CN107805014A - 一种陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
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- E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板,包括面料层及埋在两层面料层之间的网格布,面料层中含有陶粒,陶粒与面料层的体积比为0.1‐0.5:1,面料层包括以下重量份的原料制成:水泥30‐80份、聚丙纤维1‐5份、纤维素0.5‐3份、聚乙烯醇0.5‐3份、防水剂2‐6份、发泡剂5‐10份及免烧陶瓷粉1‐4份。本发明的隔墙板采用物理发泡原理制成,即将发泡剂通过发泡机制备成泡沫,再将泡沫加入到由水泥基胶凝材料、防水剂、陶粒等掺料制成的混合浆料中,经混合搅拌、浇注成型、养护而成;具有轻质经济、抗弯承载性能突出、隔音、隔热保温、防水防潮、性能稳定、耐候性持久等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及墙体加工生产技术领域,尤其涉及一种草陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着墙材革新与建筑节能工作和住宅产业化工作的推进与不断深化,轻质隔墙板以其轻质高强、保温隔热、防火阻燃、防水防潮,以及省工期、省人力、增大室内使用面积等其他类墙体材料无法比拟的优势,已在建筑围护中得到广泛应用。然而,目前的轻质隔墙板使用工业废渣或者单纯混凝土与水泥填充,由于其配方和技术工艺上的局限,大多数轻质隔墙板在隔音效果、耐久性、阻燃性、可施工性以及成型工艺与工序上尚存缺陷,影响到隔墙材料的推广和使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:针对上述存在的问题,提供一种采用物理发泡原理制成的陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板,本发明的陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板具有轻质经济、抗弯承载性能突出、隔音、隔热保温、防水防潮、性能稳定、耐候性持久等特点。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板,包括面料层及埋在两层面料层之间的网格布,所述面料层中含有陶粒,所述陶粒与面料层的体积比为0.1‐0.5:1,所述面料层包括以下重量份的原料制成:水泥30‐80份、聚丙纤维1‐5份、纤维素0.5‐3份、聚乙烯醇0.5‐3份、防水剂2‐6份、发泡剂5‐10份及免烧陶瓷粉1‐4份;所述发泡剂由以下重量份的原料混合而成:植物榨油残渣10-30份、一氯甲烷5-10份、烷基苯磺酸钠1-5份及聚乙烯醇酯5-10份。
较佳地,所述陶粒与面料层的体积比为0.3:1,所述陶粒的粒径为0.5‐4mm。
较佳地,所述防水剂由硬脂酸、纯碱、氢氧化钠及烷基苯磺酸钠混合而成,所述防水剂中硬脂酸、纯碱、氢氧化钠及烷基苯磺酸钠的重量比为45‐55:5‐12:0.5‐2:1。
较佳地,所述防水剂中硬脂酸、纯碱、氢氧化钠及烷基苯磺酸钠的重量比为50:6:1.5:1。
较佳地,所述水泥为硅酸盐水泥和快硬硫铝酸盐水泥。
较佳地,所述网格布为玻璃纤维网格布;所述氢氧化钠为片状氢氧化钠。
本发明还提供了一种陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板的制备方法,包括以下步骤制成:
(1)按照上述重量份称取各原料,备用;
(2)往硅酸盐水泥中添加水,搅拌均匀,制得胶凝材料备用;再将纤维素与水混合配成纤维素胶,聚乙烯醇与水混合配成聚乙烯醇胶,防水剂与水混合配成防水剂溶液;然后往胶凝材料中依次添加聚丙纤维、免烧陶瓷粉、陶粒及配制好的纤维素胶、聚乙烯醇胶和防水剂溶液,搅拌均匀,制得混合浆料;其中,所述硅酸盐水泥与水的重量比为0.2-0.5:1;
(3)往发泡剂中添加水,混合均匀后,放入发泡机中进行发泡,得到结构稳定的泡沫后,将所得泡沫和配制好的混合浆料倒入混泡机,期间不断搅拌,得到拌合料;其中,所述发泡剂与水的重量比为3-10:100;
(4)再将拌合料灌入隔墙板的成型模具中,拌合料灌至所述成型模具的中间位置后,放入网格布,再继续灌模成型;
