机1启动，内燃机1还用于通过单向离合器402和电机3的转子带动油泵5工作。其中，在电池组2与电机3之间的连接电路出现故障时，该车辆可以通过自身的仪表进行报警以提示驾驶人员。
在起动机7带动内燃机1启动后，由于油泵5未工作导致第一离合器401处于断开状态，此时，可以控制单向离合器401接合，进而通过单向离合器401带动电机3转动，带动油泵5工作，之后由电机3带动变速箱6驱动车辆行驶。
在车辆以纯电动模式、混合动力模式或内燃机驱动模式下通过带动变速箱6驱动车辆行驶时，为了可以控制车辆处于前进挡、空挡或倒挡，参见图3，变速箱6可以包括：行星排601、制动器602和第二离合器603，行星排601包括太阳轮6011、行星轮组6012、外齿圈6013和行星架6014。太阳轮6011与电机3的转子进行刚连接，太阳轮6011与行星轮组6012进行外啮合连接，太阳轮6011还通过第二离合器603与行星架6014连接，行星架6014与行星轮组6012进行刚连接，外齿圈6013与行星轮组6012进行内啮合连接，外齿圈6013还通过制动器602与变速箱6的箱体进行连接，以通过行星排601、制动器602和第二离合器603的配合控制车辆处于前进挡、空挡或倒挡。
对于车辆的前进挡、空挡或倒挡，当制动器602断开且第二离合器603接合时，太阳轮6011、第二离合器603和行星架6014被锁止为一个整体，此时，电机3带动太阳轮6011、第二离合器603和行星架6014组成的整体正转以控制车辆处于前进挡。当制动器602断开且第二离合器603断开时，电机3带动太阳轮6011和行星轮组6012进行自转没有动力输出，进而控制车辆处于空挡。当制动器602接合且第二离合器603断开时，此时，电机3带动太阳轮6011转动后，由于外齿圈6013通过制动器602与变速箱6的箱体被锁止为一个整体，行星轮组6012在太阳轮6011的带动下在外齿圈6013内部进行反转，以带动行星架6014进行反转，进而控制车辆处于倒挡。
当车辆处于前进挡时，结合上述纯电动模式、混合动力模式和内燃机驱动模式对车辆的状态进行详细描述，对于车辆的纯电动模式，在内燃机1停止，电机3启动、第一离合器401断开、单向离合器402断开、制动器602断开且第二离合器603接合时，车辆处于纯电动模式下的前进状态。对于车辆的混合动力模式，在内燃机1启动，电机3启动、第一离合器401接合、单向离合器402断开、制动器602断开且第二离合器603接合时，车辆处于混合动力模式下的前进状态。对于车辆的内燃机驱动模式，在内燃机1启动，单向离合器402接合、制动器602断开且第二离合器603接合时，车辆处于内燃机驱动模式下的前进状态。
当车辆处于倒挡时，结合上述纯电动模式、混合动力模式和内燃机驱动模式对车辆的状态进行详细描述，对于车辆的纯电动模式，在内燃机1停止，电机3启动、第一离合器401断开、单向离合器402断开、制动器602接合且第二离合器603断开时，车辆处于纯电动模式下的倒车状态。对于车辆的混合动力模式，在内燃机1启动，电机3启动、第一离合器401接合、单向离合器402断开、制动器602接合且第二离合器603断开时，车辆处于混合动力模式下的倒车状态。其中，在车辆处于混合动力模式下的前进状态或倒车状态时，如果电池组2的剩余电量小于预设电量，则可以停止电池组2为电机3提供电能，并通过电机3在内燃机1的带动下为电池组2充电。对于车辆的内燃机驱动模式，在内燃机1启动，单向离合器402接合、制动器602接合且第二离合器603断开时，车辆处于内燃机驱动模式下的倒车状态。
当车辆处于空挡时，如果内燃机1启动，则可以通过内燃机1带动电机3转动，进而通过电机3为电池组2充电。
当车辆处于停车状态时，第一离合器401接合、制动器602断开且第二离合器603断开，此时，可以通过电机3带动内燃机1启动，在电机3的带动下，可以实现车辆的快速启动，避免因车辆燃料温度较低或其他因素，影响车辆的起步性能。
为了通过控制行星排601、制动器602和第二离合器603使车辆处于倒挡，参见图3，行星轮组6012可以包括多个第一行星轮和多个第二行星轮。太阳轮6011与多个第一行星轮进行外啮合连接，多个第一行星轮与多个第二行星轮一一对应进行外啮合连接，多个第二行星轮分别与外齿圈6013进行内啮合连接，行星架6014的任一端与对应的第一行星轮和第二行星轮进行刚连接。
在电机3带动太阳轮6011正转时，由于在车辆处于倒挡时制动器602接合，导致外齿圈6013通过制动器602与变速箱6的箱体锁止为一整体，此时，太阳轮6011带动多个第一行星轮反转，多个第一行星轮分别带动对应的第二行星轮正转，由于外齿圈6013处于锁止状态，多个第二行星轮在外齿圈6013内部反转以实现多个第二行星轮自身的正转。在多个第二行星轮在外齿圈6013内部反转时，实现控制车辆处于倒挡。
在通过变速箱6驱动车辆行驶时，在一种可能的实现方式中，参加图4，变速箱6还可以包括带轮机构604、减速装置605和差速器606。行星架6014与带轮机构604的输入端连接，带轮机构604的输出端通过减速装置605与差速器606的外壳连接，以通过差速器606传输动力驱动车辆行驶。
