CN102910060B - 用于电动车的可重新配置的功率分流动力系 - Google Patents

用于电动车的可重新配置的功率分流动力系 Download PDF

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CN102910060B
CN102910060B CN201210270225.XA CN201210270225A CN102910060B CN 102910060 B CN102910060 B CN 102910060B CN 201210270225 A CN201210270225 A CN 201210270225A CN 102910060 B CN102910060 B CN 102910060B
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electromotor
gear
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jackshaft
dynamical system
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CN102910060A (zh
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道格拉斯·R·马丁
邝明朗
沃特·J·奥特曼
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445Differential gearing distribution type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles

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Abstract

一种动力系,包括齿轮组、可连接至发动机用于超速驱动发电机的第二齿轮组、用于可释放地连接发动机和托架的离合器、用于可释放地连接太阳齿轮和发电机的第二离合器以及连接至中间轴的电动机,其中,所述齿轮组包括太阳齿轮、托架、连接至中间轴的齿圈以及支承在托架上并且与太阳齿轮和齿圈相啮合的小齿轮。所述动力系的操作可以很容易地在功率分流模式和串联模式之间切换。

Description

用于电动车的可重新配置的功率分流动力系
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及一种用于电动车的功率分流动力系。
背景技术
混合动力电动车(HEV)的动力系包括发动机、电动机/发电机以及牵引用蓄电池,其中发动机和电动机可以单独驱动车轮,通过作为发电机运转的电动机,发动机可以为牵引用蓄电池充电,并且,可以使用车轮制动器回收和再生车辆的动能,用以驱动发电机和给电池再充电。
在插电式混合动力车(PHEV)的动力系中,牵引用蓄电池的容量显著增加,以便于能够利用来自于电网的电能驱动车辆。因此,期望更多地使用电力驱动。当发动机关闭时,发电机与轮转速的直接连接导致发电机轴在车辆移动时旋转。这导致了若干严重的问题,包括(i)当车辆提速时,发电机转速变得过高,导致了对于轴承、行星齿轮组和发电机的耐久性的担心;(ii)启动发动机所需的有效扭矩降低;(iii)由于没有使用发电机,它产生了不必要的旋转损耗;以及(iv)处于倒车档同时发动机在运转状态时,电动机必须做出反应,从而减少了提供给车轮的扭矩。
发明内容
一种动力系,包括齿轮组,所述齿轮组包括太阳齿轮、托架、连接至中间轴的齿圈以及支承在托架上并且与太阳齿轮和齿圈相啮合的小齿轮,以及可连接至发动机用于超速驱动(overdriving)发电机的第二齿轮组、用于可释放地连接发动机和托架的离合器、用于可释放地连接太阳齿轮和发电机的第二离合器以及连接至中间轴的电动机。
该动力系是可重新配置的,其中,动力系可以轻易地从功率分流模式向串联模式切换,并且可以轻易地从串联模式向功率分流模式切换。
在电量保持模式下,发动机在串联模式或功率分流模式下操作。
该动力系从牵引电动机给车轮提供最大扭矩,优于单模式功率分流动力系。
该动力系为功率分流动力系的高燃料经济性和驾驶性能提供了更好的牵引和车辆启动性能。
优选实施例的适用范围会在随后的具体实施方式、权利要求书和附图中显现。应当理解的是,尽管描述和具体的示例指出了本发明的优选实施例,但其仅出于说明性的目的给出。对于本领域的技术人员来说,对所述实施例和示例的各种变化及修改是显而易见的。
附图说明
参考附图及其以下说明将更容易理解本发明,其中:
图1是HEV动力系的原理图;
图2是示出了控制图1所示动力系的离合器的啮合及解离状态的图表。
图3是HEV动力系的原理图;
图4是示出了控制图3所示动力系的离合器的啮合及解离状态的图表。
图5是HEV动力系的原理图;
图6是示出了控制图5所示动力系的离合器的啮合及解离状态的图表。
图7是HEV动力系的原理图;以及
图8是示出了控制图7所示动力系的离合器的啮合及解离状态的图表。
具体实施方式
首先参考图1,动力系10包括诸如内燃机12的功率源、第一行星齿轮组14、电动机16、副轴传动装置18、差速机构20、发电机22、中间轴24和第二行星齿轮组26,其中,所述内燃机12例如是柴油发动机或汽油发动机,所述中间轴24可驱动地连接至差速机构20、输出小齿轮40和电动机16。电力机械16、22都是电动发电机,尽管通常电力机械16被称为电动机或牵引电动机,而电力机械22被称为发电机。
行星齿轮组14的太阳齿轮27通过离合器28连接至发电机22。行星齿轮组14的托架32通过离合器30穿过扭振阻尼器34和轴36连接至发动机12。齿轮组14的齿圈39通过形成副轴齿轮对40-42的啮合的输出小齿轮40和齿轮42,可驱动地连接至中间轴24。支承在托架32上的行星小齿轮43与齿圈39和太阳齿轮27持续啮合。
电动机16的转子44通过齿轮对46-48连接至中间轴24。
电动机16通过逆变器52和高压直流/直流转换器54电连接至牵引用蓄电池50。相似地,发电机22通过逆变器56和转换器54电连接至电池50。
