CN1078126C - 制造可挤出制品的方法和设备 - Google Patents

制造可挤出制品的方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1078126C
CN1078126C CN97193582A CN97193582A CN1078126C CN 1078126 C CN1078126 C CN 1078126C CN 97193582 A CN97193582 A CN 97193582A CN 97193582 A CN97193582 A CN 97193582A CN 1078126 C CN1078126 C CN 1078126C
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
rotor
stator
extruder
extruded
sleeve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN97193582A
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English (en)
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CN1215364A (zh
Inventor
卡里·基里亚瓦伊宁
于里·耶尔文屈莱
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mindset Holding SA
Original Assignee
Nextrom Holding SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FI961539A external-priority patent/FI106004B/fi
Priority claimed from FI961822A external-priority patent/FI106005B/fi
Priority claimed from PCT/FI1996/000359 external-priority patent/WO1997001429A2/en
Application filed by Nextrom Holding SA filed Critical Nextrom Holding SA
Publication of CN1215364A publication Critical patent/CN1215364A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN1078126C publication Critical patent/CN1078126C/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/12—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement
    • F16L9/121—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement with three layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/20—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of indefinite length
    • B29C44/22—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of indefinite length consisting of at least two parts of chemically or physically different materials, e.g. having different densities
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/1703—Introducing an auxiliary fluid into the mould
    • B29C45/1704—Introducing an auxiliary fluid into the mould the fluid being introduced into the interior of the injected material which is still in a molten state, e.g. for producing hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/46—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould
    • B29C45/53—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould using injection ram or piston
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/06—Rod-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
    • B29C48/151—Coating hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
    • B29C48/151—Coating hollow articles
    • B29C48/152—Coating hollow articles the inner surfaces thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
    • B29C48/33—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles with parts rotatable relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
