CN107769549A - 一种集成电路 - Google Patents

一种集成电路 Download PDF

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CN107769549A
CN107769549A CN201710902740.8A CN201710902740A CN107769549A CN 107769549 A CN107769549 A CN 107769549A CN 201710902740 A CN201710902740 A CN 201710902740A CN 107769549 A CN107769549 A CN 107769549A
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voltage
patterns
smps
circuit
integrated circuit
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颜永智
帕特里克·史丹利·里尔
哈斯南·阿克拉姆
阿南德·萨慕斯
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MediaTek Singapore Pte Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05FSYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/56Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • G05F1/575Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices characterised by the feedback circuit
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14Inductive couplings
    • H02J5/005
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H04B5/79
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05FSYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/56Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0045Converters combining the concepts of switch-mode regulation and linear regulation, e.g. linear pre-regulator to switching converter, linear and switching converter in parallel, same converter or same transistor operating either in linear or switching mode
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/2195Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration the switches being synchronously commutated at the same frequency of the AC input voltage
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

提供了一种在无线电源接收器集成电路(IC),该无线电源接收器集成电路中的电源路径可以被配置为低压差稳压器(LDO)、开关式电源(SMPS)或电源开关(PSW)。所有的三种模式共享相同的导通器件,以减小芯片面积;以及共享相同的输出端,以减少引脚。在感应式无线接收器中,电源路径能够被动态地编程为LDO模式或PSW模式,或者,能够被动态地编程为SMPS模式或PSW模式。在共振式或多模式无线接收器中,电源路径能够被动态地编程为SMPS模式或PSW模式。此外,为了实现高功率传输效率的性能,使用N沟道MOSFET作为其导通器件比P沟道MOSFET导通器件具有更好的效率和更小的芯片面积。

Description

一种集成电路