(5)然后将灌入拌合料的成型模具送至蒸养间进行蒸养养护,蒸养养护20-24h后进行脱模;
(6)最后将脱模后的隔墙板进行自然养护,即可出库。
较佳地,所述纤维素胶中纤维素与水的重量比为0.5-1.5:100,所述聚乙烯醇胶中聚乙烯醇与水的重量为0.5-1.5:100。
较佳地,所述防水剂溶液中防水剂与水的重量比为50-60:800-1000。
较佳地,所述蒸养间的温度为50-60℃,湿度为75-85%。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明的陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板采用物理发泡原理制成,即将发泡剂通过发泡机制备成泡沫,再将泡沫加入到由水泥基胶凝材料、防水剂、掺料制成的混合浆料中,经混合搅拌、浇注成型、养护而成;本发明的隔墙板添加有轻集料陶粒,陶粒导热系数低、具有“内养护”作用,使复合墙板集高强,轻质、节能、保温、隔音等优异性能于一体,尤其是具有突出的抗弯承载性能;本发明采用植物榨油残渣、一氯甲烷、烷基苯磺酸钠及聚乙烯醇酯复配成的发泡剂,其与水泥混合可以形成大量的气泡,这样的结构能够承受来自外部的打击和撞击,同时发泡剂中的植物榨油残渣和聚乙烯醇酯颗粒具有良好的保温效果;本发明的防水剂由硬脂酸、纯碱、氢氧化钠及烷基苯磺酸钠混合而成,可以起到有效的防水防裂的作用;本发明的隔墙板在两层面料层之间埋设有网格布,增强了隔墙板的抗压及抗弯荷载,不易断裂,且成本低,质量轻;本发明的水泥基胶凝材料还添加了纤维素胶、聚乙烯醇胶,提高墙体内部的粘接能力,抗泽、抗震性能好,免烧陶瓷粉作为隔热防火材料,会吸收大量的热,延迟周围环境温度的升高,因此具有良好的防火阻燃性能。
(2)本发明的陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板生产成本低,建筑节能可达65%以上,施工工艺简单,轻质保温,隔墙板的干密度为180-200kg/m2,导热系数为0.045-0.056W/(m.k);隔音效果好,90mm厚的隔墙板的隔音量为50-55dB;粘接能力强,其与建筑主体墙材相容性及亲和力好,粘接牢固,不易脱落;且本发明的陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板施工方便,其可粘帖或干挂施工,可用于外墙内保温、外墙外保温,也可用于屋面保温隔热,施工方式灵活多样,适应性强,应用面广;同时本陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板整体性好,耐久性好,绿色环保,与建筑物同寿命。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下举出优选实施例,对本发明进一步详细说明。然而,需要说明的是,说明书中列出的许多细节仅仅是为了使读者对本发明的一个或多个方面有一个透彻的理解,即便没有这些特定的细节也可以实现本发明的这些方面。
本发明所述的硅酸盐水泥为标号为42.5的硅酸盐水泥。本发明所使用的原料和设备均可在市面上购买。
实施例1
一种陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板,包括面料层及埋在两层面料层之间的玻璃纤维网格布,所述面料层中含有陶粒,所述陶粒与面料层的体积比为0.3:1,陶粒的粒径为3mm;所述面料层包括以下重量份的原料制成:硅酸盐水泥65份、聚丙纤维3份、纤维素2份、聚乙烯醇1.5份、防水剂4份、发泡剂8份及免烧陶瓷粉3份;所述防水剂由硬脂酸、纯碱、氢氧化钠及烷基苯磺酸钠混合而成,所述防水剂中硬脂酸、纯碱、氢氧化钠及烷基苯磺酸钠的重量比为50:6:1.5:1;所述发泡剂由以下重量份的原料混合而成:植物榨油残渣25份、一氯甲烷8份、烷基苯磺酸钠3份及聚乙烯醇酯8份。
本发明还提供了一种陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板的制备方法,包括以下步骤制成:
(1)按照上述重量份称取各原料,备用;
