CN107774990B - Silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder, preparation method and product - Google Patents

Silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder, preparation method and product Download PDF

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CN107774990B
CN107774990B CN201711024468.4A CN201711024468A CN107774990B CN 107774990 B CN107774990 B CN 107774990B CN 201711024468 A CN201711024468 A CN 201711024468A CN 107774990 B CN107774990 B CN 107774990B
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silicon
alloy
silicon carbide
composite powder
powder
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CN107774990A (en
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李珮豪
彭波
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Tianjin zoyuan New Material Technology Co.,Ltd.
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TIANJIN BAIENWEI NEW MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • B22F1/0003—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/065—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on SiC
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/067—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds comprising a particular metallic binder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
    • C22C32/0063—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on SiC
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0844—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid in controlled atmosphere
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/086—Cooling after atomisation
    • B22F2009/0868—Cooling after atomisation by injection of solid particles in the melt stream

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder, by adjusting the additional amount of silicon carbide and silicon, the wear-resisting property of the composite powder, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, thermal expansion coefficient, intensity is set to be adapted to different sliding/friction pair idol materials, abrasion is reduced, mechanical efficiency is improved.The preparation method of the composite powder provided by the invention, in conjunction with the raw material components, rapid cooling spraying and powder making technique is used under inert atmosphere conditions, the primary silicon crystallite dimension of the composite alloy powder of preparation is less than 10 μm, and include 1-20 μm of SiC particle, rapid cooling alloy powder, reduces the oxygen content of alloy powder under an inert atmosphere, make composite alloy pulverulent product that low oxygen content be presented, improves the comprehensive mechanical performance and wearability of product.In addition the product meets the part development trend of lightweight, micromation, has excellent heat conduction and heat radiation performance, and mechanical efficiency is greatly improved, and service life is also extended.

Description

Silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder, preparation method and product
Technical field
The invention belongs to powder metallurgical technologies, and in particular to a kind of silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite Powder, preparation method and product.
Background technique
For sliding/CONTACT WITH FRICTION class part, raw material used at present mainly based on steel iron type materials, but It is to consider from economy and material properties, although steel iron type materials can satisfy the performance requirement of the machine components, but use In sliding class and friction class part there is also very big shortcoming, specifically include: 1) Mohs' hardness of steel iron type materials is relatively low, such as iron Mohs' hardness be only 4-5 grades, be made after sliding or rubbing against class part be greater than its hardness hard particles produce relative sliding And when friction, it is easy to abrasion is generated, long-term abrasion will lead to the variation of the fit dimension of part, cause vibration, noise, and Reduce the mechanical efficiency etc. of mechanical structure；2) thermal conductivity of steel iron type materials is relatively low, and the thermal conductivity of iron is 84-90W/ (mK), And the thermal conductivity of stainless steel is only the one third of iron, thermal conductivity is relatively low to will lead to the heat generated during part sliding friction not It can distribute in time, under the operating condition of especially continuous HI high impact and top load, the excessive storage of heat will lead to the raising of mechanism temperature, There is adhesive wear in the excessively high sliding/CONTACT WITH FRICTION mating plate surface that may cause of local temperature, and part of damage simultaneously reduces machinery Efficiency.
The prior art is in order to solve the wearability that steel class slides or rubs against class part, often through sliding to steel class part Dynamic/surface of friction pair carries out plated film to solve technical problem, but the adhesive strength between plated film and bottom is weaker, and because heat is swollen The difference of swollen coefficient and under frequent impact and temperature fluctuation, plated film be easy from bottom surface remove, containing the compound of ceramic particle Plated film is then easy entrainment coarse granule hard ceramic particles, or because of ceramic particle aggregation during plated film, and abrades sliding/friction class pair Even part, and the complexity of coating process, high cost and characteristic not environmentally also limit being widely used for coating process.