本申请为申请号为201580001291.9,申请日为2015年1月8日,发明名称为“具有可编程电源路径的无线电源接收器”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明通常涉及无线电源(Wireless power,WP),更特别地,涉及具有可编程(programmable)电源路径模式的无线电源接收器。
背景技术
无线电源传输系统(wireless power transfer system)利用两个磁性线圈之间的互感通过磁性感应传输功率(power)。在接收器侧,通常,接收线圈(receiver coil)连接至桥式整流器(bridge rectifier),该桥式整流器之后跟随着一稳压器(regulator)。桥式整流器将交流电信号(AC power signal)转换为直流电源(DC power supply),以及,稳压器将该直流电源调整至用于后续电路(如电池充电器)的合适的电压电平。无线电源系统通常分为感应(inductive)式或共振(resonant)式。在感应式无线电源系统中,无线发射器(wireless transmitter)和接收器(receiver)像紧密耦合的变压器(tightly couplingtransformer)一样操作,以传送能量。感应式中的限制使得它仅适用于同时给单个接收器(single receiver)充电。另一方面,在共振式无线电源系统中,功率传送是通过松耦合线圈对(loosely coupled coil pairs)以及利用电气共振来提高系统效率。接收器的数量可以增加且可以在相同领域中充电。
在无线电源接收器侧,电压调整(voltage regulation)用来将整流电压(rectifier voltage)降压(step-down)至用于后续的充电器电路的合适电压。在感应式的单个接收器无线电源系统中,此调整可以是低压差稳压器(Low dropout regulator,LDO)。LDO的效率由其输出输入比(output-to-input ratio)限定(define)。在单个接收器无线系统中,LDO的输入电压(该整流电压)可以被控制到非常接近于其输出电压,以及获得更高的功率效率(power efficiency)。功率控制是通过带内(in band)或带外(out-of-band)通信从接收器发送功率控制消息至发射器。
在共振式无线电源系统中,由于每个接收器具有不同耦合因子(couplingfactor)的线圈,因此,多个接收器不可能控制所有的整流电压都接近于目标充电电压。因此,该整流电压会远远高于稳压器的输出,这使得通过LDO的功率传输非常低效。因此,当电压降压比较大(large)时,为了更好的效率,应用开关式稳压器(SMPS)。
近年来,快速充电对于智能手机和平板应用越来越重要。越来越多的产品采用具有较大的充电电流(例如,>1A)来减小充电时间,这些产品已经在消费市场中推出。在快速充电中,充电器电路可以在比稳定电压(例如,~5V)更高的输入电压(例如,~20V)上充电。因此,通过电源开关(power switch,PSW),无线电源接收器可以将整流器的输出直接连接至快速充电的充电器。该电源开关用以控制一些无线电源标准所需要的无线充电的启动/停止(start/stop)。
在旨在支持具有快速充电功能的电感式和共振式的多模式(multi-mode)无线接收器的集成电路(integrated circuit,IC)中,这需要较大的芯片面积来分别实现LDO、SMPS和PSW的导通器件(pass device),以及,使得该集成电路的实现成本很高。一种更具成本效益的方法是通过共享相同的导通器件来实现上述LDO、SMPS和PSW。此外,为了实现高功率传输效率的性能,使用NMOS(N-channel metal oxide semiconductor,N沟道金属氧化物半导体)型场效应管(Field Effect Transistor,FET)作为它的导通器件比PMOS(P-channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor,P沟道金属氧化物半导体)型场效应管导通器件具有更好的效率和更小的芯片面积。
用于共享LDO、SMPS和PSW的NMOS导通器件的控制电路的实现需要不平凡的(non-trivial)偏置配置(biasing configuration)。自举(Bootstrapping)技术用于实现具有NMOS导通器件的SMPS的高端驱动(high-side driver)是公知的。在PSW模式或近压差操作的LDO模式中,需要一个用于给LDO和PSW的控制器供电的升压(step-up)电压。此升压电压可以通过片上电荷泵电路(on-chip charge pump circuit)实现。
寻求一种用于提供多模式无线接收器集成电路的解决方案,该多模式无线接收器集成电路支持电感式和共振式,具有快速充电功能、减少的成本以及提高的效率。