(2)往硅酸盐水泥中添加水,搅拌均匀,制得胶凝材料备用;再将纤维素与水混合配成纤维素胶,聚乙烯醇与水混合配成聚乙烯醇胶,防水剂与水混合配成防水剂溶液;然后往胶凝材料中依次添加聚丙纤维、免烧陶瓷粉、陶粒及配制好的纤维素胶、聚乙烯醇胶和防水剂溶液,搅拌均匀,制得混合浆料;其中,所述硅酸盐水泥与水的重量比为0.3:1;所述纤维素胶中纤维素与水的重量比为1.0:100,所述聚乙烯醇胶中聚乙烯醇与水的重量为1.0:100;防水剂溶液中防水剂与水的重量比为55:900;
(3)往发泡剂中添加水,混合均匀后,放入发泡机中进行发泡,得到结构稳定的泡沫后,将所得泡沫和配制好的混合浆料倒入混泡机,期间不断搅拌,得到拌合料;其中,所述发泡剂与水的重量比为6:100;
(4)再将拌合料灌入隔墙板的成型模具中,拌合料灌至所述成型模具的中间位置后,放入玻璃纤维网格布,再继续灌模成型;
(5)然后将灌入拌合料的成型模具送至蒸养间进行蒸养养护,蒸养间的温度为55℃,湿度为80%,蒸养养护20h后进行脱模;
(6)最后将脱模后的隔墙板进行自然养护7天,自然养护期间每日早中晚各浇水1次,即可出库。
实施例2
一种陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板,包括面料层及埋在两层面料层之间的玻璃纤维网格布,所述面料层中含有陶粒,所述陶粒与面料层的体积比为0.1:1,陶粒的粒径为0.5mm;所述面料层包括以下重量份的原料制成:硅酸盐水泥30份、聚丙纤维1份、纤维素0.5份、聚乙烯醇0.5份、防水剂2份、发泡剂5份及免烧陶瓷粉4份;所述防水剂由硬脂酸、纯碱、片状氢氧化钠及烷基苯磺酸钠混合而成,所述防水剂中硬脂酸、纯碱、片状氢氧化钠及烷基苯磺酸钠的重量比为45:5:0.5:1;所述发泡剂由以下重量份的原料混合而成:植物榨油残渣10份、一氯甲烷5份、烷基苯磺酸钠1份及聚乙烯醇酯5份。
本发明还提供了一种陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板的制备方法,包括以下步骤制成:
(1)按照上述重量份称取各原料,备用;
(2)往硅酸盐水泥中添加水,搅拌均匀,制得胶凝材料备用;再将纤维素与水混合配成纤维素胶,聚乙烯醇与水混合配成聚乙烯醇胶,防水剂与水混合配成防水剂溶液;然后往胶凝材料中依次添加聚丙纤维、免烧陶瓷粉、陶粒及配制好的纤维素胶、聚乙烯醇胶和防水剂溶液,搅拌均匀,制得混合浆料;其中,所述硅酸盐水泥与水的重量比为0.3:1;所述纤维素胶中纤维素与水的重量比为1.0:100,所述聚乙烯醇胶中聚乙烯醇与水的重量为1.0:100;防水剂溶液中防水剂与水的重量比为55:900;
(3)往发泡剂中添加水,混合均匀后,放入发泡机中进行发泡,得到结构稳定的泡沫后,将所得泡沫和配制好的混合浆料倒入混泡机,期间不断搅拌,得到拌合料;其中,所述发泡剂与水的重量比为6:100;
(4)再将拌合料灌入隔墙板的成型模具中,拌合料灌至所述成型模具的中间位置后,放入玻璃纤维网格布,再继续灌模成型;
(5)然后将灌入拌合料的成型模具送至蒸养间进行蒸养养护,蒸养间的温度为55℃,湿度为80%,蒸养养护20h后进行脱模;
(6)最后将脱模后的隔墙板进行自然养护7天,自然养护期间每日早中晚各浇水1次,即可出库。
实施例3
一种陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板,包括面料层及埋在两层面料层之间的玻璃纤维网格布,所述面料层中含有陶粒,所述陶粒与面料层的体积比为0.5:1,陶粒的粒径为4mm;所述面料层包括以下重量份的原料制成:快硬硫铝酸盐水泥80份、聚丙纤维5份、纤维素3份、聚乙烯醇3份、防水剂6份、发泡剂10份及免烧陶瓷粉1份;所述防水剂由硬脂酸、纯碱、片状氢氧化钠及烷基苯磺酸钠混合而成,所述防水剂中硬脂酸、纯碱、片状氢氧化钠及烷基苯磺酸钠的重量比为55:12:2:1;所述发泡剂由以下重量份的原料混合而成:植物榨油残渣30份、一氯甲烷10份、烷基苯磺酸钠5份及聚乙烯醇酯10份。
本发明还提供了一种陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板的制备方法,包括以下步骤制成:
(1)按照上述重量份称取各原料,备用;
(2)往快硬硫铝酸盐水泥中添加水,搅拌均匀,制得胶凝材料备用;再将纤维素与水混合配成纤维素胶,聚乙烯醇与水混合配成聚乙烯醇胶,防水剂与水混合配成防水剂溶液;然后往胶凝材料中依次添加聚丙纤维、免烧陶瓷粉、陶粒及配制好的纤维素胶、聚乙烯醇胶和防水剂溶液,搅拌均匀,制得混合浆料;其中,所述硅酸盐水泥与水的重量比为0.2:1;所述纤维素胶中纤维素与水的重量比为0.5:100,所述聚乙烯醇胶中聚乙烯醇与水的重量为0.5:100;防水剂溶液中防水剂与水的重量比为50:800;
