CN107824783B - Copper-iron-based powder metallurgy friction material for braking high-speed train and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Copper-iron-based powder metallurgy friction material for braking high-speed train and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN107824783B
CN107824783B CN201711101720.7A CN201711101720A CN107824783B CN 107824783 B CN107824783 B CN 107824783B CN 201711101720 A CN201711101720 A CN 201711101720A CN 107824783 B CN107824783 B CN 107824783B
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powder
copper
iron
friction material
graphite
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CN107824783A (en
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张东卿
刘犇
刘占军
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Kexing Realway New Materials (Yangzhou) Co.,Ltd.
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Shanxi Institute of Coal Chemistry of CAS
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/10Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
    • B22F1/105Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing inorganic lubricating or binding agents, e.g. metal salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C30/00Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C22C30/02Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C32/00Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C32/00Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0084Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ carbon or graphite as the main non-metallic constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/20Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C9/00Alloys based on copper
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02Compositions of linings; Methods of manufacturing
    • F16D69/027Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The copper-iron-based powder metallurgy friction material for braking the high-speed train comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 35-65wt% of copper powder, 15-45wt% of iron powder, 6-17wt% of graphite powder, 2-5wt% of molybdenum disulfide, 2-6 wt% of ferrotungsten powder, 1-8wt% of zirconium oxide powder, 0-2 wt% of aluminum oxide powder, 0-1wt% of silicon oxide powder and 0.5-6wt% of chromium powder. The invention can meet the braking requirement of high-speed trains with the speed per hour of 300-350 km and above in the aspects of performance indexes such as hardness, abrasion loss, shear strength, friction coefficient and the like, and has the advantages of stable braking, small abrasion loss, small damage to coupling discs and the like.

Description

Copper-iron-based powder metallurgy friction material for braking high-speed train and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of brake pads of high-speed trains and powder metallurgy, and particularly relates to a copper-iron-based powder metallurgy friction material for braking of a high-speed train and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous improvement of the transportation speed of the high-speed railway, the brake system is used as the final guarantee of safe operation, the requirements on the brake system are higher and higher, the brake pad is used as the most key and most core material and component of the brake system, and the product performance and the braking effect of the brake pad are required to be improved gradually. The element content and specific performance of the powder metallurgy brake pad friction material for the high-speed train are listed in the certification standard (TB/T3470-2016) of the medium-iron railway product certification center (CRCC), and the following main requirements are as follows: the content of Si element is not more than 1%, the total content of Al and Si elements is not more than 1%, and the sum of the content of Cr, Zr and W elements is not more than 10%; the abrasion loss should not exceed 0.35 cm3/MJ, the hardness is 10-30HB, the shear strength of the friction body is more than 6MPa, and the static friction coefficient is more than 0.32.
However, most of the high-speed rail brake pad patents applied in China cannot meet the requirements of CRCC (China railway control center) certification standards in terms of material element content, and have the problems that the specified element content exceeds the specified range, or some key indexes such as hardness and abrasion loss cannot meet the requirements.
A patent (CN 101280374) powder metallurgy brake pad material for high-speed motor train unit and its preparation method, in the formulation, 1-3% of silicon carbide, 1-4% of alumina, 2-8% of ferrosilicon powder; the patent (CN 102011043A) discloses a preparation method of a powder metallurgy material for a train brake pad, wherein the formula comprises 2-7% of silicon oxide, 2-8% of aluminum oxide and 2-8% of ferrosilicon powder; in the patent (CN 101493127A), the copper-based powder metallurgy high-speed brake pad comprises 3-8% of silicon oxide and 2-6% of aluminum oxide in the formula; the patent (CN 103244586) is used for a metal-based powder metallurgy brake pad of a high-speed train and a preparation method thereof, and in the formula, 1-3% of corundum powder and 1-3% of silica sand are used. In the patent (CN 1995436A), a copper-based particle reinforced friction material comprises 2-15% of silicon oxide, 2-15% of aluminum oxide and 1-15% of aluminum. The total content of silicon and aluminum elements in the above patents is far greater than the upper limit of 1% in the specification, which cannot meet the requirements of the certification standard, and is easy to cause damage to the dual brake disc and attenuation of the friction performance at high speed. And the hardness of the patent (CN 102011043A) is 53-58HB, which exceeds the specified hardness range of 10-30 HB; the patent (CN 1995436A) abrasion loss of 0.41-0.65 cm3/MJ exceeds the upper limit of 0.35 cm3/MJ in the regulation.