发明内容
在本发明中,提供了一种无线电源接收器集成电路,该无线接收器集成电路中的电源路径可以被配置为低压差稳压器(LDO)、开关式电源(switched-mode power supply,SMPS)或电源开关(PSW)。所有的三种模式共享相同的导通器件,以减小芯片面积;以及共享相同的输出端,以减少引脚。在感应式无线接收器中,电源路径可以被动态地(on the fly)编程为LDO模式或PSW模式。在共振式或多模式无线接收器中,电源路径可以被动态地编程为SMPS模式或PSW模式。此更具成本效益的方法通过共享相同的导通器件的方式来实现LDO、SMPS和PSW。此外,为了实现高功率传输效率的性能,使用N沟道MOSFET作为其导通器件比P沟道MOSFET导通器件具有更好的效率和更小的芯片面积。
在一实施例中,无线电源接收器集成电路包括第一整流输入端(AC1)、第二整流输入端(AC2)、整流输出端(VRECT),同步整流电路从第一整流输入端(AC1)和第二整流输入端(AC2)接收输入功率,以及输出一整流电压到整流输出端(VRECT)上,以及,可编程电压调节器耦接于整流输出端(VRECT),其中,可编程电压调节器被配置为作为开关式电源SMPS、低压差稳压器LDO和电源开关PSW中的其中一种操作,以及,该可编程电压调节器包括将输出电压输出到公共输出端(VOUT)上的公共导通器件。
在其中一种电路实现中,电荷泵用以提供升压(boosted)电压,以给LDO/PSW控制器供电。在另一电路实现中,该升压电压供给来源于高端N沟道MOSFET同步整流器的自举域。
在一新颖的方面中,在节电回路模式中,SMPS电压调节器高效率产生的电压输出用以给电源路径内的内部电路供电。在回路模式中,SMPS的输出被路由回接收器集成电路的回路端子上,以提供内部电源(internal power supply)。在一实施例中,回路开关嵌入在内部电源节点和回路端子之间。在激活SMPS电压调节器后,回路开关被接通(is turnedon)。由于此时的内部电源是通过SMPS电压调节器有效地提供,而不是由内部的LDO提供,因此,这提高了系统效率。通常,当电压降压比较大时,开关式调节器比LDO具有更好的效率。
在另一新颖的方面中,在仅使用N沟道器件的同步整流器中,使用低端比较器,低端开关(low-side switches)被有效地交叉耦合(cross-coupled),以及,高端开关(high-side switches)执行精确地零电压开关(zero-voltage-switching,ZVS)比较。每个自举域的充电路径是通过整流低端开关(rectifier low-side switches)完成的,该低端开关的每一个总是在独立加载的每半个周期中接通。由于a)每个自举域接收最大的充电时间;以及b)充电通过开关发生,而不是通过二极管发生,因此,此方案给出了整流效率增益。这些因素均确保了每个自举域完全充电,从而降低通过整流开关的传导损耗。此外,可以通常软件调整设置,以优化该整流器的电阻性或电容性损耗。利用芯片温度和操作频率的数据,软件可以创建回路,动态地调整整流器的设置,以实现最好的效率。
其它实施例和优点在下面的详细描述中进行描述。此概述并非旨在限定本发明。本发明由权利要求限定。
附图说明
图1根据一新颖方面说明一种具有可编程电源路径模式的无线电源接收器集成电路;
图2A示出了一种作为可编程的无线电源接收器的其中一种操作模式的电源开关,该电源开关具有NMOS导通器件;
图2B示出了一种作为可编程的无线电源接收器的其中一种操作模式的低压差稳压器,该低压差稳压器具有NMOS导通器件;
图2C示出了一种作为可编程的无线电源接收器的其中一种操作模式的开关式电源,该开关式电源具有NMOS导通器件;
图3示出了不同的电源路径模式及其用于不同类型的无线电源系统的适用性;
图4A示出了用于将电压调节器编程为SMPS模式或PSW模式的电源路径;
图4B示出了用于将电压调节器编程为LDO模式或PSW模式的电源路径;
图5示出了具有多模式电源路径的无线接收器集成电路的第一实施例;
图6示出了具有多模式电源路径的无线接收器集成电路的第二实施例;
图7根据一新颖方面示出了具有回路模式的无线接收器集成电路;
图8是根据一新颖方面的一种支持多模式电源路径的无线接收器集成电路的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
现在将详细给出参考信息至本发明的一些实施例,这些实施例中的示例在下面的附图中来说明。
