CN107814637A - A kind of high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107814637A CN107814637A CN201711295728.1A CN201711295728A CN107814637A CN 107814637 A CN107814637 A CN 107814637A CN 201711295728 A CN201711295728 A CN 201711295728A CN 107814637 A CN107814637 A CN 107814637A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D5/00—Fertilisers containing magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/45—Form not covered by groups C05G5/10 - C05G5/18, C05G5/20 - C05G5/27, C05G5/30 - C05G5/38 or C05G5/40, e.g. soluble or permeable packaging
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof, include the raw material of following parts by weight:100 parts of PPG;15~30 parts of polyisocyanates;5~15 parts of propane diols;Vulcanize 5~10 parts of rubber;2~10 parts of foaming agent;3~6 parts of stabilizer;2~8 parts of pore-creating agent;5~25 parts of graphene oxide;3~15 parts of filler;By being foamed using foaming furnace, soda-dip through hole, vacuum impregnation graphene and oxygenation filler obtain high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix;The present invention adds propane diols, vulcanization rubber and pore-creating agent, optimize intensity, hydrophily and the percent opening of polyurethane foam cultivation matrix, pass through graphene oxide and the dipping of nanoscale oxygenation filler, make its uniformly, be dispersed stably in the space structure of foam, lift matrix hydrophily and moisture-holding capacity, and the oxygen needed for plant root and heat are discharged, the present invention has the advantages of hydrophilic power is strong, percent opening is high, aperture is big and promotes plant growth.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant cultivation media technical field, and in particular to a kind of high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix and
Its preparation method.
Background technology
Soilless culture is the emerging science and technology to grow up on the basis of mineral nutrition of plant research, is not had to
Natural soil, completely with chemical solution (nutrient solution) cultivated plant, including the training of water planting, mist (gas) and substrate culture.With saving,
Water-saving, many advantages, such as fertile, affected by environment small, plant growth is fast, high yield, high-quality, pest and disease damage lack is saved, be the reason of the future of agriculture
Think pattern.And it is most widely substrate culture that soilless culture, which is used, matrix is that water, gas, the fertilizer of stable coordination can be provided for crop
The somatomedin of structure, enables the nutrient from nutrient solution, moisture transfer, and root system of plant therefrom selects to absorb.At present, no soil
The conventional host material of cultivation mainly have the inorganic material such as rock wool, grit, mineral wool, vermiculite, perlite and treated sawdust,
The organic materials such as turf, rice husk.Hydrophily polyurethane foam, it is in traditional polyurethane foam, hydrophilic radical is introduced, to carry
The water sucking and water-retaining function of high foam.Due in the synthesis of polyurethane foam, foam can be controlled by adjusting formula rate
Water absorption, the control foam solid, proportion of composing of gas and water in use, to meet the requirement of Different Crop root growth, because
This, base material of the hydrophilic absorbent polyurethane foam as soilless culture, is made up of its in light weight, base material and can be wanted according to Different Crop
Ask and be adjusted and can be made into the advantages of variously-shaped grade is unique.
Polyurethane foam is widely used as soilless culture substrate, but still presence has damaged, porosity is low, and water conservation is inhaled
Water multiplying power deficiency, it is unsuitable long-term use of the problems such as, it is impossible to properly settle water needed for plant growth, the relation between gas, restrict
The popularization and application in soilless culture substrate field of polyurethane foam products.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix and its preparation side
Method, there is the advantages of hydrophilic power is strong, percent opening is high, aperture is big and promotes plant growth.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme:A kind of high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix, bag
Include the raw material of following parts by weight:100 parts of PPG;15~30 parts of polyisocyanates;5~15 parts of propane diols;Vulcanize rubber
5~10 parts of glue;2~10 parts of foaming agent;3~6 parts of stabilizer;2~8 parts of pore-creating agent;5~25 parts of graphene oxide;Filler 3~15
Part.
Preferably, the vulcanization rubber is polysulfide rubber, butadiene-styrene rubber, nitrile rubber, EPM or ternary second
Third rubber.
Preferably, the foaming agent is pentane, n-hexane, dichlorotetra-fluoroethane, Arcton 11 or trichlorine difluoro second
Alkane.
Preferably, the stabilizer is polysiloxanes, organotin, antimony organic, rare earth or Organic fluoride.
Preferably, the pore-creating agent is azodicarbonamide, azodiisobutyronitrile or ABVN.