(3)往发泡剂中添加水,混合均匀后,放入发泡机中进行发泡,得到结构稳定的泡沫后,将所得泡沫和配制好的混合浆料倒入混泡机,期间不断搅拌,得到拌合料;其中,所述发泡剂与水的重量比为3:100;
(4)再将拌合料灌入隔墙板的成型模具中,拌合料灌至所述成型模具的中间位置后,放入玻璃纤维网格布,再继续灌模成型;
(5)然后将灌入拌合料的成型模具送至蒸养间进行蒸养养护,蒸养间的温度为50℃,湿度为75%,蒸养养护24h后进行脱模;
(6)最后将脱模后的隔墙板进行自然养护5天,自然养护期间每日早中晚各浇水1次,即可出库。
实施例4
一种陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板,包括面料层及埋在两层面料层之间的玻璃纤维网格布,,所述面料层中含有陶粒,所述陶粒与面料层的体积比为0.1:1,陶粒的粒径为0.5mm;所述面料层包括以下重量份的原料制成:硅酸盐水泥65份、聚丙纤维3份、纤维素2份、聚乙烯醇1.5份、防水剂4份、发泡剂8份及免烧陶瓷粉3份;所述防水剂由硬脂酸、纯碱、氢氧化钠及烷基苯磺酸钠混合而成,所述防水剂中硬脂酸、纯碱、氢氧化钠及烷基苯磺酸钠的重量比为50:6:1.5:1;所述发泡剂由以下重量份的原料混合而成:植物榨油残渣25份、一氯甲烷8份、烷基苯磺酸钠3份及聚乙烯醇酯8份。
本发明还提供了一种陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板的制备方法,包括以下步骤制成:
(1)按照上述重量份称取各原料,备用;
(2)往硅酸盐水泥中添加水,搅拌均匀,制得胶凝材料备用;再将纤维素与水混合配成纤维素胶,聚乙烯醇与水混合配成聚乙烯醇胶,防水剂与水混合配成防水剂溶液;然后往胶凝材料中依次添加聚丙纤维、免烧陶瓷粉、陶粒及配制好的纤维素胶、聚乙烯醇胶和防水剂溶液,搅拌均匀,制得混合浆料;其中,所述硅酸盐水泥与水的重量比为0.5:1;所述纤维素胶中纤维素与水的重量比为1.5:100,所述聚乙烯醇胶中聚乙烯醇与水的重量为1.5:100;防水剂溶液中防水剂与水的重量比为60:1000;
(3)往发泡剂中添加水,混合均匀后,放入发泡机中进行发泡,得到结构稳定的泡沫后,将所得泡沫和配制好的混合浆料倒入混泡机,期间不断搅拌,得到拌合料;其中,所述发泡剂与水的重量比为10:100;
(4)再将拌合料灌入隔墙板的成型模具中,拌合料灌至所述成型模具的中间位置后,放入玻璃纤维网格布,再继续灌模成型;
(5)然后将灌入拌合料的成型模具送至蒸养间进行蒸养养护,蒸养间的温度为60℃,湿度为85%,蒸养养护24h后进行脱模;
(6)最后将脱模后的隔墙板进行自然养护8天,自然养护期间每日早中晚各浇水1次,即可出库。
对比实施例
本实施例其它工艺参数与实施例1的一致,不同之处在于,面料层中未含有陶粒。
将本发明实施例1-4及对比实施例制备得到隔墙板参考GB/T23451-2009《建筑用轻质隔墙条板》进行质量检测,其中隔墙板的板面无裂缝、不缺楞掉角,外观质量及尺寸偏差均符合标准,同时也对包括导热系数、粘接强度、吸水率、抗冲击性能、抗弯承载、抗压强度、面密度、干密度、吊挂力、空气隔音量及放射性核素限量等性能进行检测;检测结果见表1。
表1
由表1可知,本发明实施例1-4制备得到的隔墙板的板面无裂缝、不缺楞掉角,外观质量及尺寸偏差、抗冲击性能、抗弯承载、抗压强度、面密度、吊挂力、空气隔音量及放射性核素限量等性能均符合标准,适合工业应用,值得推广。
另外,再将实施例1与对比实施例的隔墙板的其它部分性能进行检测并比较,比较结果见表2。
表2