中间轴24通过差速机构20的小齿轮60及齿圈62进行连接,差速机构通过半轴或驱动轴68、70将功率传输给车轮64、66。
油泵72通过小齿轮74及齿轮76可驱动地连接至轴36和发动机输出。
行星齿轮组26的太阳齿轮80通过离合器82连接至发电机22。行星齿轮组26的托架86通过离合器84穿过扭振阻尼器34和轴36连接至发动机12。齿轮组26的齿圈88因为与壳体90连接,所以固定不旋转。支承在托架86上的行星小齿轮92与齿圈88和太阳齿轮80持续啮合。
当离合器28、30啮合并且离合器82、84解离时,动力系10以功率分流模式操作。发动机12通过离合器30连接至托架32,并且发电机22的转子通过离合器28连接至太阳齿轮27。在功率分流操作中,由发动机12产生的功率,以及如果电池50向发电机提供电能,由发电机26产生的功率,通过齿轮组14和齿轮对40-42传输至中间轴24,并且由电动机16产生的功率通过齿轮对46-48传输至中间轴24。主减速器齿轮对60-62将功率从发动机12、电动机16和发电机22传输至差速机构20,所述差速机构20通过轴68、70将功率差速地传输至车轮64、66。在功率分流操作中,发电机22作为电力发电机操作,发动机12向发电机22提供功率,从而允许为电池50充电。
当离合器28、30解离并且离合器82、84啮合时,动力系10以串联模式操作。发动机12通过离合器84连接至齿轮组26的托架86,相对于发动机12的转速超速驱动太阳齿轮80,并且离合器82将超速驱动的太阳齿轮80连接至发电机22的转子。在串联操作中,由发动机12产生的功率以相对高的速度驱动发电机26,从而为电池50充电,并且由电动机16产生的功率通过齿轮对46-48传输至中间轴24。主减速器齿轮对60-62将电动机16产生的功率传输至差速机构20。
在图3中,删除离合器84,从而通过轴36和扭振阻尼器34直接地、连续地将齿轮组26的托架86连接至发动机12。当离合器28、30啮合并且离合器82解离时,图3所示的动力系94以功率分流模式操作。发动机12通过离合器30连接至托架32,并且发电机22的转子通过离合器28连接至太阳齿轮27。在功率分流操作中,由发动机12和发电机26产生的功率通过齿轮组14和齿轮对40-42传输至中间轴24,并且由电动机16产生的功率通过齿轮对46-48传输至中间轴24。主减速器齿轮对60-62将功率从发动机12、电动机16和发电机22传输至差速机构20。在功率分流操作中,发电机22作为电力发电机操作,发动机12向发电机22提供功率,从而允许为电池50充电。
当离合器28、30解离并且离合器82啮合时,图3所示的动力系94以串联模式操作。发动机12直接与齿轮组26的托架86连接,相对于发动机12的转速超速驱动太阳齿轮80和发电机的转子,并且离合器82将超速驱动的太阳齿轮80连接至发电机22的转子。在串联操作中,由发动机12产生的功率以相对高的速度驱动发电机26,从而为电池50充电,并且由电动机16产生的功率通过齿轮对46-48传输至中间轴24。主减速器齿轮对60-62将电动机16产生的功率传输至差速机构20。
在图5中,出现离合器84,但删除了离合器82,从而直接地、连续地将齿轮组26的太阳齿轮80连接至发电机22的转子。当离合器28、30啮合并且离合器84解离时,图5所示的动力系96以功率分流模式操作。发动机12通过离合器30连接至托架32,并且发电机22的转子通过离合器28连接至太阳齿轮27。在功率分流操作中,由发动机12和发电机26产生的功率通过齿轮组14和齿轮对40-42传输至中间轴24,并且由电动机16产生的功率通过齿轮对46-48传输至中间轴24。主减速器齿轮对60-62将功率从发动机12、电动机16和发电机22传输至差速机构20。在功率分流操作中,发电机22作为电力发电机操作,发动机12向发电机22提供功率,从而允许为电池50充电。
当离合器28、30解离并且离合器84啮合时,图5所示的动力系以串联模式操作。发动机12通过离合器84连接至齿轮组26的托架86,相对于发动机12的转速超速驱动太阳齿轮80,并且将太阳齿轮80直接连接至发电机22的转子。在串联操作中,由发动机12产生的功率以相对高的速度驱动发电机26,从而为电池50充电,并且由电动机16产生的功率通过齿轮对46-48传输至中间轴24。主减速器齿轮对60-62将电动机16产生的功率传输至差速机构20。
图7所示的动力系98包括连接至发电机22的转子的轴102,与小齿轮102啮合的小齿轮100、齿轮104,安装至齿轮104和小齿轮108的第二中间轴106,与小齿轮108啮合的齿轮110,用于打开和关闭轴36和齿轮110之间的驱动连接的离合器112,用于打开和关闭轴36和齿轮组14的托架32之间的驱动连接的离合器116,以及用于打开和关闭轴102和小齿轮110之间的驱动连接的离合器118。
当离合器114、116啮合并且离合器112、118解离时,动力系98以功率分流模式操作。发动机12通过离合器112连接至托架32,并且发电机22的转子通过离合器116连接至太阳齿轮27。在功率分流操作中,由发动机12产生的功率,以及如果电池50向发电机提供电能,由发电机26产生的功率,通过齿轮组14和齿轮对40-42传输至中间轴24,并且由电动机16产生的功率通过齿轮对46-48传输至中间轴24。主减速器齿轮对60-62将功率从发动机12、电动机16和发电机22传输至差速机构20,所述差速机构通过轴68、70将功率差速地传输至车轮64、66。在功率分流操作中,发电机22作为电力发电机操作,发动机12向发电机22提供功率,从而允许为电池50充电。
当离合器112、118啮合并且离合器114、116解离时,动力系10以串联模式操作。发动机12通过离合器112、齿轮110、小齿轮108、中间轴106、齿轮104、小齿轮100和轴102连接至发电机22的转子,相对于发动机12的转速超速驱动所述发电机。在串联操作中,由发动机12产生的功率以相对高的速度驱动发电机26,从而为电池50充电,并且由电动机16产生的功率通过齿轮对46-48传输至中间轴24。主减速器齿轮对60-62将电动机16产生的功率传递至差速机构20。
根据专利法规的规定,已经对优选实施例做出了描述。然而,应当指出的是,除了具体说明和描述的实施方式以外,也可以采用替代的实施例。

