CN107748341A - High contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device - Google Patents
High contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device, including：Pedestal, turntable, imaging platform and the sample stage for being arranged on turntable inside circle centre position embedded vertically；In the imaging platform X-ray source, source grating, beam-splitting optical grating, the flexible perforate passed in top, analysis grating and detector for the sample stage are disposed with along optical path direction；Described source grating, beam-splitting optical grating and analysis grating is arc shape, and its center of circle is respectively positioned at the X-ray source.The high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device of the present invention can utilize the X source of high-energy to realize larger penetration depth, so as to high contrast, the low dose imaging applied to thick sample (tens centimetres) or even human body.And the imaging device of the present invention can realize that sample stage rotates, and can realizes that imaging system rotates, reliable and stable, can provide required precision required for the imaging technique.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to X-ray technical field of imaging, more particularly to a kind of high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device.
Background technology
Traditional x-ray imaging technique is the difference to X-ray absorption property based on material, for heavy element materials such as metals
The material of composition, Traditional x-ray imaging technique can obtain good image contrast, but for the light member such as carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, oxygen
The material of cellulosic material composition, mammary gland, blood vessel, fat, cartilage human body soft tissue in such as medical imaging, they are to X ray
Absorb it is very faint, these be organized in the image obtained under Traditional x-ray imaging technique be blur, differentiate it is unclear.
X-ray phase contrast imaging technology is carried out into by detecting X ray through the phase place change (i.e. phase shift) of material
As due at hard X ray wave band (10-100keV), for the light elements such as carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, its coherent scattering cross section (i.e. phase
Move section) it is more than 1000 times of respective absorption cross-section.Therefore in theory for, for the material that those are made up of light element, hard X
Ray phase contrast imaging technology can provide thousands of times higher than conventional suction contrast imaging of image contrast and measurement sensitivity.
However, the imaging energy of the technology mainly only has 5 in 30keV or so, the penetration depth in manikin at present
Centimetre, therefore be only suitable for carrying out thin sample (such as mouse) imaging research, and it is low because of the photon flux that X-ray machine is sent, need
Time for exposure of (about 26 hours) for a long time to reduce noise, increase picture quality.In addition, based on current theoretical frame
In the phase contrast CT machines of structure, it is necessary to which three blocks of gratings surround rotary sample together, simultaneously when framework is rotated
Need to ensure that three blocks of gratings are strictly aligned, but in rotary course, gravity, machine-building error, Automatic manual transmission error, machinery
The factors such as vibrations, thermal expansion can all have a strong impact on the alignment of three blocks of gratings.Therefore, their system has very to mechanical stability
Harsh requirement, it is most of both at home and abroad at present to establish sample stage rotation and the motionless simple desktop of imaging system stationary is put down
Platform, the CT devices for not occurring imaging system rotation also come into operation.
The content of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that it is low to provide a kind of high contrast
Dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT
Imaging device, including：Pedestal, the turntable being arranged above the pedestal, the imaging platform being arranged on the turntable and
The embedded sample stage for being arranged on circle centre position inside the turntable vertically；
In the imaging platform along optical path direction be disposed with X-ray source, source grating, beam-splitting optical grating, for the sample
The flexible perforate passed in the top of sample platform, analysis grating and detector；
The beam-splitting optical grating lower end is provided with micro-displacement stepping mechanism, and the micro-displacement stepping mechanism includes flexible hinge machine
Structure and piezoelectric ceramics pushing mechanism；
The source grating and beam-splitting optical grating lower end are provided with attitude-adjusting system；
Described source grating, beam-splitting optical grating and analysis grating is arc shape, and its center of circle is respectively positioned on the X-ray source
Place.
Preferably, the diaphragm mechanism for adjusting X ray incidence range is additionally provided with the source grating.Preferably
It is to be provided with heat-proof device between the X-ray source and source grating.
Preferably, the sample stage includes elevating mechanism, planar adjustment mechanism and rotating mechanism.
Preferably, the attitude-adjusting system includes X, and the axle of Y, Z tri- translates adjustment mechanism and around X, tri- axles rotations of Y, Z
Three axle governor motions.
Preferably, radial direction shafting and thrust coupling of shaft system are passed through between the pedestal and turntable.
Preferably, the turntable lower end is also associated with the slip ring for transmitting telecommunication number with data-signal, the cunning
The slip ring reading support being fixed on the pedestal is provided with below ring.
Preferably, the turntable center is provided with torque motor.
Preferably, the base bottom is provided with leveling lower margin.
