CN107759818A - 一种超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面的制备方法，属于表面加工处理技术领域。本发明将氯化钠或氯化钾、醋酸锌溶解于水中，然后加入聚四氟乙烯乳液和氧化锌纳米棒并混合均匀得到制模液；将制模液均匀涂覆在基底表面，置于温度不高于100℃的条件下干燥，再置于温度为330~380℃条件下煅烧20~40min即得聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜；将聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜置于乙酸水溶液中浸泡处理20~40min，取出并烘干；将烘干的聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜撑起不小于5°的角，将润滑液滴至聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜顶端使润滑液自然流下并覆盖聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜的表面即得超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面。本发明方法制得的超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面具有优异的疏液特性，自清洁效果好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面的制备方法，属于表面加工处理技术领域。
背景技术
聚四氟乙烯具有优良的化学稳定性、耐腐蚀性，是当今世界上耐腐蚀性能最佳材料之一，有密封性、高润滑不粘性、电绝缘性和良好的抗老化能力、耐温优异等优点，且由于其天生的疏水特性，也被作用于金属、玻璃、陶器表面的防腐涂层。超滑表面是一种模仿猪笼草结构的仿生表面，这是一种将润滑液如硅油、全氟聚醚、离子液体等灌注到微/纳粗糙结构基材中制备的而成的仿生表面，能显著减小液滴滑动角和滞后角。它克服了以往超疏水表面细菌易吸附、压力稳定性差，物理耐磨损性差等缺点，所得表面耐候性好，抗压稳定性高。将聚四氟乙烯薄膜制备成超滑表面，不仅能大大提高其耐腐、润滑性能，还能使其具有抑菌、防污等特性。
Axel Rosenhahn及其团队发表的Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous SurfacesShowing MarineAnti-biofouling Properties（ACS AppliedMaterials&Interfaces）公开了一种在聚四氟乙烯表面构造甲基丙烯酸丁酯纳米结构，进而填充润滑油制备SLIPS的方法。此方案制备的SLIPS具有良好的防生物沉积效果，但是制备过程繁琐，需要用到紫外光诱发高分子之间的自由基相聚合，从而使表层与基底之间获得较高的结合力。HK Tsao及其团队在论文Anti-smudge behavior of facilely fabricated liquid-infused surfaceswith extremely low contact angle hysteresis property（Rsc Advances）中公开了一种直接使用购买的聚四氟乙烯胶圈带灌注润滑液制备SLIPS的方法，这种方法非常简单，但是唯一的不足是受限于胶带的大小，无法自行控制所需的SLIPS的大小形状。专利CN103703085 A公开了一种使用Teflon纳米纤维作为多孔材料，辅以润滑油构造的光滑注液多孔表面，此方法获得的表面疏液效果好，抗菌性强，但是纳米纤维却不容易获得。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足，提供一种超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面的制备方法，该方法将氯化钠或氯化钾、醋酸锌溶入聚四氟乙烯乳液中，烧结成膜后，使用乙酸洗去氯化钠晶体和氧化锌纳米棒，以此构造出互相连通的多孔结构，再添加润滑油；本方法所得的超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面具有优异的疏液特性，自清洁效果好；本方法所用材料简单，操作方便。
一种超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面的制备方法，具体步骤为：
（1）将氯化钠或氯化钾、醋酸锌溶解于水中，然后加入聚四氟乙烯乳液和氧化锌纳米棒并混合均匀得到制模液；
（2）将步骤（1）所得制模液均匀涂覆在基底表面，置于温度不高于100℃的条件下干燥，再置于温度为330~380℃条件下煅烧20~40min即得聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜；
（3）将步骤（2）所得聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜置于乙酸水溶液中浸泡处理20~40min，取出并烘干；
（4）将步骤（3）所得烘干的聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜撑起不小于5°的角，将润滑液滴至聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜顶端使润滑液自然流下并覆盖聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜的表面即得超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面；
所述步骤（1）中氯化钠或氯化钾、醋酸锌、水、聚四氟乙烯乳液、氧化锌纳米棒的质量比为(3~7):(5~10):(12~18):(5~10):(1~2)；
所述步骤（2）中乙酸水溶液中乙酸的浓度为0.8~1.2mol/L；
所述步骤（3）中润滑液为全氟聚醚润滑油、硅油润滑油或酯类润滑油。
本发明的有益效果：
（1）本发明方法所得的超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面具有优异的疏液特性，自清洁效果好；
（2）本发明制备方法制备所用材料简单、费用低廉，操作简单易行。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备所得的超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面400倍的光学显微镜图；
图2为实施例1制备所得的超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面的扫描电子显微镜图；
图3为实施例1制备所得的超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面的油接触角光学图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明，但本发明的保护范围并不限于所述内容。
实施例1：一种超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面的制备方法，具体步骤为：
（1）将氯化钠、醋酸锌溶解于温度为40℃的水中，然后加入聚四氟乙烯乳液和氧化锌纳米棒并混合均匀得到制模液，其中氯化钠、醋酸锌、水、聚四氟乙烯乳液、氧化锌纳米棒的质量比为5:3:15:5:1；
（2）将步骤（1）所得制模液均匀涂覆在基底表面，置于温度为100℃的条件下干燥30min，再置于温度为380℃条件下煅烧20min即得聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜；
（3）将步骤（2）所得聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜置于乙酸水溶液中浸泡处理30min，取出并烘干；其中乙酸水溶液中乙酸的浓度为1.0mol/L；
（4）将步骤（3）所得烘干的聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜撑起30°的角，将润滑液（润滑液为全氟聚醚润滑脂Krytox GPL103）滴至聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜顶端使润滑液自然流下并覆盖聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜的表面即得超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面；