Currently, as the lightness of mechanical structure (especially portable device), comfort, wearability, vibration damping drop Making an uproar etc., it is higher and higher to require, therefore more and more mechanical structures tend to that other light-duty, wear-resistant materials is selected to replace steel class Material.Aluminum or aluminum alloy is considered as a kind of ideal material for replacing iron, and aluminum or aluminum alloy has light-duty, reasonable strength and good The features such as processability got well, substitutes the machine components for being applied to shell, structure etc. for ferrous material, but conventional aluminium extensively Or the Mohs' hardness of aluminium alloy is relatively low, only 2.75 grades, is also easy to produce abrasion, therefore limits common aluminum or aluminum alloy in cunning Application in terms of dynamic/friction class part.
Summary of the invention
Based on problem above, one purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of resistance to high thermal conductivity, reasonable mechanical strength, height Mill property and wearability can be according to the material wear ability of sliding/friction pair idol material adjustable silicon carbide-mistakes in a certain range Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys Al alloy composite powder.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation of the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder Method.
The purpose of the present invention further include provide it is a kind of with the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder system Standby obtained sintered metal product.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder, the raw material including following weight percent:
5-50% silicon carbide；
And alloy compositions: the metallic additions of 20-60% silicon, 0.5-25%, surplus are aluminium；
The total amount of the silicon carbide and silicon is 25-70%.
Intermetallic compound can be formed between the metallic additions or between the metallic additions and silicon, aluminium.
Silicon carbide thermal expansion coefficient is small, and only 4 × 10-6/ DEG C, the thermal expansion for adjusting the composite powder can be played Coefficient, and the Mohs' hardness of silicon carbide reaches 9.5, is used to prepare the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon aluminium composite material powder, can be with Greatly improve the wearability of composite powder.When the additive amount of silicon carbide be lower than 5% when, the composite powder it is wear-resisting Property improve it is unobvious, and when the additive amount of silicon carbide be higher than 50% when, will be significantly lower than the composite powder briquettability Energy.
Silicon carbide according to the present invention-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder is added in the composite powder Silicon carbide partial size be 1-20 μm.When carborundum granularity is narrower than 1 μm, fine powder will tend to reunite, and be unfavorable for carborundum powder End is uniformly distributed；And when granularity is coarser than 20 μm, scuffing may be occasionally brought to sliding/friction pair, reduced and constituted adding for product Work, therefore the particle size range of silicon carbide powder is 1-20 μm.
Aluminium is the most important underlying metal of silicon carbide of the present invention-hyper eutectic silicon aluminium alloy, and aluminium has the low (2.7g/ of density cm3), high thermal conductivity (236W/ (mK)) and high specific heat capacity (0.88 × 103J/ (Kg DEG C)), it can be greatly reduced described compound The weight of material, and be in high thermal conductivity and thermal capacitance.Composition alloy is crossed by silicon, copper, magnesium, Tie Tong in aluminium and present component, and Base alloy as the composite powder.Although the thermal expansion coefficient of fine aluminium is higher, reach 23 × 10-6/ DEG C, but pass through The adjusting for combining silicon, this kind of low coefficient of thermal expansion materials quantity of silicon carbide, so that the thermal expansion coefficient of the composite powder In range 7.5-15 × 10-6/ DEG C in it is adjustable, and then closed with the thermal expansion coefficient of sliding/friction structure mating material Reason cooperation, such as thermal expansion coefficient 9.2-11.8 × 10 of cast iron-6/℃。
The thermal expansion coefficient of silicon is 4.2 × 10-6/ DEG C, it is the thermal expansion coefficient for adjusting composite powder of the present invention Essential element, in the material composition of composite powder of the present invention, the additive amount of silicon is in hypereutectic range, by In silicon-aluminium binary alloy, the silicone content that the eutectic point of silico-aluminum is 12%, the content of silicon is more than 12%, be will form hypereutectic Silico-aluminum, when the solidification of the binary silico-aluminum of fusing, silicon part more than 12% or more will be in process of setting with precipitating Silicon crystal grain mode occur, be defined as nascent silicon crystal grain since the Mohs' hardness of silicon reaches 7, the nascent silicon crystal grain Generate the wearability that can significantly improve the composite powder.It is separated out in composite powder of the present invention The crystallite dimension of primary silicon is 1-10 μm, if granularity is excessively thick, it would be possible to cause to scratch to sliding/friction pair idol surface, and reduce Constitute the machinability of product.