图1根据一新颖方面说明具有集成电路的无线电源接收器100,该无线电源接收器100具有可编程的电源路径模式。无线电源接收器100包括接收线圈(receiver coil)101、匹配网络(match network)102和集成电路(integrated circuit,IC)110。集成电路110具有两个输入端AC1和AC2、用于输出一整流电压的整流输出端VRECT、接地端GND以及用于输出一输出电压(Vout)至外部电路的输出端VOUT。集成电路110包括同步整流电路(synchronous rectifier circuit)120、用于从整流电压提供内部供给电压V1的低压差稳压器(low dropout regulator,LDO)130、电压调节器(voltage regulator)140和辅助电路(auxiliary circuit)150,应当说明的是,低压差稳压器130为集成电路110所包括的内部电压调节器的一种示例,该内部电压调节器用于给该集成电路产生内部供给电压V1。辅助电路150进一步包括处理器(例如,微控制器(micro-controller,MCU))151、用于提供内部时钟(CLK)的振荡器(oscillator,OSC)152、过压和过温保护电路(over-voltage andover-temperature protection circuit,OV/OT)153、模数转换器(analog-to-digitalconverter,ADC)154、多工器(multiplexer,MUX)155、电流传感器(current sensor,I-Sense)156、温度传感器(temperature sensor,Temp)157和负温度系数热敏电阻(negativetemperature coefficient thermistor,NTC)158,其中,处理器151可以用于对可编程的电压调节器140进行编程。该辅助电路由低压差稳压器130在内部节点V1上提供的内部供给电压V1供电。
无线电源接收器100利用接收线圈101和匹配网络102将磁场能量转换为交流电能量。集成电路110从输入端AC1和AC2接收交流信号,然后将交流电转换为已整流的直流电压到输出端VRECT上,最终到输出端VOUT上的输出电压。
根据一新颖方面,集成电路110具有电压调节器140,电压调节器140的电源路径可以被配置为低压差稳压器(LDO)、开关式电源(SMPS)或电源开关(PSW)。所有的三种模式共享相同的导通器件,以减小芯片面积;以及共享相同的输出端,以减少引线脚(terminalpin)。在感应式无线接收器中(如感应式无线充电器),通过软件(software)或固件(firmware)的方式,上述电源路径可以被动态地重新编程为LDO模式或PSW模式;或者,被动态地编程为SMPS/PSW模式。在共振式或多模式无线接收器(如共振式无线充电器)中,通过软件或固件的方式,上述电源路径可以被动态地重新编程为SMPS模式或PSW模式。一种更具成本效益的方法是通过共享相同的导通器件来实现LDO、SMPS和PSW。此外,为了实现高电源传输效率的性能,利用N沟道MOSFET作为其导通器件比P沟道MOSFET导通器件具有更好的效率和更小的芯片面积。
图2A示出了一种作为可编程的无线电源接收器的其中一种操作模式的电源开关(PSW)210,该电源开关210具有N沟道MOSFET导通器件。在PSW模式中,该无线电源接收器将整流输出(Vrect)直接连接至快速充电的充电器。电源开关210包括升压电荷泵(step upcharge pump)211、PSW控制器212和电源开关器件,该电源开关器件为N沟道横向扩散金属氧化物半导体(N-channel Laterally Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor,LDNMOS)晶体管213。LDNMOS晶体管213被设计为承受(withstand)漏极-源极间(across the drain-to-source junction)的大电压应力。此类型的器件允许无线电源接收器操作在Vrect处,该Vrect高于MOSFET的栅氧化层击穿电压。为了驱动此LDNMOS电源开关器件213的栅极电压,须产生一个电压,该电压大约等于整流电压(Vrect)加上一个可被安全地施加在该器件栅极间的最大电压(此处标注为V1)。在这个习知的实现中,升压电荷泵211产生电压(Vrect+V1),以给PSW控制器212供电。PSW控制器212被设计为在LDNMOS导通器件最大允许的栅极-源极电压VGS处偏置LDNMOS导通器件213,以实现低导通电阻。