Claims (7)

1.一种动力系,其特征在于,包括:
行星齿轮组,其包括连接至发动机的第一输入、连接至发电机的第二输入和连接至第一中间轴的输出;
齿轮组,其用于相对于发动机的转速超速驱动发电机;
第一离合器,其用于可释放地连接第一输入和发动机;
第二离合器,其用于可释放地连接第二输入和发电机;
连接至第一中间轴的电动机;
所述齿轮组包括:
连接至所述发电机的第一小齿轮;
第二中间轴;
与所述第一小齿轮啮合并固定在所述第二中间轴上的第一齿轮;
固定在所述第二中间轴上的第二小齿轮;
连接至发动机并与所述第二小齿轮啮合的第二齿轮。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力系,其特征在于,还包括用于在第一中间轴和车轮之间传输动力的差速器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的动力系,其特征在于,还包括连接电动机和第一中间轴的第一对啮合齿轮。
4.根据权利要求3所述的动力系,其特征在于,还包括连接输出齿轮和第一中间轴的第二对啮合齿轮。
5.根据权利要求4所述的动力系,其特征在于,还包括连接差速器和第一中间轴的第三对啮合齿轮。
6.根据权利要求1所述的动力系,其特征在于,还包括:
电力储存电池;
电连接至所述电池的DC/DC转换器;
电连接至所述电动机和所述转换器的第一逆变器;以及
电连接至所述发电机和所述转换器的第二逆变器。
7.根据权利要求1所述的动力系,其特征在于,还包括:
用于可释放地连接所述发动机和所述第二小齿轮的第三离合器;以及
用于可释放地连接所述发电机和所述第一小齿轮的第四离合器。
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