In the composite powder raw material components of the invention, the additive amount of silicon is 20-60%, can be by rapidly cold But the technical effect for forming nascent tiny, the uniform hyper eutectic silicon aluminium alloy of silicon crystal grain, enhances the composite powder Wearability, and it is extremely low to the abrasion of sliding/friction pair idol.If silicone content is lower than 20%, the primary silicon crystal grain distribution quantity of formation Few, wearability is insufficient for sliding/friction based article requirement, if its additive amount is greater than 60%, will significantly reduce The mouldability and ductility of the composite powder.
The granularity of the sic raw material and the size of nascent silicon crystal grain are limited to range above, impart the composite wood The machinability of product made of feed powder end can carry out machining using hard alloy or polycrystal diamond cutter, or use Skive is ground, attrition process, obtains the size, tolerance and surface appearance of final part by last processing Guarantee.
The type and content of the metallic additions then can according to the substantive purposes of the practical composite powder, The sliding prepared/CONTACT WITH FRICTION class part wearability, intensity and toughness reguirements carry out appropriate adjustment and selection.
Pass through the raw material of the above component: silicon carbide, silicon and intermetallic compound formation element and aluminum metal cooperate, preparation The resulting silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder has lightweight, high thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient certain It is adjustable in range, with reasonable mechanical strength, high-wearing feature and to excellent the making to sliding/friction pair idol material low abrasion Use performance.
Silicon carbide according to the present invention-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder, the metallic additions include 1.0- One or more of 12% bronze medal, 0.1-3.0% magnesium and 0.5-10% iron.
The addition of copper can make copper and other alloy compositions form solid solution during ageing treatment, improve the composite wood The intensity at feed powder end, the additive amount of copper are limited to 1.0-12%, can improve the composite powder intensity, toughness and at Type, if copper content is lower than 1.0%, the degree of improved strength is inadequate, will be with other alloy groups if copper content is more than 12% Member generates excessive intermetallic compound, causes brittleness to improve, weakens the mouldability of composite alloy.
The addition of magnesium can effectively improve the intensity of composite alloy, and magnesium accelerates to burn by becoming liquid phase during sintering Knot, while Mg is separated out during ageing treatment2Si improves the intensity of wearability.If the content of magnesium in ingredient is lower than 0.1%, then the magnesium added cannot obtain desired effect, and content of magnesium is higher than 3.0%, then the increase rate of effect will not be further It is promoted, therefore the additive amount of magnesium is 0.1-3.0%.
The addition of iron can be played the role of improving heat resistance and improve elevated temperature strength, if iron content quantity is lower than 0.5%, Then effect is unobvious, and is higher than 10%, then will constitute a large amount of iron-Al intermetallics, material is made to become fragile, and mouldability reduces.
Silicon carbide according to the present invention-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder, the hypereutectic sial of silicon carbide-close The thermal expansion coefficient of metal/composite material powder is 7.5-15 × 10-6/℃.The thermal expansion coefficient of the composite powder can lead to Overregulate the additive amount of silicon carbide and silicon, carry out free adjusting within the above range, with sliding/friction structure antithesis material The thermal expansion coefficient of material is rationally cooperated, and causes fit clearance between mating plate because thermal expansion coefficient is detuning without will cause Variation, it is suppressed that resistance fluctuation improves mechanical efficiency.
Silicon carbide according to the present invention-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder, the hypereutectic sial of silicon carbide-close The granularity of metal/composite material powder is 10-200 μm.The granularity of the obtained composite powder be limited to 10-200 μm it Between, it can be when using composite powder production product, under aluminium alloy liquidus temperature sintering state below, hard Grain keeps in situ without migrating, and therefore, hard particles are in equally distributed isotropic state, eliminate and commonly pour The phenomenon that casting obtains the hard phase segregation that the product is often presented, roughening, precipitating and gathers.