本实施例制备所得的超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面400倍的光学显微镜图如图1所示，从图1可知，氯化钠和醋酸锌结晶后形成的枝晶排布均匀，整体无较大起伏；
本实施例制备所得的超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面的扫描电子显微镜图如图2所示，从图2可见，枝晶表面分布有大小均匀的孔洞，孔洞尺寸在微米级；
本实施例制备的超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面的油接触角光学图如图3所示，从图3可知，油滴在本实施例的超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜表面的接触角平均值约为70°，且可以顺畅的在表面滑动，滑动角为4°。
实施例2：一种超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面的制备方法，具体步骤为：
（1）将氯化钠、醋酸锌溶解于温度为45℃的水中，然后加入聚四氟乙烯乳液和氧化锌纳米棒并混合均匀得到制模液，其中氯化钠、醋酸锌、水、聚四氟乙烯乳液、氧化锌纳米棒的质量比为5:5:18:5:1.5；
（2）将步骤（1）所得制模液均匀涂覆在基底表面，置于温度为90℃的条件下干燥40min，再置于温度为340℃条件下煅烧35min即得聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜；
（3）将步骤（2）所得聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜置于乙酸水溶液中浸泡处理40min，取出并烘干；其中乙酸水溶液中乙酸的浓度为0.8mol/L；
（4）将步骤（3）所得烘干的聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜撑起5°的角，将润滑液（润滑液为甲基乙氧基硅油）滴至聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜顶端使润滑液自然流下并覆盖聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜的表面即得超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面；
从本实施例制备的超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面的油接触角光学图可知，本实施例的超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜的油接触角为72°，表面滑动角为5°。
实施例3：一种超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面的制备方法，具体步骤为：
（1）将氯化钾、醋酸锌溶解于温度为60℃的水中，然后加入聚四氟乙烯乳液和氧化锌纳米棒并混合均匀得到制模液，其中氯化钾、醋酸锌、水、聚四氟乙烯乳液、氧化锌纳米棒的质量比为7:5:18:6:2；
（2）将步骤（1）所得制模液均匀涂覆在基底表面，置于温度为85℃的条件下干燥50min，再置于温度为330℃条件下煅烧40min即得聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜；
（3）将步骤（2）所得聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜置于乙酸水溶液中浸泡处理20min，取出并烘干；其中乙酸水溶液中乙酸的浓度为1.2mol/L；
（4）将步骤（3）所得烘干的聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜撑起10°的角，将润滑液（润滑液为酯类润滑油LFC 4150）滴至聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜顶端使润滑液自然流下并覆盖聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜的表面即得超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面；
从本实施例制备的超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面的油接触角光学图可知，本实施例的超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜的油接触角为68°，表面滑动角为7°。
实施例4：一种超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面的制备方法，具体步骤为：
（1）将氯化钠、醋酸锌溶解于温度为50℃的水中，然后加入聚四氟乙烯乳液和氧化锌纳米棒并混合均匀得到制模液，其中氯化钠、醋酸锌、水、聚四氟乙烯乳液、氧化锌纳米棒的质量比为10:7:12:10:1；
（2）将步骤（1）所得制模液均匀涂覆在基底表面，置于温度为100℃的条件下干燥30min，再置于温度为360℃条件下煅烧38min即得聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜；
（3）将步骤（2）所得聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜置于乙酸水溶液中浸泡处理35min，取出并烘干；其中乙酸水溶液中乙酸的浓度为1.0mol/L；
（4）将步骤（3）所得烘干的聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜撑起20°的角，将润滑液（润滑液为全氟聚醚润滑脂Krytox GPL103）滴至聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜顶端使润滑液自然流下并覆盖聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜的表面即得超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面；
从本实施例制备的超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面的油接触角光学图可知，本实施例的超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜的油接触角为70°，表面滑动角为6°。
Claims (4)
1.一种超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面的制备方法，其特征在于，具体步骤为：
（1）将氯化钠或氯化钾、醋酸锌溶解于水中，然后加入聚四氟乙烯乳液和氧化锌纳米棒并混合均匀得到制模液；
（2）将步骤（1）所得制模液均匀涂覆在基底表面，置于温度不高于100℃的条件下干燥，再置于温度为330~380℃条件下煅烧20~40min即得聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜；
（3）将步骤（2）所得聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜置于乙酸水溶液中浸泡处理20~40min，取出并烘干；
（4）将步骤（3）所得烘干的聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜撑起不小于5°的角，将润滑液滴至聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜顶端使润滑液自然流下并覆盖聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜的表面即得超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）中氯化钠或氯化钾、醋酸锌、水、聚四氟乙烯乳液、氧化锌纳米棒的质量比为(5~10):(3~7):(12~18):(5~10):(1~2)。
3.根据权利要求1所述超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（2）中乙酸水溶液中乙酸的浓度为0.8~1.2mol/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述超滑聚四氟乙烯多孔表面的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（3）中润滑液为全氟聚醚润滑油、硅油润滑油或酯类润滑油。
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