CN107787458A - 无线回程中的服务质量 - Google Patents

无线回程中的服务质量 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107787458A
CN107787458A CN201680037403.0A CN201680037403A CN107787458A CN 107787458 A CN107787458 A CN 107787458A CN 201680037403 A CN201680037403 A CN 201680037403A CN 107787458 A CN107787458 A CN 107787458A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
wireless backhaul
base station
user equipment
access
line feed
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
CN201680037403.0A
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English (en)
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CN107787458B (zh
Inventor
K.杜青斯基
K.A.泰里
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Airspan Networks Inc
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Airspan Networks Inc
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Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB1511200.6A external-priority patent/GB201511200D0/en
Application filed by Airspan Networks Inc filed Critical Airspan Networks Inc
Publication of CN107787458A publication Critical patent/CN107787458A/zh
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Publication of CN107787458B publication Critical patent/CN107787458B/zh
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0284—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control detecting congestion or overload during communication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16M—FRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
    • F16M11/00—Stands or trestles as supports for apparatus or articles placed thereon Stands for scientific apparatus such as gravitational force meters
    • F16M11/02—Heads
    • F16M11/04—Means for attachment of apparatus; Means allowing adjustment of the apparatus relatively to the stand
    • F16M11/06—Means for attachment of apparatus; Means allowing adjustment of the apparatus relatively to the stand allowing pivoting
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13—Receivers