图2B示出了一种作为可编程的无线电源接收器的其中一种操作模式的低压差稳压器220,该低压差稳压器220具有LDNMOS导通器件。低压差稳压器220包括升压电荷泵221、LDO控制器222和LDNMOS晶体管223。LDO控制器222被设计为:通过将输出电压Vout反馈回LDO控制器222的方式,利用闭环控制来调整跨接在LDNMOS 223间的合适的VGS电压。LDO控制器222通过比较一反馈电压和一已知的参考电压Vref(例如,从带隙电路提供的内部电压)来调整VGS。在LDO压差条件下,当输出电压Vout非常接近于整流电压Vrect时,需要产生一个高于Vrect的电压,以控制导通器件LDNMOS 223的栅极电压。一种可能的实现是使用电荷泵电路221,该电荷泵电路221与图2A中用于电源开关210的升压电荷泵211相同。在感应式无线供电中,整流电压(Vrect)被设置为接近目标的LDO输出电压Vout。由于LDO电压调节器的效率大约等于输入电压Vrect除以输出电压Vout,因此,将该LDO操作在近(near)压差条件下允许电压调节器实现好的系统效率。
图2C示出了一种作为可编程的无线电源接收器的其中一种操作模式的开关式电源(SMPS)230,该开关式电源230具有N沟道MOSFET导通器件。这里所述的SMPS也称为降压型转换器(buck converter),其中,较高的输入电压Vrect经由该降压型转换器以及包括电感Lind和电容Cout的外部元件而被转换为较低的稳定电压(regulated voltage)Vreg。当电压降压比(从Vrect到Vreg)是大的时,SMPS操作模式适用于更好的效率。开关式电源230包括降压型控制器(buck mode controller)231、降压型预驱动器(buck mode pre-driver)232和LDNMOS233。由于开关式电源230的开关特性,自举电路(bootstrapping circuit)用来给降压型预驱动器232供电。该自举电路包括二极管235和升压电容(boost capacitor)Cboost。当输出电压Vout(BUCK_SW)为低时,V1通过二极管235给Cboost充电。预驱动器232操作在位于BUCK_SW和BUCK_BST之间的浮动电源域(floating power domain)。低端(lowside)导通器件可以是用于非同步(non-synchronous)开关式电源的功率二极管或用于同步开关式电源的LDNMOS导通器件。这里的描述使用具有功率二极管236的非同步开关式电源的配置(作为非限制性的示例)。
图3示出了不同的电源路径模式及其用于不同类型的无线电源系统的适用性。这些模式的任意一种适用于单个接收器充电系统。也许对于高电压、快速充电模式,双模式LDO/PSW接收器提供调节电压(regulate voltage)或通过未调节电压(unregulatedvoltage)的选项。对于感应/共振双模式无线充电系统,电源路径可以被设置为SMPS/PSW模式。PSW模式提供良好的效率而无需使用外部电感,但后续阶段须能够忍受宽电压范围。因此,PSW模式不适用于在期望有良好控制的电压的系统中使用,如在有线充电系统的通常情形中。
图4A示出了用于将电压调节器编程为SMPS模式或PSW模式的电源路径的一实施例。图4B示出了用于将电压调节器编程为LDO模式或PSW模式的电源路径的另一实施例。在这两个实施例中,图1的集成电路110包括可编程电压调节器(programmable voltageregulator)140。可编程电压调节器140进一步包括SMPS控制器(和预驱动器)410、PSW模式控制器420、LDO模式控制器430、导通器件440、用于自举的二极管441以及低端导通器件(low side pass device)442。电压调节器140属于无线电源接收器的集成电路110。在集成电路110外部的元件包括自举电容Cboost、电感Lind和解耦电容Cout。
电压调节器140的电源路径提供LDO模式、SMPS模式和PSW模式,以及这三种模式共享相同的NMOS型导通器件440。上述三个控制器的输出被连接到一起,且连接至NMOS型导通器件440的栅极。当无线接收器系统开始操作时,多模式接收器的集成电路首先检测它是否在感应式或共振式下操作。例如,无线接收器的集成电路110的同步整流器120能够检测交流信号频率,并基于该频率确定是感应式还是共振式,如,100k-200kHz为感应式,6.78MHz为共振式。
在图4A的示例中,电压调节器140的电源路径被编程为SMPS模式或PSW模式,用于共振式或感应式无线功率接收。外部的电感(Lind)和解耦电容(Cout)为SMPS模式操作所需要的。在PSW模式中,直接连接至解耦电容Cout或通过电感Lind连接至解耦电容Cout都能够正常工作。对于共振式接收器,LDO模式控制器430是关闭的。
在图4B的示例中,电压调节器140的电源路径被编程为LDO模式或PSW模式,用于感应式无线功率接收。在LDO模式中,LDO的输出直接连接至解耦电容(Cout),而不需要庞大而昂贵的外部电感(Lind)。在PSW模式中,直接连接至解耦电容Cout或通过电感Lind连接至解耦电容Cout都能够正常工作。对于感应式接收器,SMPS控制器(和预驱动器)410是关闭的。
