CN1077839A - 生产线虫天敌微生物的方法 - Google Patents

生产线虫天敌微生物的方法 Download PDF

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CN1077839A
CN1077839A CN93105401A CN93105401A CN1077839A CN 1077839 A CN1077839 A CN 1077839A CN 93105401 A CN93105401 A CN 93105401A CN 93105401 A CN93105401 A CN 93105401A CN 1077839 A CN1077839 A CN 1077839A
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nematode
natural enemy
soil
microbe
produce
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霞本隆德
川田弘志
池田琉璃子
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Nematech Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种生产线虫天敌微生物的有效方法,包括使用 粒径50—300μm的有机或无机载体作为植物培植土 壤。

Description

本发明涉及生产一种完全寄生的微生物的方法,该微生物是给作物植株带来灾害的植物寄生虫的天敌。
为了避免由线虫引起的灾害,通常使用化学控制方法或田地耕作控制方法。出于有效益的作物植株不得不连续播种耕作而造成的经济方面的考虑,一种便利低廉的化学控制方法已被广泛地使用。然而,考虑到由于用大量化学试剂处理而引起的环境污染,人们正研究使用天敌微生物作为新的控制方法。注意力尤其集中到巴斯德氏芽菌属(Pasteuria  spp.),即完全寄生于线虫的一群细菌,由于它们专一地寄生于特定具体的线虫,对热和化学物质具有相对高的抗性而能长期贮放,并且相当安全、使用方便。然而,使它们有效地寄生于线虫以及大量繁殖是极其困难的,因为它们是完全寄生菌并且不能运动。
为了繁殖这类微生物,通常使用的方法是将寄生有微生物的线虫接种栽种作物植株附近土壤,接着至少培育二个月,从根部提取增殖了的微生物。然而,产率很低,而且此方法对实际农业生产很难实际应用。近年来,R.D.Sharma  &  G.R.Stirling报导了用沙大量生产天敌微生物的方法(Nematologica  vol.37  No.4  Oct.1991  p483-484)。
进而,将由土壤杆菌属转化的植物根或将单纯的根系无菌接种至培养基上如琼脂介质上,然后向其中无菌接种寄生有微生物的线虫,在控制的条件下繁殖,这是可能的。然而,产率并比用泥土的方法高。
在日本高地作物植株的栽培通常在不适于作水稻田的田地进行,这是因为水的渗漏。例如称作黑火山灰土壤的洪积火山灰土壤的田地或冲积的沙肥土或沙土壤。与适用水稻田的粘土肥土相比,这些土壤易于受线虫侵害,这是为人熟知的。然而,即使使用这类适用于高地作物植株的土壤,大量生产天敌微生物的效率仍是不够的。即,就算从土壤表面使用线虫并以水浇灌,或甚至将线虫与泥土混合,要使线虫均一地穿透整个根系是不可能的,并且穿透率也不够。
本发明的发明者已发现,通常使用无机或有机栽体作为植株栽培土壤并挑选栽培土壤的粒子大小,增加穿透植株的带微生物的线虫的数量,是有可能的。
基于此发现,并于天敌微生物产率的一项研究已经进行,并已发现,通过挑选载体粒子的大小必定能有效地生产天敌微生物。基于这些发现本发明得以完成。
本发明提供了一种用于有效地生产线虫天敌微生物的方法,包括使用粒径50-300um的无机或有机载体作为植物培植土壤。
即,能够通过将带有天敌微生物的线虫接种于培植土壤表面上,接着以水灌溉,或将这种线虫与培植土壤充分地混合,接着在一适宜温度控制下培育,由此大量生产天敌微生物。
用于本发明的线虫,优选根瘤线虫或囊尾线虫,它寄生于植物根内。植物所以是所选线虫寄生的任何植物。
使用的无机载体可以是例如海沙,河沙,山地沙,硅石沙和得自例如煤或焦炭燃烧残余物的微球(水可漂浮小球),或玻璃小球。作为有机载体,可以例如是煤粉。
考虑到粒径,含有至少50%(重量)的粒径为50-300um的无机或有机载体的材料是优选的。
下面,参照实施例说明本发明。然而,应该理解,本发明不能被这些具体实施例所限制。
实施例1
培植土壤粒径的不同决定带有天敌微生物的线虫进入植物根的穿透能力
在一粘土坛中,加入表1中所列的样品土壤,播种蕃茄种子。当栽培九天后二片叶子出现时,将带有天然微生物巴斯德氏芽菌的250条线虫施用于棵植株的土壤表面。
施用后,加入足够量的水分散土壤中的线虫。然后,将培养物保持20℃2天。2天后,分离植株使根不破坏并用15%安替佛民洗涤。然后,将其用水洗涤浸入酸性品红Fuchsine溶液并煮沸。当冷至一适宜温度,用酸性甘油脱色,计算穿透入每个样品根的线虫数目。对每一样品土壤,重复该实验4次。结果列于表1中。
表1
样品土壤 穿透入的线虫数
玻璃小珠  No.50No.70No.100No.150No.200No.400No.600No.800 16.329.857.044.538.80.30.00.0
过筛后的微球    52-300um 54.3
过筛后的河沙   52-300 65.8
玻璃珠的粒径分别如下:
No.50:37-63um
No.70:63-88um
No.100:105-125um
No.150:149-177um
No.200:177-250um
No.400:35-500um
No.600:500-710um
No.800:710-990um
实施例2通过沙育培植生产天敌微生物
向天敌微生物巴斯德氏芽菌悬浮液中加入根结线虫(Meloidog-yne  incognita),将该悬浮液在试管中于15℃静置过夜,使每条线虫带有约10个天敌微生物。将带有天然微生物的线虫约20,000条接入栽有一株蕃茄苗的1/10,000公亩面积的坛中,其中培植土壤为黑火山灰土壤或过筛的河沙。接种后,供给充足的水以分散土壤中的线虫。然后于25℃培育2个月。培育完后,收集根部并制均浆,滤除残余的根,在显微镜下计数生产出的天敌微生物。对每种样品土壤,该实验重复三次。结果列于表二中。
表2
样品土壤 每株秧苗生产微生物数量
黑火山灰土壤 3.1×108
过筛的河沙(52-300um) 6.0×109
根据本发明,有效地生产过去难以生产的作为植物寄生线虫的天敌的完全寄生菌,已成为可能。

Claims (2)

1、一种有效生产线虫天敌微生物的方法,其特征在于:包括使用粒径50-300um的有机或无机载体作为植物培植土壤。
2、一种有效生产线虫天敌微生物的方法,其特征在于:包括使用至少含有50%(重量)的如权利要求1所定义的载体,作为植物培植土壤。
CN93105401A 1992-04-28 1993-04-28 生产线虫天敌微生物的方法 Pending CN1077839A (zh)

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JP134454/92 1992-04-28
JP4134454A JPH0698759A (ja) 1992-04-28 1992-04-28 線虫の天敵微生物生産方法

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US5491081A (en) * 1994-01-26 1996-02-13 Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. Soybean cyst nematode resistant soybeans and methods of breeding and identifying resistant plants
US6096944A (en) * 1995-12-15 2000-08-01 Purdue Research Foundation Methods for conferring broad-based soybean cyst nematode resistance to a soybean line
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DE69322307T2 (de) 1999-04-29
AU3716693A (en) 1993-11-04
JPH0698759A (ja) 1994-04-12
BR9301668A (pt) 1993-11-03
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DE69322307D1 (de) 1999-01-14
MY108923A (en) 1996-11-30
AU663371B2 (en) 1995-10-05

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