    • G01S19/24—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/53—Determining attitude
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    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/04—Details
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    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
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Abstract

一种馈线终端包括回程通信电路，用以经由无线回程连接到通信网络并且为接入基站提供对无线回程的接入。回程信息电路确定与无线回程有关的拥塞信息，并且通信电路使得能实现与接入基站的通信并将拥塞信息提供给接入基站。响应于来自接入基站的包括服务质量要求的需求消息，通信电路将需求消息转发给通信网络。另外，一种接入基站包括通信电路，用以使得能实现与馈线终端的通信。回程通信电路经由馈线终端提供的无线回程连接到通信网络，并且为用户设备项提供对无线回程的接入。要求确定电路确定来自用户设备的至少一个服务质量要求；并且接入控制电路选择性地控制用户设备对无线回程的使用。通信电路基于所述至少一个服务质量要求向馈线终端提供服务质量需求消息，并且从馈线终端接收与无线回程有关的拥塞信息。接入控制电路根据拥塞信息来控制用户设备对无线回程的使用。

Description

无线回程中的服务质量
技术领域
本技术涉及联网领域。特别地，本技术涉及无线馈线网络中的服务质量。
背景技术
服务质量（QoS）涉及对计算机网络做出的特定要求。例如，实况视频应用可能具有以100ms等待时间提供1.5 Mbit/s的带宽的QoS要求。满足QoS要求依赖于服务保证，例如关于特定连接的容量或带宽的保证。例如，两个设备之间的连接可能具有以50ms等待时间的10 Mbit/s的服务保证。
在无线网络中，先前已经提出通过向不同设备静态地分配可用带宽来提供服务保证。例如，如果特定设备X具有10 Mbit/s的可用带宽并且10个其它设备连接到设备X，则可以向每个设备静态地分配1 Mbit/s的带宽。这在其中带宽不太可能显著偏离的有线网络中可以是有效的。然而，在无线网络中，带宽可能由于环境条件（例如天气）以及由其它通信引起的干扰而变化。因此，在向每个设备分配例如1 Mbit/s带宽之后，随后可能是以下情况：在一段时间内，仅0.5 Mbit/s的总带宽可用，这意味着甚至不能向单个设备提供1 Mbit/s的有保证的服务。
此外，这样的策略是浪费的，如果例如设备中的一些没有东西要传输的话，由于带宽将已经被静态地分配给那些设备，其然后不做出对带宽的任何使用。在有线网络中，此问题可以通过使用动态分配方案来减轻。然而，此类方案通常依赖于例如流量控制以及有保证的可用带宽，其由于先前给出的原因不能被在无线网络中提供。
因此，能够为无线网络中的设备提供服务保证以便允许QoS要求被满足将是合期望的。
发明内容
从第一示例配置来看，提供了一种馈线终端，其包括：回程通信电路，用以经由无线回程连接到通信网络，并且为接入基站提供对无线回程的接入；回程信息电路，用以确定与无线回程有关的拥塞信息；以及通信电路，用以使得能实现与接入基站的通信并将拥塞信息提供给接入基站，其中响应于来自接入基站的包括服务质量要求的需求消息，通信电路将需求消息转发给通信网络。
从第二示例配置来看，提供了一种操作馈线终端的方法，其包括步骤：经由无线回程连接到通信网络；为接入基站提供对无线回程的接入；确定与无线回程有关的拥塞信息；将拥塞信息提供给接入基站，其中响应于来自接入基站的包括服务质量要求的需求消息，通信电路将需求消息转发到通信网络。
从第三示例配置来看，提供了一种馈线终端，其包括：用于经由无线回程连接到通信网络并且用于为接入基站提供对无线回程的接入的回程通信部件；用于确定与无线回程有关的拥塞信息的回程信息部件；以及用于使得能实现与接入基站的通信并且用于向接入基站提供拥塞信息的通信部件，其中响应于来自接入基站的包括服务质量要求的需求消息，通信部件将需求消息转发给通信网络。
从第四示例配置来看，提供了一种接入基站，其包括：通信电路，用以使得能实现与馈线终端的通信；回程通信电路，用以经由由馈线终端提供的无线回程连接到通信网络，并且为一个或多个用户设备项提供对无线回程的接入；要求确定电路，用以确定来自所述一个或多个用户设备项的至少一个服务质量要求；以及接入控制电路，用以选择性地控制所述一个或多个用户设备项对无线回程的使用，其中通信电路要基于所述至少一个服务质量要求向馈线终端提供服务质量需求消息，并且要从馈线终端接收与无线回程有关的拥塞信息，并且接入控制电路根据拥塞信息来控制所述一个或多个用户设备项对无线回程的使用。