A friction material of a powder metallurgy brake pad of a patent (CN 105506346A) and a preparation method thereof, wherein, the ferrochrome powder in the formula is 25-35 percent; in the patent (CN 106399743A), the ultra-simple component powder metallurgy friction material for the brake pad of the high-speed train comprises 6-15% of ferrochrome powder and 1-10% of zirconia in a formula, wherein the total content of elements containing chromium and zirconium in the two patents is more than the upper limit of 10% in a specification, and the damage to a brake dual disc is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a copper-iron-based powder metallurgy friction material for braking a high-speed train, which is stable in braking, small in abrasion loss and small in damage to a coupling disc, and a preparation method thereof.
The invention relates to a copper-iron-based powder metallurgy friction material for braking a high-speed train, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 35-65wt% of copper powder and 15-45wt% of iron powder, wherein the sum of the weight of the copper powder and the weight of the iron powder accounts for 64.5-80wt% of the copper-iron-based powder metallurgy friction material; 6-17wt% of graphite powder and 2-5wt% of molybdenum disulfide, wherein the sum of the weights of the graphite powder and the molybdenum disulfide accounts for 8-22 wt% of the copper-iron-based powder metallurgy friction material; 2-6 wt% of ferrotungsten alloy powder and 1-8wt% of zirconia powder, wherein the sum of the ferrotungsten alloy powder and the zirconia powder accounts for 5-11wt% of the copper-iron-based powder metallurgy friction material; 0-2 wt% of alumina powder and 0-1wt% of silica powder, wherein the sum of the weight of the alumina powder and the weight of the silica powder accounts for 0.5-2wt% of the copper-iron-based powder metallurgy friction material; 0.5-6wt% of chromium powder.
In the scheme of the invention, the base component comprises copper powder and iron powder, wherein the copper powder is electrolytic copper powder or atomized copper powder, the iron powder is atomized iron powder or reduced iron powder, and the particle size of the base component powder is less than 250 mu.
In the scheme of the invention, the lubricating components are graphite powder and molybdenum disulfide powder, wherein the graphite is natural crystalline flake graphite, and the particle size of the lubricating component powder is less than 150 mu.
In the scheme of the invention, the friction component is mainly tungsten-iron alloy powder and zirconium oxide powder and is assisted by a small amount of ceramic powder of silicon and aluminum, wherein the tungsten content in the tungsten-iron alloy is 70-80 wt%, and the aluminum oxide is alpha-Al2O3The particle size of the friction component powder is less than 200 mu.
In the scheme of the invention, the powder particle size of the matrix reinforcing component chromium powder is less than 100 mu.
In the scheme of the invention, the traditional powder metallurgy preparation process is adopted, and the preparation process specifically comprises material mixing, press forming and pressure sintering, wherein the mixing time is 0.5-24 hours, the forming pressure is 500-900 MPa, the sintering temperature is 800-1050 ℃, the sintering time is 1-4 hours, and the sintering pressure is 0.5-3 MPa.
In the scheme of the invention, the mixing equipment can be a V-shaped mixer, a three-dimensional mixer or a high-speed mixer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention can meet the requirements of various specified element contents and can meet the authentication requirements in the aspects of performance indexes such as hardness, abrasion loss, shear strength, friction coefficient and the like; compared with most copper-based powder metallurgy high-iron brake pad materials, the copper-based powder metallurgy material taking copper and iron as the matrix has the advantages of high thermal conductivity of the copper-based material and high temperature resistance of the iron-based material. The brake pad has various performances reaching the braking requirement of a high-speed train with the speed per hour of 300-350 km and above, and meets various index regulations in the certification standard of (CRCC).
2. The invention does not contain zinc, lead and other metals harmful to the environment in the formula, the metal matrix is composed of copper and iron, the total content of silicon and aluminum elements is not more than 1 percent, the total content of chromium, zirconium and tungsten is less than 10 percent, the invention completely accords with the CRCC regulation, and has the advantages of stable braking, small abrasion loss, small damage to a dual disk and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the coefficient of friction of the friction material of example 1.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the coefficient of friction of the friction material of example 2.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the coefficient of friction of the friction material of example 3.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the coefficient of friction of the friction material of example 4.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the coefficient of friction of the friction material of example 5.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by weight: atomized copper powder 35 wt% (D)97245 mu) and 45wt% (D) of reduced iron powder 97200 mu), 2wt% ferrotungsten powder (tungsten content 70wt%, D)97180 mu), 3 wt% (D) of zirconia powder97195 mu) and 6wt% (D) of flake graphite powder97130 mu), molybdenum disulfide powder 2wt% (D)97100 mu), chromium powder 6wt% (D)9790 mu) and 1wt% (D) of silica powder 97100 μ); and mixing the powder in a V-shaped mixer for 24 hours, molding at 500 MPa to obtain a biscuit, fixing the biscuit on a steel back, putting the biscuit into a bell jar type sintering furnace, and sintering at 1050 ℃ and 0.5MPa for 1 hour to obtain the friction material for high-speed rail braking. The hardness of the material prepared by the process is 25HB, the compressive strength is 160 MPa, the shear strength is 25 MPa, the static friction coefficient is 0.42, the abrasion loss is 0.16cm3/MJ, and the friction coefficient curve is shown in figure 1.