    • B29C48/335—Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles
    • B29C48/336—Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles the components merging one by one down streams in the die
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
    • B29C48/335—Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles
    • B29C48/336—Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles the components merging one by one down streams in the die
    • B29C48/3366—Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles the components merging one by one down streams in the die using a die with concentric parts, e.g. rings, cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/465—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/465—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using rollers
    • B29C48/467—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using rollers using single rollers, e.g. provided with protrusions, closely surrounded by a housing with movement of the material in the axial direction
    • B29C48/468—Cavity transfer mixing devices, i.e. a roller and surrounding barrel both provided with cavities; Barrels and rollers therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/695—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates
    • B29C48/70—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows
    • B29C48/705—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows in the die zone, e.g. to create flow homogeneity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/76—Venting, drying means; Degassing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
    • B29C48/83—Heating or cooling the cylinders
    • B29C48/832—Heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
    • B29C48/83—Heating or cooling the cylinders
    • B29C48/834—Cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/90—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
    • B29C48/901—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article of hollow bodies
    • B29C48/903—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article of hollow bodies externally
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/20—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor of articles having inserts or reinforcements ; Handling of inserts or reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C55/22—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of tubes
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/12—Articles with an irregular circumference when viewed in cross-section, e.g. window profiles
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制造可挤出制品的方法和设备，及挤出制品。根据本发明的挤出机包括至少两个环形进料间隙(4)，在环形进料间隙(4)之间有一个定子(3)，在最外面的进料间隙(4)的外部有一个转子(1)。在定子(3)的内部至少有一个可转动转子(2)。于是待挤出制品可无需单独的取向单元而得到径向取向。通过，比如，定子(3)提供连续纤维(20)可以制备强度很高的径向取向且包含径向连续纤维(20)作为增强材料的制品。

Description

制造可挤出制品的方法和设备
本发明涉及一种用于制造可挤出制品的方法，其中待挤压物料在挤出机中沿着至少两个环形进料间隙受到加压，环形进料间隙在径向方向上一个在另一个中间并且位于转子和定子中间，待挤压物料由挤出机通过转动转子加压。
本发明还涉及制造可挤出塑料制品的装置、该装置包括至少两个环形进料间隙，环形进料间隙在径向方向上一个在另一个中间并且位于定子和可转动的转子中间，待挤压物料由挤出机通过转动转子加压。
本发明还涉及至少在外表面上在径向方向上取向的挤出制品。
美国专利US 3,314,108公开了一种挤出机，其中一个可转动的转子设置在机壳内，还有一个固定的芯棒安装在该转子内，而在转子和机壳之间以及转子和芯棒之间分别形成进料间隙，通过转动所设置的带有螺槽的转子从挤出机外部经由进料间隙提供待挤压物料。在此种挤出机中很难控制待挤压物料的温度，因为那只能或是通过外机壳或是通过内芯棒进行。如果待挤出制品设置为圆周取向的，则与该挤出机以及其他一般挤出机必须使用设在喷嘴之后的单独的取向工具。例如在WO95/24304中公开了这种类型的设备。添加这种单独的取向工具自然使得这种装置更复杂并难于使用。而且，例如在挤出薄膜时，必须使用某些其他类似的困难的转动设备来补偿厚度的变化。
DE 1961078公开了一种挤出机，在其中在机壳内的轴承上固定安装了一个可转动的转子，而且在转子内放置了一个圆锥形定子，当转子转动时，在转子和定子之间沿着待挤出挤压物料通过转子槽压出该装置喷嘴的方向上有一个圆锥形进料空隙。在这种情况下，控制待挤压物料的温度是非常困难的，因为只有对处在进料空隙内的部分能够调节温度。而且，转子的冷却也是很大的问题，因为转子是嵌装在机壳内。而且，挤出机需要在喷嘴之后放置一个单独的工具用来取向或补偿厚度的变化。挤出机的结构既笨重又难用。
本发明的目的在于提供一种可避免上述问题的挤出方法和装置。另一目的是提供一种性能良好的挤出制品。
根据本发明的方法，其特征在于定子位于进料间隙之间并使在最外面的进料间隙的外部有一个转子，而在定子的内部至少有一个转子。
根据本发明的装置，其特征在于定子位于进料间隙之间并使在最外面的进料间隙的外部有一个转子，而在定子的内部至少有一个转子。
此外，根据本发明的制品，其特征在于该制品在其物料中包括轴向连续纤维。
本发明的基本思路是挤出机的构成包括两个进料间隙，其间有一个定子，并且在最外面的进料间隙的外部有一个可转动的转子。在定子的内部至少有一个可转动的转子。另外，最佳实施例的一个思路是连续纤维通过定子提供。另一个最佳实施例的思路是连续纤维也可通过可转动的转子或套筒提供。另外，连续纤维可通过将对之提供有连续纤维的待挤出制品进行拉伸而得到拉伸。
本发明的优点在于无需单独的取向单元就可以为待挤出制品提供径向取向。其另一优点是比如在利用本装置制备薄膜时薄膜的厚度的变化可以轻而易举地得到补偿。另外，很容易将加热和冷却设备设置在定子之内，这样，在温度控制设备位于待挤出制品的不同层之间时，待挤压物料的温度可以很容易得到有效控制，而这一点在采用传统的挤出机时实际上无法做到。采用本发明的挤出机同样可以很容易处理粉末或颗粒形状的塑料而无须改变本装置的结构。此外，在采用本装置提供连续纤维时可以制备很高强度的制品，此种制品的构成包括径向取向区和作为增强材料的轴向连续纤维。
下面结合附图对本发明做更详细的描述，其中
图1概要地示出根据本发明的一种装置的横截面侧视图；
图2概要地示出根据本发明的另一种装置的横截面侧视图；
图3概要地示出根据本发明的第三种装置的横截面侧视图；
图4概要地示出根据本发明的第三种装置的横截面侧视图。
图1中示出的挤出机，其构成包括外转子1，一个内转子2，和其间的一个定子3。定子3是圆锥形的，并且外转子1的表面和内转子2的表面至少在定子3一侧是圆锥形的，在内转子1和定子3之间有一个环形的圆锥形的进料空隙4，而在内转子2和定子3之间在上述进料间隙4内在径向方向上形成一个相应的圆锥形的进料间隙4。安装有转动装置5用来转动外转子1和内转子2。转动装置5包括马达及比如齿轮或齿轮系统。马达可以是比如液压马达或电动马达或某种已知的适合此用途的其他马达。如果转动装置5由齿轮系统构成，转子1和2的转速可以借助此齿轮系统任意调节。另一方面，比如在采用电动马达时，就不需要齿轮，因为转子1和2的转速可以很容易地通过已知方式调节马达的转速而得到调节。对每个转子可以有一个或几个转动装置5。也可以设置一个共用的转动装置5或一对装置来转动外转子1和内转子2两者，而且每个转子都由一个共用的齿轮转动，从而使转子1和2自然地对向转动。如果每个转子都具有自己的执行器，则转子的转动方向自然就可以选择为同向或对向。在定子3的朝向转子1和2的各面上设置有螺槽6，于是当转子1和2转动时，待挤压物料由于螺槽的作用而被压出挤出机。例如内转子2也可包含螺槽，在附图中以虚线表示，所以具有高分子量的物料也可以有效地被压出挤出机。
此挤出机还包括一个第一供料管7，通过该管子待挤压物料可以在定子3和外转子1之间进料。送入第一供料管7的物料由进料装置9送入。进料装置9比如可以是进料螺杆，泵或其他某种已知装置。利用进料装置可以调节送入供料管的物料流量。另外，挤出机包括一个第二供料管8，通过该管子待挤压物料可以在定子3和外转子2之间进料。与此相应，送入第二供料管8的物料由进料装置10送入。第一供料管7和第二供料管8可以很容易装入定子3之内。所进行的实验业已证明，当周长很长时，很难为挤出机提供大功率。然而，通过定子3可以很容易将数个供料装置装设在根据本发明的装置中。物料于是可以由周长上的数个点供料，并且，如果需要的话，不同的物料可由不同的进料装置供料。并且也很容易和有效地从挤出机的外面临时加热挤出机，比如使用气焰。气体加热很精确并且迅速，并且可以很容易用于根据本发明的装置中，因为外转子1的转动使对转子进行的气体加热可以很均匀。
外转子1和内转子2利用轴承11装设在定子3上。轴承11的安装应限制转子1和2在挤出机轴向的两个方向上的移动。轴承11可以是比如锥形轴承。特别是由于外转子1是借助轴承固定在定子3上，就不需要在外转子1的外面采用复杂而沉重的支持结构，此种结构，比如，会阻碍外转子1的冷却。