The present invention also provides a kind of silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder preparation methods, including Following steps:
(1) alloy compositions are melted to obtain alloy melting line；
(2) alloy compositions are sprayed with high velocity inert gas and melts line, alloy compositions fusing line atomization generates The drop injection stream of alloy compositions；
(3) implantation silicon carbide powder in Xiang Suoshu drop injection stream；
(4) will be cooling by air-flow through step (3) treated drop injection stream, the solidification drop of acquisition is collected, is obtained The alloy powder of solidification to get arrive the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder；Exist in the alloy powder The nascent silicon crystal grain that precipitating obtains；
Step (1)-(4) operation carries out under an inert atmosphere.
The silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder alloy powder is sieved, its granularity is accorded with 10-200 μm of particle size range is closed, the particle size range can satisfy the performance requirement of metal powder sintered product.
The silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder preparation method, using the urgency under inert atmosphere But spraying and powder making technique matches atomization with the raw material components and makes powder quickly cooling, the protection of rapid cooling and inert atmosphere, in conjunction with The lesser surface area of composite powder atomized drop makes connecing for the composite powder and oxygen during the preparation process Touching probability substantially reduces, and reduces the high-temperature oxydation degree of atomized powder, the obtained composite powder shows well Mobility and mouldability, and oxygen content is low, can be using any ordinary powder metallurgy method processing machinery performance, heat resistance and resistance to The adjustable aluminum product of mill property.
In addition, the preparation method is used cooperatively the metallic additions copper/magnesium/iron, it is first compared to rare earth is used The metal elements such as element and titanium, greatly reduce the byproduct content of the composite powder, and the metallic additions add Enter to make the fusing point of the alloy compositions to reduce, suitable for the urgency carried out under the inert atmosphere using preparation method of the present invention Quickly cooling but spraying and powder making technique.
In the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder preparation method, the inert atmosphere is used Gas be nitrogen, argon gas or helium etc..
Silicon carbide according to the present invention-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder preparation method, in step (1), The temperature of the alloy melting line is 850-1200 DEG C, if alloy melting line temperature is excessively high, the viscosity of melt becomes smaller, and causes Drop size is meticulous；And temperature is too low, some component elements have already appeared precipitating, then would be possible to nascent silicon crystal grain occur inclined Slightly, simultaneously, it is also possible to the phenomenon that causing the spray nozzle clogging of injection.Under normal circumstances, the temperature of the alloy melting line is low The fusion temperature for melting the alloy compositions in step (1).
Silicon carbide according to the present invention-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder preparation method, in step (4), The setting rate of the drop is 104K/sec or more.The hypereutectic sial in addition to silicon carbide may be implemented in the setting rate Nascent silicon crystal grain in alloy rapidly solidifies, and controls the crystallite dimension of the primary silicon at 1-10 μm.
The present invention also provides products made from the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder.
Article according to the invention is being lower than the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon aluminium alloy by powder metallurgy manufacture craft By sintering under the sintering temperature of the liquidus curve of composite powder, the product is made.The composite alloy powder can To be used for various conventional powder metallurgical techniques, including hot isostatic pressing method, isostatic cool pressing-vaccum sintering process, sintering pressure sintering, cold Pressure-pressure sintering, cold pressing-hot extrusion method, cold pressing-vaccum sintering process, cold pressing-sintering-forging method etc..The product obtained can be with In billet, semi-finished product, close to the diversified forms such as net shape and net shape.
Article according to the invention, the product, which may also pass through, to be heat-treated to further increase the mechanical performance of product, Such as solution treatment, water quenching and ageing treatment, the temperature of the solution treatment and ageing treatment are excessively total lower than the silicon carbide- The liquidus temperature of crystal silicon Al alloy composite powder.
Sintering temperature, solid solution temperature and the aging temperature of the product are below the composite powder Liquidus temperature, therefore, silicon crystal grain of coming into being present in the composite material, is not in fusing/crystallization again, so described Nascent silicon crystal grain in composite powder product is retained.Since carborundum granularity range is 1- in composite alloy ingredient 20 μm, the grain size range of primary silicon is 1-10 μm, therefore imparts the machinability of made product, can use hard Alloy or polycrystal diamond cutter carry out machining, or are ground with skive, attrition process, and last machine is passed through Processing, makes the size, tolerance and surface appearance of final part be guaranteed.