从第五示例配置来看，提供了一种操作接入基站的方法，其包括步骤：经由由馈线终端提供的无线回程连接到通信网络；为一个或多个用户设备项提供对无线回程的接入；确定来自所述一个或多个用户设备项的至少一个服务质量要求；选择性地控制所述一个或多个用户设备项对无线回程的使用；基于所述至少一个服务质量要求向馈线终端提供服务质量需求消息；以及从馈线终端接收与无线回程有关的拥塞信息，其中根据拥塞信息来控制所述一个或多个用户设备项对无线回程的使用。
从第六示例配置来看，提供了一种接入基站，其包括：用于使得能实现与馈线终端的通信的通信部件；用于经由由馈线终端提供的无线回程连接到通信网络并且用于为一个或多个用户设备项提供对无线回程的接入的回程通信部件；用于确定来自所述一个或多个用户设备项的至少一个服务质量要求的要求确定部件；以及用于选择性地控制所述一个或多个用户设备项对无线回程的使用的接入控制部件，其中通信部件基于所述至少一个服务质量要求向馈线终端提供服务质量需求消息并且从馈线终端接收与无线回程有关的拥塞信息；并且接入控制部件根据拥塞信息来控制所述一个或多个用户设备项对无线回程的使用。
附图说明
将仅通过示例的方式参考如在附图中图示的本技术的实施例来进一步描述本技术，在所述附图中：
图1示意性地图示了在无线馈线网络中根据一个实施例的接入基站与根据一个实施例的馈线终端通信；
图2示意性地图示了根据一个实施例的馈线终端；
图3示意性地图示了根据一个实施例的接入基站；
图4示出了由示例馈线终端对多个用户设备项之中的无线资源的分配；
图5示出了由接入基站存储的示例表格，所述示例表格包括与由用户设备项运行的服务对应的多个QoS条目；
图6示出了其中QoS条目被合并的示例；
图7示出了图示根据一个实施例的接入基站的行为的流程图；以及
图8示出了图示根据一个实施例的馈线终端的行为的流程图。
具体实施方式
在参考附图论述实施例之前，提供了对实施例和关联优点的以下描述。
根据一个示例配置，提供了一种馈线终端，其包括：回程通信电路，用以经由无线回程连接到通信网络，并且为接入基站提供对无线回程的接入；回程信息电路，用以确定与无线回程有关的拥塞信息；以及通信电路，用以使得能实现与接入基站的通信并向接入基站提供拥塞信息，其中响应于来自接入基站的包括服务质量要求的需求消息，通信电路将需求消息转发给通信网络。
在无线馈线网络中，无线馈线终端从馈线基站接收无线回程，馈线基站可以直接连接到通信网络。在LTE（长期演进）无线电信标准的示例中，馈线基站可以被称为施主（Donor）eNodeB。馈线终端将此无线回程连通性提供给例如用户设备项可以连接到的接入基站。因此，用户设备项能够利用无线回程。回程通信电路经由无线回程将馈线终端连接到通信网络——例如，馈线终端可以无线地连接到馈线基站。回程信息电路确定与无线回程有关的拥塞信息。拥塞信息是给出对无线回程的当前拥塞水平的指示或估计的数据。此信息可以用于确定当前正在使用无线回程的多少容量。通信电路使得能实现与接入基站的通信，以便向接入基站提供拥塞信息。此外，响应于来自接入基站的包括服务质量要求的需求消息，通信电路将需求消息转发到通信网络。注意，通信电路和回程通信电路可以是相同电路。特别地，向接入基站提供对无线回程的接入的相同电路也可以使得能实现接入基站与馈线终端之间的通信并且还有馈线终端与通信网络之间的通信。通过确定关于无线回程的拥塞信息并将此信息传递到接入基站上，对于接入基站而言根据无线回程的拥塞更改其行为是可能的。类似地，通过转发由接入基站生成的（包括服务质量要求的）需求消息，对于通信网络而言更新或添加承载和/或网络策略以便更好地满足服务质量要求是可能的。
在一些实施例中，拥塞信息与无线回程的可用带宽有关。带宽是数据传输速率的测量结果。例如，1 MB/秒的带宽指示每秒可跨无线回程传输1 MB的数据。
在一些实施例中，拥塞信息与无线回程的分组丢掉率有关。在其中网络的拥塞水平超过特定点的网络中，数据分组常常以被丢掉而结束。这样的过程可以是自动的——例如，比预定义时间段更旧的分组可以被认为具有很少价值以使得它们应当被丢掉。在其它情况下，可丢掉较不重要的分组。在任一情况下，丢掉分组可以降小拥塞水平，并使其它分组更容易被发送到它们的目的地。
在一些实施例中，拥塞信息基于在预定义时间段内采取的无线回程的一个或多个测量。在此类情况下，拥塞信息基于采取的对无线回程的实际的最近测量或当前测量。例如，通过尝试尽可能多地跨无线回程推送数据和测量实际传输了多少数据，以便评估当前的可用带宽。在其它实施例中，可通过在一段时间或窗口内对丢掉分组的数目进行物理计数来实现计算。对于无线回程，基于特定的环境因素来估计可用带宽也是可能的。例如，（例如用信号干扰噪声指示符（例如SINR或CINR）标识的）信号的质量可以用于提供对当前可用带宽的估计。