定子3可包括加热装置12，比如电阻器，以便使待挤压物料可以通过定子3主要从物料的中部加热，从而使加热效率高。与此相应，也可在定子的内部设置冷却装置13，以便使冷却可以迅速高效地进行，即可以有效地控制挤出机的温度。比如，在挤压某些敏感物料时控制温度很重要，此时可以借助冷却装置13在螺杆的开始区段保持低温。此类物料包括，比如，含有吸收的交联过氧化物的高分子量聚乙烯，因为不准备使之在挤出机内部发生反应。可以在轴向方向依次设置数个冷却装置，从而使挤出机包括数个在轴向方向上依次设置的单独的冷却区段。在所进行的实验中挤出机的生产能力可通过加强对挤出机供料区段的冷却而得到提高。
采用图1的装置时，通过转动外转子1和内转子2可以很容易地使待挤出制品的内外表面在径向方向取向。制品的物料也可以包含人造纤维，从而使径向取向更为有效。转子1和2也很容易设置成为非周期转动的，以便在比如生产薄膜时可以达到更小的公差，因为可以避免厚度变化的累积。
定子3可包括穿过它的孔道14，于是某些待挤压物料可通过孔道14从定子3的一侧流到其另一侧。利用此孔道可平衡可能在定子不同侧之间出现的压力差，因而也可使待挤压物料更有效地混合。
图2概要地示出根据本发明的另一种装置的横截面侧视图。图2中的标号对应于图1中标号。为清楚起见，图2，以及之后的图3和图4，未示出加热和冷却装置、进料装置、供料通道或转子的轴承配置。定子3在内转子2一侧的的表面是圆柱形，并且与此相应内转子2整个为圆柱形。定子3的外表面和外转子1也可以是圆柱形，但是定子和转子之间的进料间隙最好是圆锥形，以便使由螺槽6所形成的螺线可以设置在较圆锥形挤出机中为短的距离上。位于定子3和内转子2之间的进料间隙4的螺槽6设置在内转子2的内部。将螺槽6设置在转子2的外部较之设置在定子内部要容易得多。在所进行的实验中还发现，在转子至少在其一个区段上也包含螺槽6时挤出机的生产能力最佳。
图3概要地示出根据本发明的第三种装置的横截面侧视图。图3中的标号对应于图1和图2中的标号。为了清楚起见，图3和4未示出在转子和/或定子中设置的螺槽。在内转子2的内部有一个固定的内芯15，结果待挤压物料也可以沿着位于内转子2和内芯15之间的进料间隙供料而提供一个三层的挤出制品16。制品16比如可以是管材、薄膜电缆包皮或其他类似的制品。制品16的外层16a沿着位于外转子1和定子3之间的进料间隙4进行加压，中层16b沿着位于内转子2和定子3之间的进料间隙4进行加压，而内层16c则相应地沿着位于内转子2和内芯15之间的进料间隙4进行加压。定子3的端部包括一个延伸部分3a，用来提供由泡沫中间层16b缓慢填充的中空的空间。
图4是概要地根据本发明的另第四种装置的横截面侧视图。图4中的标号对应于图1至图3中的标号。在内转子2内部有一个套筒17。套筒17可以是固定的，也可以是可以利用转动装置5转动的。图4的挤出机安排为将待包覆的制品19进行包覆。待包覆的制品19比如可以是电缆或管材。挤出机还包括供料装置18，利用此装置，比如，可以在套筒17和待包覆制品19之间送入新的塑料层或保护气体，或者通过抽气在上述空间形成负压。套筒17是设置有轴向开口用于纤维20的连续供料，比如可通过此套筒17送入用于光缆的光纤。如果套筒17是固定的，连续纤维20经轴向送往待包覆制品19。如果套筒17是由转动装置5转动的，连续纤维20可卷绕在待包覆制品19上。如果愿意，套筒17的转动方向可以变化，从而使连续纤维20的卷绕方向可以改变。连续纤维20也可安排为通过定子3供料，见图4中的虚线所示。在这种情况下，连续纤维20保留在待挤压的团块中。连续纤维20也可以是适于用作增强材料的某种纤维。物料中可能提供的连续纤维20或人造纤维或两者都可以是导电的，至少是部分导电或，比如，在其表面上是导电的。这样一来，制品就可以带有一个导电网络，比如，当纤维在某些点接触时。这一导电网络可以用来提供与本申请人的专利申请PCT/FI96/00359中所描述的类似的效果，此处援引之作为参考。中层16b可以使用，比如，废塑料或泡沫塑料或其他类似材料制作。内层16c可以是，比如，粘胶层，借助此粘胶层可使外层粘附在待包覆的制品19之上。
挤出机还包括一个牵引装置21，利用该装置可将制品拉伸并因而使制品得到伸长和轴向取向。比如，提供此制品可将连续纤维20拉伸0～600％。最终的拉伸可以调整，比如借助调节由供料装置18所产生的负压可以做到作用在纤维上的张力和负压的比率就可决定包覆物落到待包覆的制品的表面上的哪个位置。通过由供料装置18在待包覆的制品19和套筒17之间送入，比如，保护性气体就可以为，比如，电缆提供基本上不会与电缆贴附的高强度包皮。制品的拉伸也很重要，因为某些似纤维状的聚合物增强材料受热时会失掉其作用，除非它们受到张力作用。
在外转子1的外部很容易固定，比如，提供准备用来包覆螺旋外部铠装的电缆卷筒。如果愿意，铠装的卷绕方向也可以不时地变化。
附图及相关说明仅为说明本发明思路之用。本发明的细节可在权利要求的范围内改变。

Claims (19)

1.一种用于制备挤出制品的方法，其中待挤压物料在挤出机中沿着至少两个环形进料间隙(4)受到加压，环形进料间隙(4)在径向方向上一个在另一个中间并且位于转子(1，2)和定子(3)中间，待挤压物料由挤出机通过转动转子(1，2)压出，并且定子(3)位于进料间隙(4)之间并使在最外面的进料间隙(4)的外部有一个转子(1)，而在定子(3)的内部至少有一个转子(2)，其特征在于，至少部分待挤压物料通过定子(3)向进料间隙(4)供料。
2.根据权利要求1的一种方法，其特征在于，连续纤维(20)通过定子(3)提供。
3.根据权利要求1或2的一种方法，其特征在于，在内转子(2)的内部有一个套筒(17)，连续纤维(20)通过套筒(17)提供。
4.根据权利要求3中的方法，其特征在于，套筒(17)转动。
5.根据权利要求2或4的一种方法，其特征在于，通过牵引挤出制品(16)而使连续纤维(20)得到拉伸。
6.根据前面的权利要求1、2或4的一种方法，其特征在于，挤出机主要是从其内部进行加热的。
7.根据前面的权利要求1、2或4的一种方法，其特征在于，挤出机受到在轴向方向依次设置并互相分开的一个或数个冷却区段冷却。
8.一种用于制备挤出制品的装置，该装置包括至少两个环形进料间隙(4)，环形进料间隙(4)在径向方向上一个在另一个中间并且位于定子(3)和可转动的转子(1，2)中间，待挤压物料由挤出机通过转动转子压出，并包括供料管(7，8)，待挤压物料通过它向进料间隙(4)供料，并且定子(3)位于进料间隙(4)之间并使在最外面的进料间隙(4)的外部有一个转子(1)，而在定子(3)的内部至少有一个转子(2)，其特征在于，至少一个供料管(7，8)被安排得通过定子(3)供应待挤压物料给进料间隙(4)。