The product includes but is not limited to:
Auto parts: cylinder sleeve, piston, connecting rod etc.；Pumps component, inside engaged gear, external gear pump etc.；
Air-conditioning part: such as compressor piston, valve block, slide plate；
And sliding/friction parts of other every field.
The invention has the benefit that
A kind of silicon carbide provided by the invention-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder by the way that silicon carbide is added, and is adjusted The additional amount of whole silicon carbide and silicon, and then the total amount of silicon carbide and nascent silicon crystal grain is had adjusted, the composite wood is improved to reach Wear-resisting property, thermal conductivity and the specific heat capacity at feed powder end adjust thermal expansion coefficient, the wearability, intensity of the composite material, with suitable Different sliding/friction pair idol materials are answered, do not cause fit clearance between mating plate to change because thermal expansion coefficient is detuning, Bu Huiyin The wearability of sliding/friction pair idol material is different and causes sliding/friction pair serious wear, while providing for sliding/friction pair Especially under HI high impact and top load height caused by sliding/frictional heat can be greatly reduced in heat storage and heat dissipation channel System temperature maintains sliding/friction vice division chief even running under low temperature field, reduces abrasion and improves mechanical effect Rate.
The silicon carbide provided by the invention-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder preparation method, in conjunction with described Raw material components, use rapid cooling spraying and powder making technique under inert atmosphere conditions, and rapid cooling atomization obtains the composite wood Expect that extremely low oxygen content or anaerobic state are presented inside alloy powder, and byproduct is few in the obtained composite powder, more Be conducive to improve the mechanical performance of the product prepared by the composite powder.
Using sintered metal product made from the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder, meet light weight Change, the components development trend of micromation, wearability with higher and excellent heat conduction and heat radiation performance, mechanical efficiency are able to It greatly improves, service life is also extended.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, technical solution of the present invention will be carried out below Detailed description.Obviously, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Base Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained all without making creative work Other embodiment belongs to the range that the present invention is protected.
Embodiment 1
The present invention provides a kind of silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder, and raw material is according to weight percent, packet Include following components: 5% silicon carbide；
And alloy compositions: 60% silicon, 0.5% iron and 34.5% aluminium.
The partial size of silicon carbide in the composite powder is 1-20 μm；
The crystallite dimension of the nascent silicon crystal grain separated out in the composite powder is 1-10 μm.
The silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder thermal expansion coefficient is 7.5 × 10-6/℃。
The silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder granularity is 10-200 μm.
The silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder preparation method, comprising the following steps:
(1) alloy compositions are melted to obtain alloy melting line, the temperature of the alloy melting line is 850 DEG C；
(2) alloy compositions are sprayed with high velocity inert gas and melts line, alloy compositions fusing line atomization generates The drop injection stream of alloy compositions；
(3) implantation silicon carbide powder in Xiang Suoshu drop injection stream；
(4) will be cooling by air-flow through step (3) treated drop injection stream, the solidification drop of acquisition is collected, is obtained The alloy powder of solidification obtains the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder；The setting rate of the drop is 104K/sec or more；
Step (1)-(4) operation carries out in a nitrogen atmosphere.
Product made from the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder, the product pass through powder metallurgy Manufacture craft, under the sintering temperature lower than the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder liquidus temperature It is made by being sintered.
Embodiment 2
The present invention provides a kind of silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder, and raw material is according to weight percent, packet Include following components: 50% silicon carbide；
And alloy compositions: 20% silicon, 1.0% bronze medal, 2.0% magnesium and 27% aluminium.
The partial size of silicon carbide in the composite powder is 1-20 μm；
The crystallite dimension of the nascent silicon crystal grain separated out in the composite powder is 1-10 μm.
The silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder thermal expansion coefficient is 12.6 × 10-6/℃。
The silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder granularity is 10-200 μm.
The silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder preparation method, comprising the following steps:
(1) alloy compositions are melted to obtain alloy melting line, the temperature of the alloy melting line is 1200 DEG C；
(2) alloy compositions are sprayed with high velocity inert gas and melts line, alloy compositions fusing line atomization generates The drop injection stream of alloy compositions；
(3) implantation silicon carbide powder in Xiang Suoshu drop injection stream；
(4) will be cooling by air-flow through step (3) treated drop injection stream, the solidification drop of acquisition is collected, is obtained The alloy powder of solidification obtains the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder；The setting rate of the drop is 104K/sec；
(5) the solidified superalloy powder of step (4) is sieved, makes the compound final granularity for carrying out product preparation of its granularity It is required that.
Step (1)-(4) operation carries out in a nitrogen atmosphere.
Product made from the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder, the product pass through ordinary powder Metallurgical manufacture craft, solution treatment and ageing treatment are being lower than the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder By being sintered under the sintering temperature of liquidus temperature, the temperature of the solution treatment and ageing treatment is lower than the silicon carbide-mistake The liquidus temperature of Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys Al alloy composite powder.
Embodiment 3
The present invention provides a kind of silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder, and raw material is according to weight percent, packet Include following components: 5% silicon carbide；
And alloy compositions: 20% silicon, 12% bronze medal, 3.0% magnesium, 10% iron and 50% aluminium.
The partial size of silicon carbide in the composite powder is 1-20 μm；
The crystallite dimension of the nascent silicon crystal grain separated out in the composite powder is 1-10 μm.
The silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder thermal expansion coefficient is 15 × 10-6/℃。
The silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder granularity is 10-200 μm.
The silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder preparation method, comprising the following steps:
(1) alloy compositions are melted to obtain alloy melting line, the temperature of the alloy melting line is 1050 DEG C；
(2) alloy compositions are sprayed with high velocity inert gas and melts line, alloy compositions fusing line atomization generates The drop injection stream of alloy compositions；
(3) implantation silicon carbide powder in Xiang Suoshu drop injection stream；
(4) will be cooling by air-flow through step (3) treated drop injection stream, the solidification drop of acquisition is collected, is obtained The alloy powder of solidification obtains the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder；
The setting rate of the drop is 5 × 104K/sec；
(5) the solidified superalloy powder of step (4) is sieved, makes the compound final granularity for carrying out product preparation of its granularity It is required that.
Step (1)-(4) operation carries out under an argon atmosphere.
Product made from the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder, the product pass through powder metallurgy Manufacture craft, under the sintering temperature lower than the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder liquidus temperature It is made by being sintered.
Product made from the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder, the product pass through powder metallurgy Manufacture craft, solution treatment and ageing treatment are being lower than the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder liquid phase By being sintered under the sintering temperature of line temperature, the temperature of the solution treatment and ageing treatment is hypereutectic lower than the silicon carbide- The liquidus temperature of silico-aluminum composite powder.
Embodiment 4
The present invention provides a kind of silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder, and raw material is according to weight percent, packet Include following components: 25% silicon carbide；
And alloy compositions: 30% silicon, 6% bronze medal, 0.1% magnesium, 3.6% iron and 40.7% aluminium.
The partial size of silicon carbide in the composite powder is 1-20 μm；
The crystallite dimension of the nascent silicon crystal grain separated out in the composite powder is 1-10 μm.
The silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder thermal expansion coefficient is 10.2 × 10-6/℃。
The silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder granularity is 10-200 μm.
The silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder preparation method, comprising the following steps:
(1) alloy compositions are melted to obtain alloy melting line, the temperature of the alloy melting line is 985 DEG C；
(2) alloy compositions are sprayed with high velocity inert gas and melts line, alloy compositions fusing line atomization generates The drop injection stream of alloy compositions；
(3) implantation silicon carbide powder in Xiang Suoshu drop injection stream；
(4) will be cooling by air-flow through step (3) treated drop injection stream, the solidification drop of acquisition is collected, is obtained The alloy powder of solidification obtains the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder；The setting rate of the drop is 8.0×104K/sec；
(5) the solidified superalloy powder of step (4) is sieved, makes the compound final granularity for carrying out product preparation of its granularity It is required that.