在一些实施例中，拥塞信息基于与无线回程有关的历史数据。在这些实施例中，回程信息电路使用与无线回程有关的历史信息以便确定拥塞信息。例如，回程信息电路可基于无线回程在前一天的类似时间处多么拥塞来估计拥塞信息。替代地，回程信息可执行趋势分析以确定最近时间段内的拥塞水平中的趋势，并使用此来执行与当前拥塞水平有关的预测。
根据另一示例配置，提供了一种接入基站，包括：通信电路，用以使得能实现与馈线终端的通信；回程通信电路，用以经由由馈线终端提供的无线回程连接到通信网络，并且为一个或多个用户设备项提供对无线回程的接入；要求确定电路，用以确定来自所述一个或多个用户设备项的至少一个服务质量要求；以及接入控制电路，用以选择性地控制所述一个或多个用户设备项对无线回程的使用，其中通信电路要基于所述至少一个服务质量要求向馈线终端提供服务质量需求消息并且要从馈线终端接收与无线回程有关的拥塞信息；并且接入控制电路根据拥塞信息来控制所述一个或多个用户设备项对无线回程的使用。
在馈线终端中，接入基站从馈线终端获取对无线回程的接入。用户设备项连接到接入基站并使用无线回程连接到通信网络。由用户设备提供的服务常常要求特定的服务质量（QoS）以有效地进行操作。例如，为了在网络上有效地传输语音，必须以在特定阈值之下的等待时间来递送分组，否则分组将花费太长时间到达它们的目的地。此外，回程必须具有特定的容量，否则它将不可能将编码的语音数据足够快地发送到预期目的地。根据上文，通信电路使得接入基站能够与馈线终端进行通信，而回程通信电路接入由馈线终端提供的无线回程并且为用户设备项提供对无线回程的接入。要求确定电路确定来自所述一个或多个用户设备项的至少一个服务质量要求。此信息可以存储在接入基站处的数据库中，可以通过查询用户设备项来确定，或这两个的组合。一旦已经确定了这一点，通信电路就能够形成服务质量需求消息，其可以被转发给馈线终端。另外，通信电路从馈线终端接收与无线回程有关的拥塞信息。接入基站包括接入控制电路，接入控制电路然后能够根据拥塞信息来控制所述一个或多个用户设备项对无线回程的使用。因此，根据拥塞水平，接入基站能够根据当前拥塞水平来调整用户设备的行为（及其本身）。例如，随着拥塞增加，用户设备和接入基站可以减少低优先级业务的传输，以有利于高优先级业务的传输。因此，可以更好地满足服务质量要求。另外，通过向通信网络提供服务质量需求消息，通信网络能够获得与用户设备的要求有关的信息。
在一些实施例中，所述至少一个服务质量要求包括对从所述一个或多个用户设备项接收到的每个类别的数据的一个要求。在此类情况下，在逐类别的基础上提供服务质量要求，而不是单独地报告针对由每个用户设备项提供的每个服务的服务质量要求。因此，在服务质量需求消息中可以传输更少的数据。
在一些实施例中，针对每个类别的数据的一个要求是针对该类别的数据的比特率。换而言之，要求是要跨无线回程传送比特的速率。
在一些实施例中，比特率是针对该类别的数据的最大要求比特率。这表示为了使服务有效地工作而必须通过无线回程传输比特的最大要求速率。作为示例，特定类别的数据可以是这样的，它将要求的最多数据是每秒90比特的数据。
在一些实施例中，针对每个类别的数据的一个要求基于跨所述一个或多个用户设备项的针对该类别的数据的总最大要求比特率。例如，如果特定类别的数据与语音服务有关，其中一个具有50 bit/s的最大要求比特率而另一个具有65bit/s的最大要求比特率，则这可以表示为具有115（50 + 65）bit/s的总最大要求比特率的类别（语音服务）。
在一些实施例中，每个类别的数据包括QCI和类型；并且类型是GBR或AMBR中的一个。在这些实施例中，每个类别将QoS类别标识符（QCI）与类型（GBR或AMBR）组合。QCI可以被视为诸如长期演进（LTE）网络之类的网络中的数据优先级的指示符。每个不同的QCI值与诸如分组延迟/等待时间和分组错误丢失之类的特定QoS要求相关联。类型可以是有保证的比特率（GBR）或聚合最大比特率（AMBR）中的一个。在LTE中，GBR适用于特定连接，而AMBR是不具有GBR类型的所有承载的聚合最大比特率。在WiMAX中，GBR仍然适用，而非GBR连接被称为尽力而为。因此，一类别的数据可以与（QCI = 3，类型= GBR）一致，并且此类别的数据可以具有330bit/s的关联的最大比特率。这将指示对于具有QCI 3的所有GBR承载而言，将要求330Bit/s的总最大比特率。
存在接入控制电路可以控制用户设备项对无线回程的使用的多个方式。然而，在一些实施例中，每个用户设备项利用在给定调度时段内分配给该用户设备项的资源块（在本文中也称为通信时隙）来接入无线回程；并且接入控制电路通过控制分配给受影响的用户设备项的资源块的数目来选择性地控制受影响的用户设备项对无线回程的使用。例如，如果拥塞为高，则可以降低在给定调度时段中分配给每个用户设备项的资源块的数目。因此，可能要求用户设备项对其数据进行优先级排序，并且由于使其可用资源块的其数目削减而仅发送最重要的（最小延迟容忍的）业务。类似地，如果拥塞为低，则可以增加资源块的数目，使得对于用户设备项而言发送较低优先级数据更加可行。