Preferably, the filler is calper calcium peroxide (CaO2), sodium peroxide (Na2O2), peromag (MgO2), peroxidating
Zinc (ZnO2), SODIUM PERCARBONATE (Na2CO3H2O2), coated sodium peracrbonate (2Na2CO33H2O2), potassium peroxide (K2O2), peroxidating urine
Element [CO (NH2)2H2O2] or sodium perborate (NaBO3)。
Present invention also offers the preparation method of above-mentioned high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix, comprise the following steps:
1) take PPG, sequentially add propane diols, vulcanization rubber, foaming agent, stabilizer, pore-creating agent and polyisocyanates,
Stirred after mixing, be put into microwave foaming furnace and foamed, obtain polyurethane foam;
2) polyurethane foam after foaming is immersed in the sodium hydroxide solution that concentration is 10%~20%, in the solution extruding bubble
Foam, air is excluded, after impregnating 1~3h, foam taken out, extruding removes contained alkali lye, then successively in acetum and
Cleaned in clear water;
3) graphene oxide and filler are dispersed in water, disperseed under Ultrasonic Conditions, after immersing cleaning after being uniformly dispersed
Polyurethane foam, 2~5h of vacuum impregnation, is cleaned in clear water afterwards, is put into baking oven and is dried, and high-strength three-dimensional solid hole is made
Cultivation matrix.
Preferably, the vacuum-impregnated vacuum is 3000Pa.
Preferably, the ultrasonic frequency is 20KHZ, power 550W.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
The invention provides a kind of high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof, propane diols in the cultivation matrix,
Vulcanize rubber and pore-creating agent, optimize intensity, hydrophily and the percent opening of polyurethane foam cultivation matrix, by graphene oxide and
The dipping of nanoscale oxygenation filler, make its uniformly, be dispersed stably in the space structure of foam, lift matrix hydrophily and guarantor
Water, filler slowly discharge oxygen, heat and the nutriment needed for plant root using peroxide, in a word, present invention tool
There is the advantages of hydrophilic power is strong, percent opening is high, aperture is big and promotes plant growth.
Foam density >=5.3kg/m3% of the high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix prepared using the present invention, tear are strong
Degree >=32N/m, water absorption >=160g/g, porosity of=83%.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described embodiment is only this
Invention part of the embodiment, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art exist
The all other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
The present embodiment take 100g PPGs, sequentially add 5g propane diols, 10g vulcanization rubber, 2g foaming agents, 4g stabilizers,
2g pore-creating agents and 15g polyisocyanates, stir after mixing, are put into microwave foaming furnace 100 DEG C and carry out foaming 5min, obtain
Polyurethane foam;Polyurethane foam after foaming is immersed in the sodium hydroxide solution that concentration is 10%, in the solution extruding bubble
Foam, air is excluded, after impregnating 1h, foam taken out, extruding removes contained alkali lye, then successively in acetum and clear water
Middle cleaning;10g graphene oxides and 5g fillers are dispersed in water, are 20KHZ in ultrasonic frequency, under the conditions of power is 550W
Polyurethane foam that is scattered, being immersed after being uniformly dispersed after cleaning, vacuum is to impregnate 2h under 3000Pa, clear in clear water afterwards
Wash, be put into 80 DEG C of baking oven and dry, high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix is made.
It is polysulfide rubber to vulcanize rubber in the present embodiment.
Foaming agent is pentane in the present embodiment.
Stabilizer is polysiloxanes in the present embodiment.
Pore-creating agent is azodicarbonamide in the present embodiment.
Filler is calper calcium peroxide (CaO in the present embodiment2)。
The foam density 6.2kg/m3% of high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix, tearing strength made from the present embodiment
37N/m, water absorption 162g/g, porosity 83%.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment takes 100g PPGs, sequentially adds 7g propane diols, 9g vulcanizations rubber, 4g foaming agents, 4g stabilizers, 6g
Pore-creating agent and 20g polyisocyanates, stir after mixing, are put into microwave foaming furnace 100 DEG C and carry out foaming 5min, are gathered
Urethane foam;Polyurethane foam after foaming is immersed in the sodium hydroxide solution that concentration is 10%, in the solution crushed foam,
Air is excluded, after impregnating 3h, foam taken out, extruding removes contained alkali lye, then successively in acetum and clear water
Cleaning;20g graphene oxides and 10g fillers are dispersed in water, are 20KHZ in ultrasonic frequency, under the conditions of power is 550W
Polyurethane foam that is scattered, being immersed after being uniformly dispersed after cleaning, vacuum is to impregnate 3h under 3000Pa, clear in clear water afterwards
Wash, be put into 80 DEG C of baking oven and dry, high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix is made.
It is butadiene-styrene rubber to vulcanize rubber in the present embodiment.
Foaming agent is n-hexane in the present embodiment.
Stabilizer is organotin in the present embodiment.
Pore-creating agent is azodiisobutyronitrile in the present embodiment.
Filler is sodium peroxide (Na in the present embodiment2O2)。
The foam density 5.9kg/m3% of high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix, tearing strength made from the present embodiment
35N/m, water absorption 165g/g, porosity 89%.