Preferably, data acquisition when the high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device carries out detection work
Journey comprises the following steps：
Step 1：When gathering n.s position, the second collection are gathered when the beam-splitting optical grating is respectively at set in advance first
The data that detector when position, the 3rd collection position and the 4th collection position detects, collect four groups of data are made respectively
The background intensity of position is gathered for aforementioned four；
Step 2：The data acquisition of each tomography of sample is carried out, it is specifically included：
Step 2-1：The beam-splitting optical grating is fixed to the described first collection position；
Step 2-2：Control the turntable to be rotated with the rotating speed of 0.5 cycle per second, control the detector with 2.5ms per frame
Speed gathered data, the turntable rotate a circle after stop collection；
Step 2-3：The beam-splitting optical grating is driven to be moved to the second collection position, weight by the micro-displacement stepping mechanism
The multiple step 2-2；
Step 2-4：The beam-splitting optical grating is driven to be moved to the 3rd collection position, weight by the micro-displacement stepping mechanism
The multiple step 2-2；
Step 2-5：The beam-splitting optical grating is driven to be moved to the 4th collection position, weight by the micro-displacement stepping mechanism
The multiple step 2-2, completes the data acquisition of a tomography of sample；
Step 3：Control the sample stage to be axially moveable the distance of setting, repeat the step 2, to carry out sample
The data acquisition of next tomography；
Step 4：Data separating reconstructs：Beam-splitting optical grating in each tomography of the sample gathered by above-mentioned steps is in four
Collect 4 groups of data when gathering position are respectively combined as a sets of data, data acquisition.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device of the present invention can utilize high energy
The X source of amount realizes larger penetration depth, so as to high contrast, the low dosage applied to thick sample (tens centimetres) or even human body
Imaging, the present invention can substantially reduce the dose of radiation that sample is received.And the imaging device of the present invention can realize sample stage
Rotation, and can realize that imaging system rotates, reliable and stable, can provide required precision required for the imaging technique.The present invention
The stability of a system is high, is easily installed manufacture, and easy to operate, is well positioned to meet user's request, has wide market prospects.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of the high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the sample stage of the high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the source grating of the high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the beam-splitting optical grating of the high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals：
1-pedestal；2-turntable；3-imaging platform；4-sample stage；5-radial direction shafting；6-thrust shafting；7-sliding
Ring；8-slip ring reading support；9-torque motor；10-leveling lower margin；30-X-ray source；31-source grating；32-beam splitting
Grating；33-perforate；34-analysis grating；35-detector；36-micro-displacement stepping mechanism；37-attitude-adjusting system；
38-heat-proof device；40-elevating mechanism；41-planar adjustment mechanism；42-rotating mechanism；310-diaphragm mechanism；370-three
Axle translates adjustment mechanism；371-three axle governor motions 371.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, to make those skilled in the art with reference to specification
Word can be implemented according to this.
It should be appreciated that such as " having ", "comprising" and " comprising " term used herein are not precluded from one or more
The presence or addition of individual other elements or its combination.
As Figure 1-5, a kind of high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device of the present embodiment, including：Pedestal 1,
The turntable 2 for being arranged at the top of pedestal 1, the imaging platform 3 being arranged on turntable 2 and insertion vertically are arranged on turntable 2
The sample stage 4 of internal circle centre position；In imaging platform 3 X-ray source 30, source grating 31, beam splitting are disposed with along optical path direction
Grating 32, the flexible perforate 33 passed in top, analysis grating 34 and detector 35 for sample stage 4；Pedestal 1 and turntable 2 it
Between connected by radial direction shafting 5 and thrust shafting 6；The center of turntable 2 is provided with torque motor 9；Sample stage 4 includes elevating mechanism
40th, planar adjustment mechanism 41 and rotating mechanism 42, elevating mechanism 40 realize the axial direction lifting of sample stage 4, and rotating mechanism 42 is realized
Rotation of the sample stage 4 around axial direction is adjusted, and planar adjustment mechanism 41 is used to adjust the displacement of rotating mechanism 42 in the horizontal direction, leads to
The position of the horizontal direction of the sample on rotating mechanism 42 is overregulated, can adjust the size of the scanning range of X-ray source 30；Into
As the material selection granite of platform 3；The bottom of pedestal 1 is provided with leveling lower margin 10.
Source grating 31, beam-splitting optical grating 32 and analysis grating 34 are arc shape, and its center of circle is respectively positioned at X-ray source 30.
Source grating 31 and the lower end of beam-splitting optical grating 32 are provided with attitude-adjusting system 37.Attitude-adjusting system 37 includes X, Y,
The axles of Z tri- translate adjustment mechanism 370 and around X, three axle governor motions 371 of tri- axle rotations of Y, Z.Three axles translate adjustment mechanism 370
X, the motor adjustment in the direction of Y, Z tri- are realized, three axle governor motions 371 realize that the rotation of tri- axles of Z is adjusted, so as to pass through around X, Y
Attitude-adjusting system 37 is used for the regulation for realizing fore-and-aft direction and three direction of rotation up and down.It is additionally provided with governor motion
Retaining mechanism.