在一些实施例中，接入控制电路通过经由无线回程将受影响的用户设备项提供的数据选择性地转发到通信网络来选择性地控制受影响的用户设备项对无线回程的使用。因此，接入基站根据考虑中的数据的性质和拥塞水平来拒绝或允许对数据的转发。在此类情况下，可以由接入基站本身做出关于发送哪些数据的决定作出过程，这可以使得能实现路由决策以更快地响应于无线回程的拥塞中的改变。
在一些实施例中，服务质量需求消息由自通信电路提供先前的服务质量需求消息之后已改变的数据组成。因此，在这些实施例中，每当从所述一个或多个用户设备项确定服务质量要求时，无需传输完整的服务质量需求消息。替代地，仅传输要求中的差异，从而减少必须发送的数据量。
在一些实施例中，提供了一种网络，其包括：如先前描述的馈线终端，其连接到如先前描述的接入基站；以及通信网络，其中响应于接收到服务质量需求消息，通信网络根据所述至少一个服务质量要求来改变到馈线终端的无线回程的容量。在这些实施例中，通信网络可以更改其策略或通过网络路由数据的方式，以使得无线回程的容量被改变。例如，如果所述至少一个服务质量要求指示要求更大的带宽，则通信网络增加无线回程的容量。这可以通过例如在馈线终端处提供到馈线基站的附加连接来实现，以便允许在馈线终端和馈线基站之间传送更多的数据。
现在将参考各图来描述特定实施例。
图1示意性地图示了包括根据一个实施例的接入基站110和根据一个实施例的馈线终端120的无线馈线网络100。接入基站110连接到一个或多个用户设备项130a、130b、130c。在图1的示例中，连接是无线的。然而，在其它实施例中，连接中的一个或多个可以是有线的。接入基站110还连接到馈线终端120。馈线终端120提供对无线回程140的接入（access），无线回程140经由馈线基站160将馈线终端120连接到通信网络150。在此实施例中，接入基站110和馈线终端120被示出为分离的设备。然而，在其它实施例中，这些设备可以被组合成单个设备。馈线终端120将对无线回程140的接入提供给接入基站110，接入基站110进而向用户设备项130准许对无线回程140的接入。使用此类馈线网络100是有利的，因为它允许回程以自组织（ad-hoc）方式被快速提供给用户设备项130，而不需要将复杂或昂贵的基础设施落实到位。
无线回程140经受环境条件中的改变。例如，天气以及其它附近的无线电设备可能影响无线回程的质量。这可导致馈线终端120与馈线基站160之间的增加的分组丢失，其进而可能限制跨无线回程140的可用带宽。如果用户设备项130提供要求特定QoS以有效地操作的服务，则无线回程140的退化可能导致那些服务被消极地影响。
图2示出了根据一个实施例的馈线终端120的示例。在此实施例中，如先前参考图1所论述的，馈线终端120（经由无线回程140）无线地连接到馈线基站160，并且还连接到接入基站110。如图2中所示，馈线终端120包括回程通信电路170。这为接入基站110提供对无线回程140的接入。回程信息电路180被提供以收集与无线回程140有关的拥塞信息。在此实施例中，回程信息电路180通过监视在预定义时间段内使用无线回程140传送的最大数据量来确定无线回程140的当前带宽。此信息被提供给馈线终端120的通信电路190，通信电路190进而将此信息转发给接入基站110。
另外，通信电路190从接入基站110接收需求消息。需求消息包括针对由用户设备130提供的服务的一个或多个QoS要求。馈线终端使用无线回程140经由馈线基站160将此类需求消息转发到通信网络150。这使得对于通信网络150而言根据改变QoS要求来更改其策略和/或网络配置成为可能。
在此实施例中，回程通信电路170和通信电路190被示出为分离的电路。
图3示出了根据一个实施例的接入基站110的示例。在此实施例中，如先前参考图1所描述的，接入基站110连接到用户设备项130a、130b、130c以及馈线终端120。接入基站110包括回程通信电路200，回程通信电路200经由馈线终端120接收对无线回程140的接入，并且使得用户设备项130能够接入无线回程140。另外，要求确定电路210确定针对由用户设备130运行的服务的不同QoS要求。可以通过查询用户设备130、通过用户设备130为接入基站110宣布它具有什么QoS要求、通过要求确定电路210访问具有此类信息的本地数据库、或其组合来做出此确定。无论如何，一旦要求确定电路确定针对用户设备130的QoS要求，这就通过确定针对每个类别的业务的要求和形成需求消息来 “压缩”。参考图5和图6更详细地示出了此过程。需求消息被提供给通信电路220，通信电路220将此消息转发给馈线终端120。