由表1和表2可见,相对不含陶粒的隔墙板,本发明制备得到的陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板具有以下特点:(1)环保,隔墙板材料无放射性A类产品,符合国家G/T169-2005标准;(2)防火,本隔墙板在1000℃的高温下耐火极限超过5小时以上,而且不散发有毒气体,不燃性能达到国家A级标准;(3)隔音,隔墙板内有独立的气泡连接构成,具有良好的隔音效果,90mm厚的隔音量达到55dB;(4)隔热保温,导热系数低,具有良好的隔热保温功能;(5)整体性好,抗冲击性能是一般砌砖的1.5倍,墙体强度高,整体抗震性能高于普通砌筑墙体;(6)轻质经济,100mm厚的隔墙板重量相当于240mm厚的砌体重量的1/5,因而减少了结构造价,增大了使用面积,建筑节能可达65%以上;(7)尤其具有突出的抗弯承载性能:本发明的实施例制备的隔墙板抗弯承载均在2.4以上,而对比实施例制备得到的隔墙板仅为1.8;且本实施例的抗压强度也优于对比实施例所得的隔墙板。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以作出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板,其特征在于:包括面料层及埋在两层面料层之间的网格布,所述面料层中含有陶粒,所述陶粒与面料层的体积比为0.1‐0.5:1,所述面料层包括以下重量份的原料制成:
水泥30‐80份、聚丙纤维1‐5份、纤维素0.5‐3份、聚乙烯醇0.5‐3份、防水剂2‐6份、发泡剂5‐10份及免烧陶瓷粉1‐4份;所述发泡剂由以下重量份的原料混合而成:植物榨油残渣10-30份、一氯甲烷5-10份、烷基苯磺酸钠1-5份及聚乙烯醇酯5-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板,其特征在于:所述陶粒与面料层的体积比为0.3:1,所述陶粒的粒径为0.5‐4mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板,其特征在于:所述防水剂由硬脂酸、纯碱、氢氧化钠及烷基苯磺酸钠混合而成,所述防水剂中硬脂酸、纯碱、氢氧化钠及烷基苯磺酸钠的重量比为45‐55:5‐12:0.5‐2:1。
4.根据权利要求3所述的陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板,其特征在于:所述防水剂中硬脂酸、纯碱、氢氧化钠及烷基苯磺酸钠的重量比为50:6:1.5:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板,其特征在于:所述水泥为硅酸盐水泥和快硬硫铝酸盐水泥。
6.根据权利要求1所述的陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板,其特征在于:所述网格布为玻璃纤维网格布;所述氢氧化钠为片状氢氧化钠。
7.根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤制成:
(1)按照上述重量份称取各原料,备用;
(2)往硅酸盐水泥中添加水,搅拌均匀,制得胶凝材料备用;再将纤维素与水混合配成纤维素胶,聚乙烯醇与水混合配成聚乙烯醇胶,防水剂与水混合配成防水剂溶液;然后往胶凝材料中依次添加聚丙纤维、免烧陶瓷粉、陶粒及配制好的纤维素胶、聚乙烯醇胶和防水剂溶液,搅拌均匀,制得混合浆料;其中,所述硅酸盐水泥与水的重量比为0.2-0.5:1;
(3)往发泡剂中添加水,混合均匀后,放入发泡机中进行发泡,得到结构稳定的泡沫后,将所得泡沫和配制好的混合浆料倒入混泡机,期间不断搅拌,得到拌合料;其中,所述发泡剂与水的重量比为3-10:100;
(4)再将拌合料灌入隔墙板的成型模具中,拌合料灌至所述成型模具的中间位置后,放入网格布,再继续灌模成型;
(5)然后将灌入拌合料的成型模具送至蒸养间进行蒸养养护,蒸养养护20-24h后进行脱模;
(6)最后将脱模后的隔墙板进行自然养护,即可出库。
8.根据权利要求7所述的陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板的制备方法,其特征在于:所述纤维素胶中纤维素与水的重量比为0.5-1.5:100,所述聚乙烯醇胶中聚乙烯醇与水的重量为0.5-1.5:100。
9.根据权利要求7所述的陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板的制备方法,其特征在于:所述防水剂溶液中防水剂与水的重量比为50-60:800-1000。
10.根据权利要求7所述的陶粒复合轻质节能隔墙板的制备方法,其特征在于:所述蒸养间的温度为50-60℃,湿度为75-85%。
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