The diaphragm mechanism 310 for adjusting X ray incidence range, X-ray source 30 and source are additionally provided with source grating 31
Heat-proof device 38 is provided between grating 31.
The lower end of beam-splitting optical grating 32 is provided with micro-displacement stepping mechanism 36, and micro-displacement stepping mechanism 36 includes flexure hinge mechanism
With piezoelectric ceramics pushing mechanism.
The lower end of turntable 2 is also associated with the slip ring 7 with data-signal for transmitting telecommunication number, slip ring 7 and the rotation of upper end
Electric signal on platform 2 is connected with data signal transmission wire, and the lower section of slip ring 7 is provided with the slip ring reading support being fixed on pedestal 1
8.Slip ring reading support 8 is used for the controller with data signal transmission to outside by the electric signal of slip ring 7.
When high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device carries out sample detection, by x-ray bombardment sample, and carry out
Data acquisition, to obtain CT images.
X source is a light source for launching cone-beam x-ray.Source grating 31 is located at the focus 100mm of X source, by
There is geometry amplification factor in imaging system, therefore the area of source grating 31 is not necessarily to too greatly, as long as it is on detector 35
Projection more than detector 35 receiving area, above technique for, the less grating of area is easier processing and fabricating,
Its uniformity is more can guarantee that, and cost is low.Source grating 31 includes diaphragm mechanism 31, for adjusting X ray incidence range, so
In imaging process below, detector 35 can be made only to receive photon in the region for having Moire fringe, diaphragm is blocked completely
Directive does not have the photon in Moire fringe region, can so improve the accuracy that detector 35 gathers image, increases detector 35
Service life.
Beam-splitting optical grating 32 is arranged at X source focus 400mm, and analysis grating 34 is arranged at X source focal point 1600mm,
Sample stage 4 is located at the circle centre position of turntable 2, is arranged at behind beam-splitting optical grating 32, and detector 35 is arranged at analysis grating 34
Below.
To ensure the precision of imaging system, the circular runout of turntable main shaft is no more than 10 microns, and axial float error is no more than
37 microns, turntable positioning precision is no more than 0.1rad.
During imaging, the X source of millimeter magnitude is divided into a series of line source by source grating 31 first, to each line source
For, its Spatially coherent length at beam-splitting optical grating 32 is more than the cycle of beam-splitting optical grating 32, and such beam-splitting optical grating 32 is relevant
Under optical illumination, it can be formed by hooligan's effect in the analysis opening position of grating 34 from imaging,
Then by Lau effects, beam-splitting optical grating 32 can be mutually wrong from imaged striation caused by under each linear light source lighting
A cycle is opened, is superimposed so as to noncoherent, can greatly be strengthened from the intensity of imaged striation.
Then beam-splitting optical grating 32 from imaged striation and analysis grating 34 can form Moire fringe, if beam-splitting optical grating 32
From imaged striation and analyze between the striped of grating 34 and have a small angle, or beam-splitting optical grating 32 is from the week of imaged striation
Small difference be present between phase and the cycle for analyzing grating 34, then passing behind X-ray detector 35 in analysis grating 34
I.e. detectable cycle very big Moire fringe.
Then, X ray can reflect when through sample, and the deviation of light can cause the torsion of moire pattern shapes
Song, it is embodied in actual tests, is the change of pixel light intensity.It is by measuring the change of each image pixel intensities, i.e., available
The refraction image of sample.
The data acquisition (i.e. imaging process) of high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Gather n.s when beam-splitting optical grating 32 be respectively at it is set in advance first collection position, second collection position,
The data that detect of detector 35 when the 3rd collection position and the 4th collection position, using collect four groups of data as above-mentioned
The background intensity of four collection positions；
Step 2：The data acquisition of each tomography of sample is carried out, it is specifically included：
Step 2-1：Fixed beam-splitting optical grating 32 to the first gathers position；
Step 2-2：Turntable 2 is controlled to be rotated with the rotating speed of 0.5 cycle per second, control detector 35 is with speed of the 2.5ms per frame
Gathered data, turntable 2 stop collection after rotating a circle；
Step 2-3：Beam-splitting optical grating 32 is driven to be moved to the second collection position, repeat step 2- by micro-displacement stepping mechanism 36
2；
Step 2-4：Beam-splitting optical grating 32 is driven to be moved to the 3rd collection position, repeat step 2- by micro-displacement stepping mechanism 36
2；
Step 2-5：Beam-splitting optical grating 32 is driven to be moved to the 4th collection position, repeat step 2- by micro-displacement stepping mechanism 36
2, complete the data acquisition of a tomography of sample；
Step 3：Control sample stage 4 is axially moveable the distance of setting, step 2 is repeated, to carry out next fan of sample
The data acquisition of beam tomography；
Step 4：Data separating reconstructs：Beam-splitting optical grating 32 in each tomography of the sample gathered by above-mentioned steps is in four
Collect 4 groups of data during individual collection position are respectively combined as a sets of data, data acquisition.It is follow-up to carry out data point again
Reconstructed from CT.Wherein, data separating and CT reconstruct are carried out using with traditional PS scheme identical method.