另外，通信电路220从馈线终端120接收拥塞信息。拥塞信息与无线回程140拥塞的程度有关，并且在此实施例中指示无线回程140的多少带宽可用。此信息从通信电路220提供给接入控制电路230，接入控制电路230使得回程通信电路200根据拥塞信息来控制对无线回程140的接入。例如，随着无线回程140的可用带宽降低，用户设备项130对无线回程的接入受到限制。当无线回程140的可用带宽增加时，此接入被恢复。在此实施例中，如何对要发送的数据进行优先级排序取决于每个用户设备项，考虑到其对无线回程140的更受限的接入。然而，在其它实施例中，此角色可以由回程通信电路200本身承担，其拒绝将特定数据（例如低优先级数据）转发到无线回程140上。在其它实施例中，拥塞信息可以采取丢掉分组的数目或分组丢失率的形式。通常，随着拥塞增加（即随着当前带宽接近最大带宽），分组丢失率将增加。因此，更高的分组丢失率或更高的丢失分组数目可以用作对当前无线回程140容量的指示。
在此实施例中，回程通信电路200和通信电路220被示出为分离的电路。然而，在其它实施例中，这些电路是相同的。
图4图示了由接入基站110使用无线资源以便由接入控制电路230控制对无线回程140的接入的示例。图4图示了可以如何将时间分解成不同的时段或帧。每个此类帧包括多个资源块（在本文也被称为通信时隙（slot），或者仅称为时隙）（在此示例中为8）。例如，时隙可能持续20 ms，其中每个帧因此持续160 ms。每个帧被分配给连接到接入基站110的不同用户设备项130。图4中示出了不同形式的阴影，以图示每个时隙被分配到的不同用户设备项130。例如，提供第一阴影类型240以指示分配给UE1 130a的时隙。提供第二阴影类型250以指示分配给UE2 130b的时隙，并且提供第三阴影类型260以指示分配给UE3 130c的时隙。无阴影的时隙270未被分配给任何用户设备，并且可以例如被用于接入基站110同时向所有用户设备项130广播数据。用户设备项130仅可在分配给该用户设备130的时隙期间经由接入基站110使用无线回程140进行传输。因此，用户设备项130具有的分配给它的时隙越多，用户设备项130可以经由无线回程140发送的数据越多。如图4中所示，前两帧中的时隙分配保持相同。在第三个时隙中，由于拥塞信息指示无线回程140高度拥塞（无附加的带宽可用），接入控制电路230使得回程通信电路220限制对无线回程的接入。因此，过去分配的一些时隙未被分配，这具有用户设备项不能经由无线回程140发送同样多的数据的结果。用户设备130可以通过对它传输的数据进行优先级排序来对此进行响应。特别地，可以优先于具有低QoS需求的数据（例如没有等待时间要求，诸如下载web页面）来传输具有高QoS需求的数据（例如低等待时间要求，诸如VOIP数据）。这样的过程有助于防止拥塞的无线回程140充斥着低优先级的数据，这允许仍然发送具有高QoS要求的数据——帮助满足那些QoS要求。
图5图示了由要求确定电路210存储的用于形成由接入基站110中的通信电路220传输给馈线终端120的需求消息的数据库290的示例。数据库的每一行与针对由特定用户设备项运行的服务的QoS要求有关。数据库的列包括DB ID 300，其用于唯一地标识数据库的每一行。UE ID 310标识特定的用户设备项。类型列320指示提出的QoS要求的类型。例如，这可能是有保证的比特率（GBR）或聚合最大比特率（AMBR）。服务质量类别标识符（QCI）列330进一步定义针对特定服务的QoS要求。特别地，不同的标识符将特定要求放置在例如特定服务所允许的等待时间和分组丢失率上。类型320和QCI 330字段一起定义数据业务的类别。最大比特率340指示针对对应类别的数据业务的最大要求比特率。最后，在业务类型为GBR的情况下，有保证的比特率350列指示针对要操作的服务所必须保证的最大比特率。作为示例，对于IP语音（VOIP）服务，有保证的比特率列350可以指示完全传输语音信号所需的带宽。相比之下，最大比特率列340可以指示以高质量传输语音信号所需的带宽。因此，对于一些服务，高于有保证的比特率但低于最大比特率地传输数据可以是允许的，尽管这可能不是理想的。例如，考虑图5中的表格，另一用户设备项UE4运行4个服务。第一（条目1:5），传输QCI 2的GBR业务，其具有16 Kbit/s的最大比特率要求和8 Kbit/s的有保证的比特率要求。第二（条目1:6），传输QCI 7的GBR业务，其具有32 Kbit/s的最大比特率要求和16 Kbit/s的有保证的比特率要求。第三（条目1:7），传输QCI 1的AMBR业务，其具有64 Kbit/s的最大比特率要求，并且第四（条目1:8），传输QCI 4的AMBR业务，其具有128 Kbit/s的最大比特率要求。注意，在图5的示例中，如与最后一行相比，最大比特率在每一行处增加了一倍。仅出于在示出如何计算需求消息方面的数学便利性，为读者提供了这一点。
