CN107812118A - 从淡叶竹中提取竹叶黄酮物质 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及从淡叶竹中提取竹叶黄酮物质,主要是按下面的步骤进行:一、收割新鲜的淡叶竹叶,干燥叶片水分;二、粉碎成竹叶粉,将竹叶粉放进圆柱形玻璃缸中,竹叶粉应占玻璃缸体积1/2以下;三、向玻璃缸中加入85℃~90℃的酒精,一边加入酒精,一边搅拌,使竹叶粉与酒精混合均匀,直至混合液面达到玻璃缸高度的2/3,成为混合液浆;四、将混合液浆加盖、静置萃取4小时~5小时,每隔1小时搅拌一次,随后用滤布加压过滤,去渣,取滤汁,再过滤、离心澄清,取得上层澄清液;五、将澄清液放进蒸馏塔,蒸馏温度60℃~65℃,挥发完酒精,收集塔底的黄色粉状物,同时塔顶冷却回收酒精。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种植物淡叶竹的提取物质,特别涉及提取竹叶黄酮物质的方法,属于医药技术领域。
背景技术
淡竹叶,中药名。为禾本科淡竹叶属多年生草本植物。其须根中部膨大为纺锤形肉质块根,黄白色;叶披针形,宽2-75px,叶脉平行,有明显小横脉,叶面无毛或有刺毛,边缘有短刚毛;圆锥花序顶生,小穗近于无柄,排列稍偏穗轴一侧,整个脱落;颖果椭圆形。淡竹叶主要生于山坡林下阴湿处,分布于长江以南各省区。淡竹叶有清热除烦、利尿的功效,主要用于治疗胸中疾热、咳逆上气、吐血、热毒风、止消渴、压丹石毒、消痰、治热狂烦闷、中风失音不语、痛头风、止惊悸、瘟疫迷闷、杀小虫、除热缓脾等症。
多年生草本,高40-100厘米。有短缩而稍木质化的根茎,须根中部常膨大为纺锤形的块根。茎丛生,细长直立,中空,表面有微细的纵纹,基部木质化。花期7-9月。果期10月。多生于山坡林下及阴湿处。
淡竹叶(拉丁学名:Lophatherum gracile)为禾本科,淡竹叶属多年生草本植物,根状茎。须根中部可膨大为纺缍形肉质块根,黄白色。叶披针形,圆锥花序;颖果椭圆形。生于山坡林下阴湿处。分布于长江以南各省区。
根药用,有清凉,解热、利尿及催产之效;主治:胸中疾热、咳逆上气、吐血、热毒风、止消渴、压丹石毒、消痰、治热狂烦闷、中风失音不语、痛头风、止惊悸、瘟疫迷闷、杀小虫、除热缓脾。又可作牧草。
多年生草本 ,具木质根头。须根中部膨大呈纺锤形小块根。秆直立,疏丛生,高40-80厘米,具5~6节。叶鞘平滑或外侧边缘具纤毛;叶舌质硬,长0.5~1毫米,褐色,背有糙毛;叶片披针形,长6~20厘米,宽1.5~2.5厘米,具横脉,有时被柔毛或疣基小刺毛,基部收窄成柄状。
圆锥花序长12~25厘米,分枝斜升或开展,长5~10厘米;小穗线状披针形,长7~12毫米,宽1.5~2毫米,具极短柄;颖顶端钝,具5脉,边缘膜质,第一颖长3~4.5毫米,第二颖长4.5-5毫米;第一外秤长5~6.5毫米,宽约3毫米,具7脉,顶端具尖头,内稃较短,其后具长约3毫米的小穗轴;不育外稃向上渐狭小,互相密集包卷,顶端具长约1.5毫米的短芒;雄蕊2枚。
颖果长椭圆形。花果期6~10月。染色体x=24(Cheng,Hsu 1962。
生于山坡、林地或林缘、道旁蔽荫处。淡竹叶耐贫瘠,喜温暖湿润,耐阴亦稍耐阳,在阳光过强的环境中,则生长不良,常表现为植株低矮、分蘖力降低、叶色发干偏黄等,观赏价值降低。其栽培用土以肥沃、透水性好的黄壤土、菜园土为宜。地植可选择通风好、无直射光的林中树下等遮阴处。盆栽可置于室内或阳光直射不到的阳台等处摆放。淡竹叶生长旺盛、分蘖力强,地植除药用等特殊需要外。