Wherein, 4 collection positions along curved beam-splitting optical grating 32 arc extended line arrangement, i.e., 4 collection positions with
Beam-splitting optical grating 32 is on same circumference, therefore when carrying out data acquisition, beam-splitting optical grating 32 need to be made to do movement in a curve, pass through piezoelectricity
Ceramic pushing mechanism is driven, and promotes beam-splitting optical grating 32 to move, and is carried out displacement limitation by flexure hinge mechanism, is limited beam splitting light
The moving line of grid 32 is camber line, so as to realize the movement in a curve of beam-splitting optical grating 32 by micro-displacement stepping mechanism 36.
It in another embodiment, can not be turned with imaging system, the imaging of object is realized by the rotation of sample stage 4.
Although embodiment of the present invention is disclosed as above, it is not restricted in specification and embodiment listed
With it can be applied to various suitable the field of the invention completely, can be easily for those skilled in the art
Other modification is realized, therefore under the universal limited without departing substantially from claim and equivalency range, it is of the invention and unlimited
In specific details.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device, it is characterised in that including：Pedestal, it is arranged at the pedestal The turntable of top, the imaging platform being arranged on the turntable and insertion vertically are arranged on the center of circle inside the turntable The sample stage at place；In the imaging platform along optical path direction be disposed with X-ray source, source grating, beam-splitting optical grating, for the sample stage The flexible perforate passed in top, analysis grating and detector；The beam-splitting optical grating lower end is provided with micro-displacement stepping mechanism, the micro-displacement stepping mechanism include flexure hinge mechanism and Piezoelectric ceramics pushing mechanism；The source grating and beam-splitting optical grating lower end are provided with attitude-adjusting system；Described source grating, beam-splitting optical grating and analysis grating is arc shape, and its center of circle is respectively positioned at the X-ray source.
- 2. high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the source grating On be additionally provided with diaphragm mechanism for adjusting X ray incidence range.
- 3. high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the X ray Heat-proof device is provided between light source and source grating.
- 4. high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the sample stage Including elevating mechanism, planar adjustment mechanism and rotating mechanism.
- 5. high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the posture is adjusted Complete machine structure includes X, the axle of Y, Z tri- translation adjustment mechanism and the three axle governor motions rotated around X, tri- axles of Y, Z.
- 6. high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the pedestal with Pass through radial direction shafting and thrust coupling of shaft system between turntable.
- 7. high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the turntable Lower end is also associated with the slip ring with data-signal for transmitting telecommunication number, is provided with and is fixed on the pedestal below the slip ring Slip ring reading support.
- 8. high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the turntable Center is provided with torque motor.
- 9. high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the pedestal bottom Portion is provided with leveling lower margin.
- 10. high contrast low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the high lining Data acquisition when degree low dosage phase contrast CT image-forming device carries out detection work comprises the following steps：Step 1：Gather n.s when when the beam-splitting optical grating be respectively at it is set in advance first collection position, second gather position, The data that detect of detector when the 3rd collection position and the 4th collection position, using collect four groups of data as upper State the background intensity of four collection positions；Step 2：The data acquisition of each tomography of sample is carried out, it is specifically included：Step 2-1：The beam-splitting optical grating is fixed to the described first collection position；Step 2-2：Control the turntable to be rotated with the rotating speed of 0.5 cycle per second, control the detector with speed of the 2.5ms per frame Rate gathered data, the turntable stop collection after rotating a circle；Step 2-3：Drive the beam-splitting optical grating to be moved to the second collection position by the micro-displacement stepping mechanism, repeat institute State step 2-2；Step 2-4：Drive the beam-splitting optical grating to be moved to the 3rd collection position by the micro-displacement stepping mechanism, repeat institute State step 2-2；Step 2-5：Drive the beam-splitting optical grating to be moved to the 4th collection position by the micro-displacement stepping mechanism, repeat institute Step 2-2 is stated, completes the data acquisition of a tomography of sample；Step 3：Control the sample stage to be axially moveable the distance of setting, repeat the step 2, to carry out the next of sample The data acquisition of tomography；Step 4：Data separating reconstructs：Beam-splitting optical grating in each tomography of the sample gathered by above-mentioned steps is in four collections Collect 4 groups of data during position are respectively combined as a sets of data, data acquisition.
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