图6示出了如从图5中示出的表格形成的需求消息的内容的示例。通过将具有相同数据类别的每个服务的最大比特率加在一起，图5的表格被压缩。对于GBR的类型，有保证的比特率也被总计在一起。例如，跨在图5中具有GBR类型和QCI 1的所有行，总最大比特率是5Kbit/s，并且总有保证的比特率是3 Kbit/s（条目1:1和1: 3）。类似地，跨在图5中具有AMBR类型和QCI 1的所有行，总最大比特率是66 Kbit/s（条目1:2和1:7）。类似地，跨在图5中具有GBR类型和QCI 2的所有行，总最大比特率是24 Kbit/s，并且总有保证的比特率是12Kbit/s（条目1:4和1:5）。跨在图5中具有GBR类型和QCI 7的所有行，总最大比特率是32Kbit/s，并且总有保证的比特率是16 Kbit/s（条目1:6）。最后，跨在图5中具有AMBR类型和QCI 4的所有行，总最大比特率是128（条目1:8）。因此，表360指示针对接入基站110为用户设备130服务的整体QoS要求。在此实施例中，通过计算针对每个类别的数据的总要求来确定总体要求。然而，在其它实施例中，可以计算平均值而不是总和。注意，如果图6中示出的表格的前四行已经被传输（例如如果它们形成了先前的需求消息的内容），但是第五行尚未被传输，则第五行是将作为需求消息的部分而传输的唯一行。
图7示出了图示根据一个实施例的接入基站110的行为的流程图370。过程在步骤380处开始，其中确定拥塞信息是否已经由接入基站110接收到。如果是这样，则处理拥塞信息。这可涉及如先前参考图4解释的资源到每个用户设备项的重新分配或解除分配。一旦完成了这一点，或者如果没有接收到拥塞信息，则在步骤400处获得QoS要求。这可以通过例如查阅关于图5所示出的数据库来执行。可以通过向用户设备项130恳求（或者从向用户设备项130接收未经恳求的）与它们对用户设备提供的服务的QoS要求有关的信息来随时间过去对数据库本身进行填充。在步骤410处，构建QoS需求消息。在步骤420处，确定此新的QoS需求消息是否包含通信网络150先前未接收到的信息。这可能是因为QoS需求已经改变或者因为未接收到先前的QoS需求消息。无论如何，如果没有新数据要发送，则过程返回到步骤380。替代地，如果有新数据要发送，则在步骤430处，传输QoS消息，其中QoS消息由新数据组成。然后在步骤440处本地地存储所传输的消息，以使得接入基站110可以保持对已经传输的数据和尚未传输的数据的跟踪。注意，在一些实现中，在步骤410处必须构建QoS需求消息的程度可以显著减少。例如，从获得QoS数据的过程400可能明显的是，不存在新数据，从而完全放弃步骤410。
图8示出了图示根据一个实施例的馈线终端120的行为的流程图450。过程在步骤460处开始，其中确定是否已经接收到QoS需求消息。如果是这样，则在步骤470处，经由馈线基站160将QoS需求消息转发到通信网络150。通信网络150可以通过例如更新关于无线回程的策略或者通过重新分配的资源对这一点进行响应，以使得无线回程140的拥塞可以被更改。例如，通过向无线回程140分配附加的资源，可能减少拥塞，并从而满足用户设备130的更多的QoS要求。一旦QoS需求消息已经在步骤470处被转发，或者如果在步骤460处没有接收到QoS需求消息，则在步骤480处，可以确定与无线回程有关的拥塞信息。然后在步骤490处将此信息发送到接入基站110，并且过程返回到步骤460。
因此，可以看出，根据当前实施例的馈线终端120和接入基站110可以合作并且与彼此交换信息，以便更好地满足无线馈线网络中的用户设备130的QoS要求。
在本申请中，词“被配置成……”用于意味着装置的元件具有能够执行所定义的操作的配置。在此上下文中，“配置”意味着硬件或软件的布置或互连方式。例如，装置可具有提供所定义的操作的专用硬件，或者处理器或其它处理设备可被编程成执行功能。“被配置成”不暗示装置元件需要以任何方式改变以便提供所定义的操作。
尽管已经参考附图在本文中详细地描述了本发明的说明性实施例，但要理解的是，本发明不限于那些精确的实施例，并且本领域技术人员可以在不背离如由所附权利要求书限定的本发明的范围和精神的情况下在其中实现各种改变、添加和修改。例如，可以在不背离本发明的范围的情况下做出从属权利要求的特征与独立权利要求的特征的各种组合。

Claims (19)

1.一种馈线终端，包括：
回程通信电路，用以经由无线回程连接到通信网络，并且为接入基站提供对无线回程的接入；
回程信息电路，用以确定与无线回程有关的拥塞信息；以及
通信电路，用以使得能实现与接入基站的通信并将拥塞信息提供给接入基站，其中
响应于来自接入基站的包括服务质量要求的需求消息，通信电路将需求消息转发给通信网络。
2.根据任何前述权利要求所述的馈线终端，其中