利用图4A和图4B的配置,在接收器集成电路110上的软件/固件(例如,经由微控制器(MCU)151)可以将电源路径动态地编程为SMPS模式或PSW模式,或者,将该电源路径动态地编程为用于感应式操作的LDO模式或PSW模式。在一示例中,多模式接收器的集成电路基于外部的充电电路是否支持在较高的输入电压(如,~20V)上进行快速充电来确定是否将电源路径编程为PSW模式。请注意:由于导通器件(LDNMOS 440)需要传递大功率至输出,因此,该导通器件在无线接收器的硅芯片面积中占主导地位(dominate)。利用N沟道MOSFET作为其导通器件比P沟道MOSFET导通器件具有更好的效率和更小的芯片面。此外,由于所有的三种模式共享相同的N沟道MOSFET导通器件,从而,支持多模式的上述电路的芯片面积开销是小的。此外,所有的三种模式共享相同的输出端VOUT,以支持具有减少的引线脚的总数量。
图5示出了具有多模式电源路径的无线接收器集成电路110的第一实施例。此电路可以应用在整流电压高于上述允许的用于该集成电路的栅极-源极电压(VGS)的情形中。所述LDNMOS导通器件能够容忍大的漏极-源极电压(VDS),而VGS容限(tolerance)受内部电压(V1)的限制并由其提供。SMPS模式预驱动器和PSW模式控制器中的驱动逻辑电路由普通的MOSFET器件组成,从而,它们的漏极-源极电压具有与它们的栅极-源极电压(V1)相同的极限值。
升压电荷泵501用于提供一升压电压(Vrect+V1),以给LDO模式控制器430和降压缓冲(step-down buffer)502供电。降压缓冲502用于产生电压(VBUCK_SW+V1),以供给PSW模式控制器420,且被有线连接至BUCK_BST。在LDO模式上,SMPS模式预驱动器410和PSW模式控制器420是关闭的(are disable),且设置其输出为高阻态(high impedance)。通过降压缓冲给SMPS模式预驱动器410和PSW模式控制器420供电能够保证逻辑电平的正确性,以及防止从控制器的输出至其电源的反向漏电流路径。在SMPS模式上,降压缓冲502的输出是浮动的,以及,自举电路(包括二极管441和升压电容Cboost)产生BUCK_BST电压。PSW模式控制器和LDO模式控制器的输出被设置在高阻态状态。在PSW模式上,降压缓冲502被启用,以给PSW控制器420和SMPS模式预驱动器410供电。SMPS模式预驱动器410和LDO模式控制器430的输出被禁用,且被设置为高阻态。通过上述配置,这三种电源路径模式可以操作上述相同的N沟道MOSFET导通器件440,而不相互干扰。
图6示出了具有多模式电源路径的无线接收器集成电路110的第二实施例。图6的操作与先前提出的图5中的架构类似。但是,图5中的升压电荷泵501被图6中简化的交流-直流(AC-DC)整流电路601替代。AC1_BST和AC2_BST是来自图1的全(fully)同步整流电路120的自举域电源(bootstrapping domain power)。AC1_BST和AC2_BST分别跟踪AC1和AC2加上上述电压V1。集成电路110的完全同步整流电路120在此处被电压调节器140重复利用,以实现简易的(simple)升压电荷泵。该简化的交流-直流整流电路601包括二极管611、二极管612和电容613。该简化的交流-直流整流电路601产生电压VRECT_BST,其电平大约为VRECT+V1。VRECT_BST用于给LDO模式控制器430和降压缓冲502供电。假定所有二极管的正向电压(forward voltage)与V1相比足够小,及此处可以忽略。在图6所示的实施例中,同步整流器120的电路结构的安排如图6左下角所示,具有自举的全同步整流器120包括两个半桥整流(rectifier half bridge),每个半桥整流包括整流高端预驱动器(RECT HS Pre-DRIVER)和整流低端预驱动器(RECT LS Pre-DRIVER)。
图7根据一新颖方面示出了具有集成电路的无线接收器700,该无线接收器具有回路(loopback)模式。无线电源接收器700包括接收线圈701、匹配网络702和集成电路(IC)710。集成电路710具有两个输入端AC1和AC2、用于输出一整流电压(Vrect)的输出端VRECT、接地端GND、用于输出一输出电压(Vout)至外部电路的输出端VOUT以及用于将调整电压(Vreg)反馈回集成电路710的回路端LP。集成电路710包括同步整流电路720、用于从整流电压Vrect提供内部供给电压V1的低压差稳压器(LDO)730、SMPS电压调节器740和辅助电路750。辅助电路750进一步包括处理器(如微控制器(MCU))751、用于提供内部时钟(CLK)的振荡器(OSC)752、过压和过温保护电路(OV/OT)753、模数转换器(ADC)754、多工器(MUX)755、电流传感器(I-Sense)756、温度传感器(Temp)757和负温度系数热敏电阻(NTC)758。该辅助电路由低压差稳压器730在内部节点V1上提供的内部供给电压V1供电。