Step (1)-(4) operation carries out under helium atmosphere.
Product made from the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder, the product pass through powder metallurgy Manufacture craft passes through under the sintering temperature lower than the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder liquidus curve Sintering is made.
Product made from the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder, the product pass through powder metallurgy Manufacture craft, solution treatment and ageing treatment are being lower than the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder liquid phase By being sintered under the sintering temperature of line, the temperature of the solution treatment and ageing treatment is lower than the hypereutectic sial of the silicon carbide- The liquidus curve of alloy composite powder.
Experimental example
The product that above embodiments 1-4 is obtained has the following performance feature:
1) lightweight, density 2.5-2.9g/cm3；
2) reasonable mechanical strength, especially elevated temperature strength and high temperature stability；
3) high thermal conductivity: 130-200W/mK；
4) thermal expansion coefficient is in 7.5-15 × 10-6/ DEG C within the scope of it is adjustable；
5) high-wearing feature；
6) to sliding/friction pair idol material low abrasion.
To the density of the obtained product of embodiment 1-4, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient and sliding/friction machinery Performance is compared with the physics of material used in common sliding/friction parts, engineering properties, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
As can be seen from Table 1, with sliding made from traditional grey cast-iron or 304 stainless steels/CONTACT WITH FRICTION class part phase Than the density of present invention product as made from the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder is light and thermally conductive Rate is high, thermal expansion coefficient is adjustable in a certain range, can sufficiently be regulated and controled according to the secondary material of friction, with excellent wear-resisting Performance is low to the wear rate for sliding or rubbing against antithesis.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any Those familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can easily think of the change or the replacement, and should all contain Lid is within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the described claims.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder, which is characterized in that the original including following weight percent Material:
5-50% silicon carbide；
Alloy compositions: the metallic additions of 20-60% silicon, 0.5-25%, surplus are aluminium；
The total amount of the silicon carbide and silicon is 25-70%；
The metallic additions include one or more of 1.0-12% copper, 0.1-3.0% magnesium and 0.5-10% iron；
The partial size of the silicon carbide is 1-20 μm；
Nascent silicon crystal grain is separated out in the composite powder, the crystallite dimension of the primary silicon is 1-10 μm；
Wherein, the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder preparation method includes the following steps:
(1) alloy compositions are heated to 850-1200 DEG C of fusing and obtain alloy melting line；
(2) alloy compositions are sprayed with high velocity inert gas and melts line, by alloy compositions fusing line atomization, generate alloy The drop injection stream of component；
(3) implantation silicon carbide powder in Xiang Suoshu drop injection stream；
(4) will through step (3) treated drop injection stream by air-flow with 104The speed of K/sec is cooling, collects the solidifying of acquisition Solid-liquid drop, the alloy powder solidified to get arrive the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder；
Step (1)-(4) operation carries out under an inert atmosphere.
2. silicon carbide according to claim 1-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder, which is characterized in that the carbon SiClx-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder granularity is 10-200 μm.
3. any silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder preparation method of claim 1-2, feature It is, comprising the following steps:
(1) alloy compositions are heated to 850-1200 DEG C of fusing and obtain alloy melting line；
(2) alloy compositions are sprayed with high velocity inert gas and melts line, by alloy compositions fusing line atomization, generate alloy The drop injection stream of component；
(3) implantation silicon carbide powder in Xiang Suoshu drop injection stream；
(4) will through step (3) treated drop injection stream by air-flow with 104The speed of K/sec is cooling, collects the solidifying of acquisition Solid-liquid drop, the alloy powder solidified to get arrive the silicon carbide-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder；
Step (1)-(4) operation carries out under an inert atmosphere.
4. a kind of product, which is characterized in that use any silicon carbide of claim 1-2-hyper eutectic silicon aluminium alloy compound material Feed powder end is made.
5. product according to claim 4, which is characterized in that by powder metallurgy manufacture craft, be lower than the carbonization It is made under the sintering temperature of silicon-hyper eutectic silicon Al alloy composite powder liquidus temperature by sintering.
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