淡竹叶多为野生,少见栽培。人工繁殖籽播、分株皆可。籽播可于秋季果成熟时进行采集,以肥沃疏松的壤土或田园土作苗床,随采随播即可分株可在3月至5月份于野外采集挖取,进行分栽培育。分栽时要尽量保证每苗均具有较多的根系,剪去根部3厘米至5厘米以上的全部枝叶,以田园土栽种。盆栽观赏不宜分株,应选择根系发达、萌蘖旺盛的植株。栽时要使根部向四面舒展,栽后遮阴,保持土壤湿润,一般18天左右即可重新萌发。
发明内容
竹叶中含有大量的黄酮类化合物和生物活性多糖及其它有效成分,如酚酸类化合物、蒽醌类化合物、萜类内酯、特种氨基酸和活性肤、锰、锌、硒等微量元素。竹叶中所含的功能因子主要是黄酮糖苷和香豆素类内酯。其有效成的含量和生物活性均与银杏叶具有可比性。竹叶提取物具有优良的抗自由基、抗氧化、抗衰老、降血脂和血胆固醇的作用。
从淡叶竹中提取竹叶黄酮物质是按下面的步骤进行:一、收割新鲜的淡叶竹叶,清洗干净,离心、晾晒干燥叶片水分;二、将干燥淡叶竹用粉碎机粉碎成竹叶粉,将竹叶粉放进圆柱形玻璃缸中,竹叶粉应占玻璃缸体积1/2以下;三、向玻璃缸中加入85℃~90℃的酒精,一边加入酒精,一边搅拌,使竹叶粉与酒精混合均匀,直至混合液面达到玻璃缸高度的2/3,成为混合液浆;四、将混合液浆加盖、静置萃取4小时~5小时,每隔1小时搅拌一次,随后用滤布加压过滤,去渣,取滤汁,再过滤、离心澄清,取得上层澄清液;五、将澄清液放进蒸馏塔,蒸馏温度60℃~65℃,挥发完酒精,收集塔底的黄色粉状物,同时塔顶冷却回收酒精。
从淡叶竹中提取竹叶黄酮物质的有益效果是:从淡叶竹中提取竹叶黄酮物质通过收割新鲜的淡竹叶进行加工晾晒、粉碎,又通过用酒精进行混合萃取,将淡竹叶中的黄酮类物质溶解到酒精中,然后通过加压过滤分离出萃取液,将萃取液蒸馏后分离出酒精和黄酮类物质。
具体实施方式
从淡叶竹中提取竹叶黄酮物质是按下面的步骤进行:一、收割新鲜的淡叶竹叶,清洗干净,离心、晾晒干燥叶片水分;二、将干燥淡叶竹用粉碎机粉碎成竹叶粉,将竹叶粉放进圆柱形玻璃缸中,竹叶粉应占玻璃缸体积1/2以下;三、向玻璃缸中加入85℃~90℃的酒精,一边加入酒精,一边搅拌,使竹叶粉与酒精混合均匀,直至混合液面达到玻璃缸高度的2/3,成为混合液浆;四、将混合液浆加盖、静置萃取4小时~5小时,每隔1小时搅拌一次,随后用滤布加压过滤,去渣,取滤汁,再过滤、离心澄清,取得上层澄清液;五、将澄清液放进蒸馏塔,蒸馏温度60℃~65℃,挥发完酒精,收集塔底的黄色粉状物,同时塔顶冷却回收酒精。
Claims (1)
1.从淡叶竹中提取竹叶黄酮物质,其特征是按下面的步骤进行:一、收割新鲜的淡叶竹叶,清洗干净,离心、晾晒干燥叶片水分;二、将干燥淡叶竹用粉碎机粉碎成竹叶粉,将竹叶粉放进圆柱形玻璃缸中,竹叶粉应占玻璃缸体积1/2以下;三、向玻璃缸中加入85℃~90℃的酒精,一边加入酒精,一边搅拌,使竹叶粉与酒精混合均匀,直至混合液面达到玻璃缸高度的2/3,成为混合液浆;四、将混合液浆加盖、静置萃取4小时~5小时,每隔1小时搅拌一次,随后用滤布加压过滤,去渣,取滤汁,再过滤、离心澄清,取得上层澄清液;五、将澄清液放进蒸馏塔,蒸馏温度60℃~65℃,挥发完酒精,收集塔底的黄色粉状物,同时塔顶冷却回收酒精。
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