拥塞信息与无线回程的可用带宽有关。
3.根据权利要求1所述的馈线终端，其中
拥塞信息与无线回程的分组丢掉率有关。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的馈线终端，其中
拥塞信息基于在预定义时间段内采取的对无线回程的一个或多个测量。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的馈线终端，其中
拥塞信息基于与无线回程有关的历史数据。
6.一种操作馈线终端的方法，包括步骤：
经由无线回程连接到通信网络；
为接入基站提供对无线回程的接入；
确定与无线回程有关的拥塞信息；
将拥塞信息提供给接入基站，其中响应于来自接入基站的包括服务质量要求的需求消息，通信电路将需求消息转发到通信网络。
7.一种馈线终端，包括：
用于经由无线回程连接到通信网络并且用于为接入基站提供对无线回程的接入的回程通信部件；
用于确定与无线回程有关的拥塞信息的回程信息部件；以及
用于使得能实现与接入基站的通信并且用于向接入基站提供拥塞信息的通信部件，其中
响应于来自接入基站的包括服务质量要求的需求消息，通信部件将需求消息转发给通信网络。
8.一种接入基站，包括：
通信电路，用以使得能实现与馈线终端的通信；
回程通信电路，用以经由由馈线终端提供的无线回程连接到通信网络，并且为一个或多个用户设备项提供对无线回程的接入；
要求确定电路，用以确定来自所述一个或多个用户设备项的至少一个服务质量要求；以及
接入控制电路，用以选择性地控制所述一个或多个用户设备项对无线回程的使用，其中
通信电路要基于所述至少一个服务质量要求向馈线终端提供服务质量需求消息，并且要从馈线终端接收与无线回程有关的拥塞信息，并且
接入控制电路根据拥塞信息来控制所述一个或多个用户设备项对无线回程的使用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的接入基站，其中
所述至少一个服务质量要求包括针对从所述一个或多个用户设备项接收到的每个类别的数据的一个要求。
10.根据权利要求9所述的接入基站，其中
针对每个类别的数据的一个要求是针对该类别的数据的比特率。
11.根据权利要求10所述的接入基站，其中
比特率是针对该类别的数据的最大要求比特率。
12.根据权利要求11所述的接入基站，其中
针对每个类别的数据的一个要求基于跨所述一个或多个用户设备项的针对该类别的数据的总最大要求比特率。
13.根据权利要求9-12中任一项所述的接入基站，其中
每个类别的数据包括QCI和类型；并且
类型是GBR或AMBR中的一个。
14.根据权利要求8-13中任一项所述的接入基站，其中
每个用户设备项利用在给定调度时段内分配给该用户设备项的资源块来接入无线回程；并且
接入控制电路通过减少分配给受影响的用户设备项的资源块的数目来选择性地控制受影响的用户设备项对无线回程的使用。
15.根据权利要求8-14中任一项所述的接入基站，其中
接入控制电路通过经由无线回程将由受影响的用户设备项提供的数据选择性地转发到通信网络来选择性地控制受影响的用户设备项对无线回程的使用。
16.根据权利要求8-15中任一项所述的接入基站，其中
服务质量需求消息包括自通信电路提供了先前的服务质量需求消息之后已经改变的数据。
17.一种操作接入基站的方法，包括步骤：
经由由馈线终端提供的无线回程连接到通信网络；
为一个或多个用户设备项提供对无线回程的接入；
确定来自所述一个或多个用户设备项的至少一个服务质量要求；
选择性地控制所述一个或多个用户设备项对无线回程的使用；
基于所述至少一个服务质量要求，向馈线终端提供服务质量需求消息；以及
从馈线终端接收与无线回程有关的拥塞信息，其中
根据拥塞信息来控制所述一个或多个用户设备项对无线回程的使用。
18.一种接入基站，包括：
用于使得能实现与馈线终端的通信的通信部件；
用于经由由馈线终端提供的无线回程连接到通信网络并且用于为一个或多个用户设备项提供对无线回程的接入的回程通信部件；
用于确定来自所述一个或多个用户设备项的至少一个服务质量要求的要求确定部件；以及
用于选择性地控制所述一个或多个用户设备项对无线回程的使用的接入控制部件，其中
通信部件基于所述至少一个服务质量要求向馈线终端提供服务质量需求消息，并且从馈线终端接收与无线回程有关的拥塞信息，并且
接入控制部件根据拥塞信息来控制所述一个或多个用户设备项对无线回程的使用。
19.一种网络，包括：
根据权利要求1-5之一所述的馈线终端，其连接到根据权利要求8-16之一所述的接入基站；以及
通信网络，其中
响应于接收到服务质量需求消息，通信网络根据所述至少一个服务质量要求而改变到馈线终端的无线回程的容量。
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