其中，带轮机构604可以是一套V型带的驱动机构，可以通过输入及输出带轮的压力推动作用，平滑的控制速比的变化，带轮机构604可以是无级式变速器或者有级式变速器。在行星架6014将动力输出至带轮机构604的输入端后，通过带轮机构604调整车辆的速比值，以使电机3的动力输出与车辆的需求相匹配，避免能量的浪费。在车辆有转向的情况下，差速器606可以使左右轮在传递动力的同时存在转速差，从而保持车身的转向稳定性，并减小轮胎等的磨损。
在通过上述驱动方式驱动车辆行驶时，该车辆为前置驱动，当该车辆为后置驱动时，变速箱6还可以包括带轮机构和减速装置，该混合动力系统还包括差速器和驱动桥。该减速装置通过驱动桥与差速器连接，进而通过差速器驱动车辆行驶。
在通过减速装置605增大车辆的车轮扭矩时，参见图4，减速装置605可以包括一级主减速器6051和二级主减速器6052。一级主减速器6051与二级主减速器6052进行刚连接，一级主减速器6051中未与二级主减速器6052连接的一端与带轮机构604的输出端进行刚连接，二级主减速器6052中未与一级主减速器6051连接的一端与差速器606的壳体连接。其中，通过一级主减速器6051和二级主减速器6052相互配合用来实现扭矩的发大，并降低转速，从而使电机3动力输出与车辆需求相匹配。
在本发明实施例中，在车辆处于纯电动模式时，电池组可以为电机提供电源，以通过电机带动变速箱驱动车辆行驶，减小对环境的污染；且在车辆处于减速状态时，电机还用于对减速时的能量进行回收，对电池组进行充电，避免能量的浪费，当车辆在纯电动模式下行驶时，通过行星排、制动器和第二离合器控制实现车辆处于前进挡、空挡或倒挡。在通过油泵控制第一离合器接合时，电机还可以带动内燃机启动，以通过内燃机带动变速箱驱动车辆行驶。在车辆处于混合动力模式或内燃机驱动模式时，通过行星排、制动器和第二离合器控制实现车辆处于前进挡、空挡或倒挡，且当电池组的剩余电量小于预设电量时，电机还可以在内燃机的带动下对电池组进行充电。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过硬件来完成，也可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种混合动力系统，其特征在于，所述混合动力系统包括：内燃机、电池组、电机、传动装置、油泵和变速箱，所述传动装置包括第一离合器；
所述内燃机的曲轴通过所述第一离合器与所述电机的转子进行连接，所述电池组与所述电机进行电连接，所述电机的转子还分别与所述油泵的转子和所述变速箱连接；
其中，所述电池组用于为所述电机提供电源，所述电机用于在所述第一离合器断开时带动所述变速箱以驱动车辆行驶，或者在通过所述油泵控制所述第一离合器接合时带动所述内燃机启动，所述内燃机用于带动所述变速箱以驱动车辆行驶；
在至少通过所述内燃机驱动所述车辆行驶的过程中，当所述电池组的剩余电量小于预设电量时，所述电机还用于在所述内燃机的带动下对所述电池组进行充电；或者，当所述车辆处于制动状态或者减速状态时，所述电机还用于对所述电池组进行充电。
2.如权利要求1所述的混合动力系统，其特征在于，所述混合动力系统还包括起动机，所述传动装置还包括单向离合器；
所述内燃机的曲轴通过所述单向离合器与所述电机的转子连接；在所述电池组与所述电机的连接电路出现故障时，所述起动机用于通过自带的传动装置带动所述内燃机启动，所述内燃机还用于通过所述单向离合器和所述电机的转子带动所述油泵工作。
3.如权利要求2所述的混合动力系统，其特征在于，所述变速箱包括：行星排、制动器和第二离合器，所述行星排包括太阳轮、行星轮组、外齿圈和行星架；
所述太阳轮与所述电机的转子进行刚连接，所述太阳轮与所述行星轮组进行外啮合连接，所述太阳轮还通过所述第二离合器与所述行星架连接，所述行星架与所述行星轮组进行刚连接，所述外齿圈与所述行星轮组进行内啮合连接，所述外齿圈还通过所述制动器与所述变速箱的箱体进行连接，以通过所述行星排、所述制动器和所述第二离合器的配合控制所述车辆处于前进挡、空挡或倒挡。
4.如权利要求3所述的混合动力系统，其特征在于，所述行星轮组包括多个第一行星轮和多个第二行星轮；
所述太阳轮与所述多个第一行星轮进行外啮合连接，所述多个第一行星轮与所述多个第二行星轮一一对应进行外啮合连接，所述多个第二行星轮分别与所述外齿圈进行内啮合连接，所述行星架的任一端与对应的第一行星轮和第二行星轮进行刚连接。
5.如权利要求3所述的混合动力系统，其特征在于，所述变速箱还包括带轮机构、减速装置和差速器；
所述行星架与所述带轮机构的输入端连接，所述带轮机构的输出端通过所述减速装置与所述差速器的外壳连接，以通过所述差速器传输动力驱动所述车辆行驶。
6.如权利要求5所述的混合动力系统，其特征在于，所述减速装置包括一级主减速器和二级主减速器；
所述一级主减速器与所述二级主减速器进行刚连接，所述一级主减速器中未与所述二级主减速器连接的一端与所述带轮机构的输出端进行刚连接，所述二级主减速器中未与所述一级主减速器连接的一端与所述差速器的壳体连接。
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