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment takes 100g PPGs, sequentially adds 9g propane diols, 8g vulcanizations rubber, 6g foaming agents, 6g stabilizers, 4g
Pore-creating agent and 30g polyisocyanates, stir after mixing, are put into microwave foaming furnace 100 DEG C and carry out foaming 5min, are gathered
Urethane foam;Polyurethane foam after foaming is immersed in the sodium hydroxide solution that concentration is 15%, in the solution crushed foam,
Air is excluded, after impregnating 1h, foam taken out, extruding removes contained alkali lye, then successively in acetum and clear water
Cleaning;5g graphene oxides and 10g fillers are dispersed in water, are 20KHZ in ultrasonic frequency, power divides under the conditions of being 550W
Dissipating, the polyurethane foam immersed after being uniformly dispersed after cleaning, vacuum is to impregnate 5h under 3000Pa, is cleaned afterwards in clear water,
It is put into 80 DEG C of baking oven and dries, high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix is made.
It is nitrile rubber to vulcanize rubber in the present embodiment.
Foaming agent is dichlorotetra-fluoroethane in the present embodiment.
Stabilizer is antimony organic in the present embodiment.
Pore-creating agent is ABVN in the present embodiment.
Filler is peromag (MgO in the present embodiment2)。
The foam density 5.8kg/m3% of high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix, tearing strength made from the present embodiment
35N/m, water absorption 160g/g, porosity 90%.
Embodiment 4:
The present embodiment take 100g PPGs, sequentially add 11g propane diols, 7g vulcanization rubber, 6g foaming agents, 3g stabilizers,
8g pore-creating agents and 15g polyisocyanates, stir after mixing, are put into microwave foaming furnace 100 DEG C and carry out foaming 5min, obtain
Polyurethane foam;Polyurethane foam after foaming is immersed in the sodium hydroxide solution that concentration is 15%, in the solution extruding bubble
Foam, air is excluded, after impregnating 2h, foam taken out, extruding removes contained alkali lye, then successively in acetum and clear water
Middle cleaning;25g graphene oxides and 8g fillers are dispersed in water, are 20KHZ in ultrasonic frequency, under the conditions of power is 550W
Polyurethane foam that is scattered, being immersed after being uniformly dispersed after cleaning, vacuum is to impregnate 4h under 3000Pa, clear in clear water afterwards
Wash, be put into 80 DEG C of baking oven and dry, high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix is made.
It is EPM to vulcanize rubber in the present embodiment.
Foaming agent is Arcton 11 in the present embodiment.
Stabilizer is rare earth in the present embodiment.
Pore-creating agent is azodicarbonamide in the present embodiment.
Filler is zinc peroxide (ZnO in the present embodiment2)。
The foam density 5.3kg/m3% of high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix, tearing strength made from the present embodiment
33N/m, water absorption 167g/g, porosity 93%.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment take 100g PPGs, sequentially add 13g propane diols, 6g vulcanization rubber, 8g foaming agents, 5g stabilizers,
6g pore-creating agents and 25g polyisocyanates, stir after mixing, are put into microwave foaming furnace 100 DEG C and carry out foaming 5min, obtain
Polyurethane foam;Polyurethane foam after foaming is immersed in the sodium hydroxide solution that concentration is 20%, in the solution extruding bubble
Foam, air is excluded, after impregnating 2h, foam taken out, extruding removes contained alkali lye, then successively in acetum and clear water
Middle cleaning;10g graphene oxides and 15g fillers are dispersed in water, are 20KHZ in ultrasonic frequency, power is 550W conditions
Lower scattered, the polyurethane foam immersed after being uniformly dispersed after cleaning, vacuum is to impregnate 2h under 3000Pa, clear in clear water afterwards
Wash, be put into 80 DEG C of baking oven and dry, high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix is made.
It is ethylene propylene diene rubber to vulcanize rubber in the present embodiment.
Foaming agent is difluorotrichloroethane in the present embodiment.
Stabilizer is Organic fluoride in the present embodiment.
Pore-creating agent is azodiisobutyronitrile in the present embodiment.
Filler is potassium peroxide (K in the present embodiment2O2)。
The foam density 5.3kg/m3% of high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix, tearing strength made from the present embodiment
33N/m, water absorption 162g/g, porosity 94%.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment take 100g PPGs, sequentially add 15g propane diols, 5g vulcanization rubber, 10g foaming agents, 5g stabilizers,
5g pore-creating agents and 30g polyisocyanates, stir after mixing, are put into microwave foaming furnace 100 DEG C and carry out foaming 5min, obtain
Polyurethane foam;Polyurethane foam after foaming is immersed in the sodium hydroxide solution that concentration is 20%, in the solution extruding bubble
Foam, air is excluded, after impregnating 2h, foam taken out, extruding removes contained alkali lye, then successively in acetum and clear water
Middle cleaning;15g graphene oxides and 12g fillers are dispersed in water, are 20KHZ in ultrasonic frequency, power is 550W conditions
Lower scattered, the polyurethane foam immersed after being uniformly dispersed after cleaning, vacuum is to impregnate 5h under 3000Pa, clear in clear water afterwards
Wash, be put into 80 DEG C of baking oven and dry, high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix is made.