Example 2
The raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by weight: electrolytic copper powder 37 wt% (D)97200 mu), atomized iron powder 27.5 wt% (D)97150 mu), ferro-tungsten powder 3 wt% (tungsten containingAmount 80wt%, D97190 mu), zirconia powder 8wt% (D)97110 mu), flake graphite powder 17wt% (D)97120 mu), molybdenum disulfide powder 5wt% (D)9750 mu) and 0.5 wt% of chromium powder (D)9730 mu), 2wt% (alpha-Al) of alumina powder2O3,D97150 μ); and mixing the powder in a three-dimensional mixer for 6 hours, molding at 900 MPa to obtain a biscuit, fixing the biscuit on a steel back, putting the biscuit into a bell jar type sintering furnace, and sintering at 800 ℃ and 3MPa for 4 hours to obtain the friction material for high-speed rail braking. The hardness of the material prepared by the process is 12HB, the compressive strength is 90 MPa, the shear strength is 15MPa, the static friction coefficient is 0.33, the abrasion loss is 0.08cm3/MJ, and the friction coefficient curve is shown in FIG. 2.
Example 3
The raw material composition ratio is 65wt% of electrolytic copper powder (D)97100 mu), reduced iron powder 15 wt% (D)97240 mu), ferrotungsten powder 6wt% (tungsten content 72wt%, D 97100 mu), zirconia powder 1wt% (D)97180 mu) and 9 wt% (D) of flake graphite powder9780 mu), molybdenum disulfide powder 2.5 wt% (D)9760 mu) and 1wt% of chromium powder (D)9770 mu), 0.5 wt% of alumina powder (alpha-Al)2O3,D97120 μ); mixing the powder in a high-speed mixer for 0.5 hour, forming at 600MPA to obtain a biscuit, fixing the biscuit on a steel back, placing in a bell jar type sintering furnace, and sintering at 920 ℃ and 2MPa for 3 hours to obtain the friction material for high-speed rail braking. The hardness of the material prepared by the process is 18HB, the compressive strength is 120MPa, the shear strength is 20MPa, the static friction coefficient is 0.36, the abrasion loss is 0.12cm3/MJ, and the friction coefficient curve is shown in FIG. 3.
Example 4
The raw material composition ratio is that atomized copper powder is 40 wt% (D)97200 mu), atomized iron powder 30 wt% (D)97200 mu), 4 wt% ferrotungsten powder (tungsten content 76wt%, D)9790 mu), 5wt% (D) of zirconia powder97190 mu), flake graphite powder 10 wt% (D)9780 mu), molybdenum disulfide powder 4 wt% (D)97140 mu) and 5.5 wt% of chromium powder (D)97Is 80 mu), 1wt% of alumina powder (alpha-Al)2O3,D97180 mu) and 0.5 wt% (D) of silica powder 9750 μ); and mixing the powder in a V-shaped mixer for 15 hours, forming at 750MPA to obtain a biscuit, fixing the biscuit on a steel back, putting the biscuit into a bell jar type sintering furnace, and sintering at 1000 ℃ and 1MPa for 2 hours to obtain the friction material for high-speed rail braking. The hardness of the material prepared by the process is 22HB, the compressive strength is 135MPa, the shear strength is 18MPa, the static friction coefficient is 0.38, the abrasion loss is 0.15cm3/MJ, and the friction coefficient curve is shown in FIG. 4.