9.根据权利要求8的一种装置，其特征在于，外转子(1)安排成为形成挤出机的外表面。
10.根据权利要求9的一种装置，其特征在于，外转子(1)基本上只安装在定子(3)上的轴承中。
11.根据权利要求8至10中的任何一项的一种装置，其特征在于，所设置的用于在转子(1，2)转动时提供物料的螺槽(6)设置在转子(1，2)和/或位于进料间隙(4)之内的定子(3)中。
12.根据权利要求8至10中的任何一项的一种装置，其特征在于，至少一个转子(1，2)包括螺槽(6)，螺槽(6)至少设置在其一个区段上，用于将待挤压物料压出挤出机。
13.根据权利要求8至10中的任何一项的一种装置，其特征在于，至少一个进料间隙(4)包括螺槽(6)，螺槽(6)既设置在转子(1，2)中，又设置在定子(3)中，用于将有高分子重量的物料压出挤出机。
14.根据权利要求8至10中的任何一项的一种装置，其特征在于，至少外进料间隙(4)是圆锥形的。
15.根据权利要求14的一种装置，其特征在于，所有的进料间隙(4)都是圆锥形的。
16.根据权利要求8至10和15中的任何一项的一种装置，其特征在于，挤出机包括用于通过定子(3)提供连续纤维(20)的装置。
17.根据权利要求8至10和15中的任何一项的一种装置，其特征在于，挤出机包括一个位于内转子(2)内部的套筒(17)以及与该套筒相联系的用于通过套筒(17)提供连续纤维(20)的装置。
18.根据权利要求17的一种装置，其特征在于，挤出机包括用于转动套筒(17)的装置(5)。
19.根据权利要求16的一种装置，其特征在于，此设备包括一个牵引装置(21)用于拉伸制品(16)并从而拉伸连续纤维(20)。
CN97193582A 1996-04-04 1997-04-04 制造可挤出制品的方法和设备 Expired - Fee Related CN1078126C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI961539A FI106004B (fi) 1996-04-04 1996-04-04 Suulakepuristusmenetelmä ja suulakepuristin
FI961822 1996-04-29
FI961822A FI106005B (fi) 1995-12-12 1996-04-29 Menetelmä homogeenisen materiaalin tuottamiseksi suulakepuristimella ja suulakepuristin
PCT/FI1996/000359 WO1997001429A2 (en) 1995-06-26 1996-06-20 An extrusion apparatus and method, a tubular product, and a pipe
WOPCT/FI96/0359 1996-06-20
WOPCT/FI96/0 1996-06-20
FI964989 1996-12-12
FI964989A FI105391B (fi) 1996-04-04 1996-12-12 Menetelmä ja laite suulakepuristettavan tuotteen tekemiseksi
FI961539 1996-12-12

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FI111058B (fi) * 2000-03-21 2003-05-30 Conenor Oy Laite materiaalin puristamiseksi
US20030185925A1 (en) * 2002-03-29 2003-10-02 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Cool-dissolving apparatus and heat-dissolving apparatus for producing polymer solution and products thereof
FR2904256B1 (fr) * 2006-07-27 2008-11-21 Michelin Soc Tech Dispositif de gainage de cable a filiere mobile
FR3029445B1 (fr) * 2014-12-09 2017-09-29 Fibroline France Installation d'impregnation d'un support poreux comprenant des electrodes revetues optimisees
EP3052847B1 (en) * 2014-12-18 2018-02-14 Fitt Spa Extensible flexible hose, and method and production line for continuously manufacturing thereof
CN112549346B (zh) * 2020-10-21 2022-02-01 青岛科技大学 一种用于密炼机的变间隙转子

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CN1215364A (zh) 1999-04-28
EP1015222A1 (en) 2000-07-05
CA2250424A1 (en) 1997-10-16
AU2295697A (en) 1997-10-29
FI964989A (fi) 1997-10-05
FI964989A0 (fi) 1996-12-12
FI105391B (fi) 2000-08-15
RU2192351C2 (ru) 2002-11-10
US6274071B1 (en) 2001-08-14
WO1997037829A1 (en) 1997-10-16
JP2000508253A (ja) 2000-07-04

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