无线接收器700利用接收线圈701和匹配网络702将磁场能量转换为交流电能量。集成电路710从输入端AC1和AC2接收交流信号,然后将交流电转换为整流的直流电压到整流输出端VRECT上,最终到输出端VOUT上的输出电压。该输出电压可以经由包括电感(Lind)和解耦电容(Cout)的外部元件被调节。
通常,V1是能够被安全地施加在上述器件栅极间的最大电压,以及,通常通过内部的低压差稳压器(如,低压差稳压器(LDO)730)从整流电压Vrect调节得来。除给SMPS电压调节器740的驱动电路和同步整流器720供电外,V1也用于给集成电路710的辅助电路750供电。由于该低压差稳压器的效率大约等于输入电压除以输出电压,因此,操作该低压差稳压器在近压差条件允许该低压差稳压器实现好的系统效率。因此,当输入电压远高于输出电压时,LDO电压调节器的系统效率变得很差。
根据一新颖方面,在SMPS电压调节器740已被激活后,可以使用节电的回路模式。如图7所示,在回路模式中,SMPS的输出被路回到接收器集成电路710的端子LP上,以在节点V1上提供电压。这通过在节点V1和端子LP之间嵌入(insert)回路开关760来实现。若调整电压Vreg基本上等于电压V1(例如,两电压为:~5V),则在激活SMPS电压调节器740后开启回路开关760。由于此时的电压V1是通过SMPS电压调节器740更有效地提供,而不是由在V1/Vrect的功效上的LDO 730提供,因此提高了系统效率。通常,当电压降压比较大时,开关模式调节器与LDO相比,操作具有更好地效率。另一方面,若调整电压Vreg远高于电压V1,则回路开关760被关闭,以及,内部供给电压V1由LDO 730提供。在一实施例中,上述回路开关可以由P沟道MOSFET来实现。
图8是根据一新颖方面的一种用于支持多模式电源路径的无线接收器集成电路的方法的流程图。在步骤801中,同步整流器电路接收输入功率(input power),并输出一整流电压到集成电路的整流输出端VRECT上。该集成电路包括可编程电压调节器,该电压调节器的电源路径可以被配置为LDO、SMPS或PSW。在步骤802中,在第一模式中,经由耦接于整流输出端VRECT的低压差稳压器(LDO),集成电路将输出电压输出到输出端VOUT上。在步骤803中,在第二模式中,经由耦接于整流输出端VRECT的开关式电源(SMPS),集成电路将输出电压输出到VOUT上。在步骤804中,在第三模式中,经由耦接于整流输出端VRECT的电源开关(PWS),集成电路将输出电压输出到VOUT上。在步骤805中,集成电路动态地编程该电压调节器,以操作在上述三种模式的其中一种中,其中,上述SMPS、上述LDO和上述PWS共享一公共的(common)导通器件,该导通器件将上述输出电压输出至集成电路的公共输出端VOUT上。
在SMPS模式中,输出电压用于通过外部电感提供一调整电压。在步骤806中,若该调整电压与内部供给电压大致相同,则应用回路模式,以将该调整电压路由至集成电路。当电压降压比为大时,由于开关式调节器(如SMPS)比LDO具有更好的效率,因此,回路模式提高了系统效率。该回路模式可以通过开关(如P沟道MOSFET)来实现,该开关能够基于上述已调整电压开启和关闭。
尽管本发明已经结合用于指导目的的某些特定实施例进行了描述,但本发明不限于此。因此,对所描述实施例的各种特征的各种变型、改编以及组合可以被实施,而不脱离权利要求书中所阐述的本发明的范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种集成电路,包括:
同步整流电路,接收输入功率,以及将整流电压输出到整流输出端上;
开关式电源SMPS,耦接于该整流输出端,其中,该SMPS提供一输出电压到输出端上;
低压差稳压器LDO,耦接于该整流器输出端,用于根据所述整流电压产生内部供给电压到内部供给电压节点上,其中,所述内部供给电压节点与所述同步整流电路和所述开关式电源SMPS耦接,所述内部供给电压对所述同步整流器和所述开关式电源SMPS供电;
其中,该开关式电源SMPS的该输出电压用于产生一调整电压到回路端子上;该集成电路还包括:
回路开关,耦接该回路端子和该内部供给电压节点之间。
2.如权利要求1所述的集成电路,其特征在于,当该调整电压等于该内部供给电压时,该回路开关被开启。
3.如权利要求1所述的集成电路,其特征在于,当该调整电压高于该内部供给电压时,该回路开关被关闭。
4.如权利要求1所述的集成电路,其特征在于,该回路开关为P沟道MOSFET。
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