It is polysulfide rubber to vulcanize rubber in the present embodiment.
Foaming agent is dichlorotetra-fluoroethane in the present embodiment.
Stabilizer is Organic fluoride in the present embodiment.
Pore-creating agent is ABVN in the present embodiment.
Filler is sodium perborate (NaBO in the present embodiment3)。
The foam density 5.5kg/m3% of high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix, tearing strength made from the present embodiment
32N/m, water absorption 163g/g, porosity 92%.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of changes, modification can be carried out to these embodiments, replace without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix, it is characterised in that include the raw material of following parts by weight:Polyether polyols
100 parts of alcohol;15~30 parts of polyisocyanates;5~15 parts of propane diols;Vulcanize 5~10 parts of rubber;2~10 parts of foaming agent;Stabilizer
3~6 parts;2~8 parts of pore-creating agent;5~25 parts of graphene oxide;3~15 parts of filler.
2. a kind of high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the vulcanization rubber is
Polysulfide rubber, butadiene-styrene rubber, nitrile rubber, EPM or ethylene propylene diene rubber.
3. a kind of high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the foaming agent is just
Pentane, n-hexane, dichlorotetra-fluoroethane, Arcton 11 or difluorotrichloroethane.
4. a kind of high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the stabilizer is poly-
Siloxanes, organotin, antimony organic, rare earth or Organic fluoride.
5. a kind of high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the pore-creating agent is even
Nitrogen diformamide, azodiisobutyronitrile or ABVN.
6. a kind of high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the filler is peroxide
Change calcium (CaO2), sodium peroxide (Na2O2), peromag (MgO2), zinc peroxide (ZnO2), SODIUM PERCARBONATE (Na2CO3H2O2), bag
Film SODIUM PERCARBONATE (2Na2CO33H2O2), potassium peroxide (K2O2), carbamide peroxide [CO (NH2)2H2O2] or sodium perborate
(NaBO3)。
A kind of 7. preparation method of high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that including
Following steps:
Take PPG, sequentially add propane diols, vulcanization rubber, foaming agent, stabilizer, pore-creating agent and polyisocyanates, mix
Stirred after conjunction, be put into microwave foaming furnace and foamed, obtain polyurethane foam;
Polyurethane foam after foaming is immersed in the sodium hydroxide solution that concentration is 10%~20%, in the solution crushed foam,
Air is excluded, after impregnating 1~3h, foam taken out, extruding removes contained alkali lye, then successively in acetum and clear water
Middle cleaning;
Graphene oxide and filler are dispersed in water, disperseed under Ultrasonic Conditions, is immersed after being uniformly dispersed poly- after cleaning
Urethane foam, 2~5h of vacuum impregnation, is cleaned in clear water afterwards, is put into baking oven and is dried, and high-strength three-dimensional solid hole is made and plants
Train matrix.
8. a kind of preparation method of high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that described
Vacuum-impregnated vacuum is 3000Pa.
9. a kind of preparation method of high-strength three-dimensional solid hole cultivation matrix as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that described
Ultrasonic frequency is 20KHZ, power 550W.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112450036A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-03-09 | 福建农林大学 | Light composite material for integral culture medium for three-dimensional greening and manufacturing method thereof |
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CN106171098A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-12-07 | 北京林业大学 | The method of the improvement of a kind of soil and improvement soil |
CN106750122A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 陕西高新实业有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of soilless culture substrate hydrophilic polyurethane foam |
CN107321306A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-11-07 | 佛山市高科合创科技有限公司 | The preparation method of three dimension high efficiency graphene sorbing material by template of sponge |
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CN105075675A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2015-11-25 | 雷色香 | Oxygenation method for edible fungus cultivation |
CN106171098A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-12-07 | 北京林业大学 | The method of the improvement of a kind of soil and improvement soil |
CN106046287A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-10-26 | 杭州吉华高分子材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of graphene modified waterborne polyurethane |
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CN112450036A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-03-09 | 福建农林大学 | Light composite material for integral culture medium for three-dimensional greening and manufacturing method thereof |
CN112450036B (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2024-01-30 | 福建农林大学 | Light composite material for three-dimensional greening integral culture medium and manufacturing method thereof |
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