Example 5
The raw material composition ratio is that electrolytic copper powder is 55 wt% (D)97100 mu), atomized iron powder 15 wt% (D)97200 mu), ferro-tungsten powder 3 wt% (tungsten content 78wt%, D97120 mu), zirconia powder 6wt% (D)97160 mu), flake graphite powder 14 wt% (D)9750 mu), molybdenum disulfide powder 2wt% (D)97130 mu), 3 wt% (D) of chromium powder 9750 mu), 1wt% alumina powder (alpha-Al)2O3,D97190 mu), 1wt% (D) of silica powder 97150 μ); mixing the powder in a three-dimensional mixer for 10 hours, molding at 850MPA to obtain a biscuit, fixing the biscuit on a steel back, putting the biscuit into a bell jar type sintering furnace, and sintering at 860 ℃ and 3.5MPa for 2.5 hours to obtain the friction material for high-speed rail braking. The hardness of the material prepared by the process is 15HB, the compressive strength is 110MPa, the shear strength is 22MPa, the static friction coefficient is 0.35, the abrasion loss is 0.10cm3/MJ, and the friction coefficient curve is shown in FIG. 5.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and all persons skilled in the art should be able to cover the protection scope of the present invention by equivalent replacement or change according to the spirit and concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (1)

1. The copper-iron-based powder metallurgy friction material for braking the high-speed train is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 35-65wt% of copper powder and 20-45wt% of iron powder, wherein the sum of the weight of the copper powder and the weight of the iron powder accounts for 64.5-80wt% of the copper-iron-based powder metallurgy friction material; 6-17wt% of graphite powder and 2-5wt% of molybdenum disulfide, wherein the sum of the weights of the graphite powder and the molybdenum disulfide accounts for 8-22 wt% of the copper-iron-based powder metallurgy friction material; 2-6 wt% of ferrotungsten alloy powder and 1-8wt% of zirconia powder, wherein the sum of the ferrotungsten alloy powder and the zirconia powder accounts for 5-11wt% of the copper-iron-based powder metallurgy friction material; 0-2 wt% of alumina powder and 0-1wt% of silica powder, wherein the sum of the weight of the alumina powder and the weight of the silica powder accounts for 0.5-2wt% of the copper-iron-based powder metallurgy friction material; 0.5-6wt% of chromium powder;
the base component is copper powder and iron powder, wherein the copper powder is electrolytic copper powder or atomized copper powder, the iron powder is atomized iron powder or reduced iron powder, and the particle size of the base component powder is less than 250 mu m;
the lubricating component is graphite powder and molybdenum disulfide powder, wherein the graphite is natural crystalline flake graphite, and the particle size of the lubricating component powder is less than 150 mu m;
the friction component is mainly composed of ferrotungsten powder and zirconia powder, and is assisted by a small amount of ceramic powder of silicon and aluminum, wherein the ferrotungsten content in the ferrotungsten alloy is 70-80 wt%, and the alumina is alpha-Al2O3The particle size of the friction component powder is less than 200 mu m;
the powder particle size of the matrix reinforcing component chromium powder is less than 100 mu m;
the powder metallurgy preparation process comprises material mixing, press molding and pressure sintering, wherein the mixing time is 0.5-24 hours, the molding pressure is 500-900 MPa, the sintering temperature is 800-1050 ℃, the sintering time is 1-4 hours, and the sintering pressure is 0.5-3 MPa;
the mixing equipment is a V-shaped mixer, a three-dimensional mixer or a high-speed mixer.
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CN110387212A (en) * 2018-04-20 2019-10-29 西安交通大学 Friction material composition and with its preparation bullet train brake pad and application
CN109139755B (en) * 2018-07-18 2020-03-31 滁州欧瑞斯机车部件有限公司 Preparation method of iron-copper-based composite friction material
CN108907177A (en) * 2018-07-19 2018-11-30 江阴市恒鼎特钢制品有限公司 Copper based powder metallurgy friction material for high-speed train braking
CN109266896B (en) * 2018-11-07 2020-01-14 北京天仁道和新材料有限公司 Gradient friction body for braking of high-speed train and preparation method thereof
CN109469697B (en) * 2018-12-05 2021-03-19 北京科技大学 Fiber reinforced copper-based brake pad for high-speed train and preparation and friction braking performance thereof
CN110056588B (en) * 2019-03-27 2021-06-29 山东金麒麟股份有限公司 Friction material, powder metallurgy brake pad and method for preparing friction block
CN110643848A (en) * 2019-10-14 2020-01-03 武汉万邦激光金刚石工具股份有限公司 Brake pad material and preparation method and application thereof
CN111041269B (en) * 2019-12-03 2021-05-11 武汉万邦激光金刚石工具股份有限公司 Method for preparing brake pad material of high-speed train
CN112264624A (en) * 2020-09-29 2021-01-26 上海理工大学 Powder metallurgy brake pad with low tungsten content and preparation method thereof
CN112981171B (en) * 2021-03-16 2022-06-17 郑州轻工业大学 Copper-based powder metallurgy friction material containing mixed graphite and preparation method
CN113308285A (en) * 2021-04-21 2021-08-27 中车工业研究院有限公司 Wheel rail tackifying material and preparation method and use method thereof
CN113234954A (en) * 2021-04-30 2021-08-10 中铁隆昌铁路器材有限公司 Copper-based powder metallurgy friction material and preparation method thereof
CN113564406A (en) * 2021-06-23 2021-10-29 中铁隆昌铁路器材有限公司 High-melting-point alloy reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy friction material and preparation method thereof
CN115126808A (en) * 2022-03-31 2022-09-30 北京科技大学 Copper-based powder metallurgy friction material suitable for high-speed braking and preparation method thereof

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